Wastewater management for irrigation : principles and practices

462 Pages·2016·8.51 MB·English

by  Goyal

WASTEWATER
MANAGEMENT FOR
IRRIGATION
Principles and Practices

Research Advances in Sustainable Micro Irrigation
VOLUME 8
WASTEWATER
MANAGEMENT FOR
IRRIGATION
Principles and Practices
Edited by
Megh R. Goyal, PhD, PE and Vinod K. Tripathi, PhD
CRC Press Apple Academic Press, Inc
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CONTENTS
List of Contributors ....................................................................................vii
List of Abbreviations ...................................................................................xi
List of Symbols ..........................................................................................xiii
Preface .....................................................................................................xvii
Warning/Disclaimer ................................................................................xxiii
About the Senior Editor-in-Chief ..............................................................xxv
About the Co-editor .................................................................................xxvii
Book Endorsements .................................................................................xxvii
Other Books on Micro Irrigation by Apple Academic Press Inc. .................xxix
PART I: IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT .......................................................1
1. Quality of Irrigation Water Resources: Egypt ........................................3
A. S. El-Henawy, M. R. Khalifa, and M. M. Saffan
2. Emitter Clogging: A Menace to Drip Irrigation ....................................25
Vishal K. Chavan
3. Mechanism of Emitter Clogging: A Review ...........................................37
Vishal K. Chavan, S. K. Deshmukh, and M. B. Nagdeve
4. Management of Emitter Clogging with Municipal Wastewater ..........81
A. Capra and B. Scicolone
5. Role of Micro Irrigation Filters and Farm Wastewater Treatment
to Improve the Performance of Emitters ...............................................97
Antonina Capra
PART II: CURRENT STATUS OF WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT .....145
6. Reuse of Municipal Wastewater for Agricultural Irrigation:
A Review ..................................................................................................147
Juan C. Durán–Álvarez and Blanca Jiménez–Cisneros
vi Contents
7. Microorganism Contamination in Crops Grown with Wastewater
Irrigation: A Review ...............................................................................227
Prerna Prasad and Vinod Kumar Tripathi
8. Present Status of Wastewater Generation, Disposal and Reuse
Challenges For Agriculture ...................................................................243
Vinod Kumar Tripathi
9. Impact of Semi-Arid Climate on Wastewater Quality Parameters .......261
Vinod Kumar Tripathi
PART III: WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT PRACTICES .....................283
10. Quality of Municipal Wastewater for Micro Irrigation ......................285
Vinod K. Tripathi, T. B. S. Rajput, Neelam Patel, and Lata
11. Biometric Response of Eggplant Under Sustainable Micro
Irrigation with Municipal Wastewater .................................................301
Vinod Kumar Tripathi, T.B.S. Rajput, Neelam Patel, and Pradeep Kumar
12. Cost–Benefit Analysis of Wastewater Reuse in Micro Irrigation.......317
Sushil Kumar Shukla and Ashutosh Tripathi
13. Evaluation of Micro Irrigation with Municipal Wastewater .............337
Vinod Kumar Tripathi, T. B. S. Rajput, Neelam Patel, and Lata
14. Effects of Water Quality on Performance of Potato ...........................353
H. A. A. Mansour and Cs. Gyuricza
15. Effects of Treated Wastewater on Water Use Efficiency of Potato .......367
H. A. A. Mansour, M. S. Gaballah, M. Abd El-Hady,
and Ebtisam I. Eldardiry
16. Soil Evaporation from Drip Irrigated Maize Field .............................381
Hossein Dehghanisanij and Hanieh Kosari
Appendices ...............................................................................................405
Index .........................................................................................................427
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
A. Capra, PhD
Professor, Department of Agro-Forestry and Environmental Sciences, Reggio Calabria Mediterranean
University, Reggio Calabria (RC), Italy. E-mail: [email protected]
Vishal Keshavao Chavan, PhD
Assistant Professor and Senior Research Fellow in SWE, Agriculture University, Akola, Maharashtra,
India, Website: www.pdkv.ac.in; E-mail: [email protected]
Hossein Dehghanisanij, PhD
Associate Professor in Irrigation and Drainage Engineering; Head, Irrigation Systems Research
Department Agricultural Engineering Research Institute (AERI), P.O. Box 31585–845, Karaj, Iran.
Tel: [phone], Fax: [phone], Mobile: [phone]. E-mail: dehghanisanij@
yahoo.com
Santosh K. Deshmukh, PhD
Chief Coordinator, Sustainability (Jalgaon Area – India Environmental Services), Jain Irrigation
Systems Ltd, Jain Plastic Park, N.H. No. 6, Bambhori, Jalgaon 425001, Maharashtra, India. Tel.:
[phone], Fax [phone], E-mail: [email protected], Visit at: www.jains.com
Juan C. Durán-Álvarez, PhD
Postdoc Fellow, Center of Applied Science and Technological Development, and Engineering
Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 3000 Uni. Ave., Coyoacan, 04510, Mexico,
D.F., Mexico. E-mail: [email protected] and [email protected]
Ebtisam I. Eldardiry, I., PhD
Water Relations and Field Irrigation Department, Agricultural Division and National Research Center,
Cairo, Egypt. E-mail: [email protected]
M. Abd El-Hady, PhD
Water Relations and Field Irrigation Department, Agricultural Division and National Research Center,
12311 El-Dokki, Giza, Cairo, Egypt. [email protected]
Ahmed S. El-Henawy, PhD
Associate Professor of Soil Physics, and Chairman of Soils and Water Science Department, Faculty
of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University Kafr El-Sheikh Egypt. Tel.: [phone] (off.); Mobile:
[phone], E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
M. S. Gaballah, PhD
WRFI Department, Agricultural Division, National Research Center, 12311 El-Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
Megh R. Goyal, PhD, PE
Retired Professor in Agricultural and Biomedical Engineering from General Engineering Department,
University of Puerto Rico – Mayaguez Campus; and Senior Technical Editor-in-Chief in Agriculture
Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Apple Academic Press Inc., PO Box 86, Rincon, PR 00677,
USA. E-mail: [email protected]
Cs. Gyuricza, PhD
Institute of Crop Production, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Science. SZIU, 2103 Godollo,
Hungary. E-mail: [email protected]
viii List of Contributors
Marvin E. Jensen, PhD, PE
Retired Research Leader at USDA – ARS. 1207 Spring Wood Drive, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525,
USA, E-mail: [email protected]
Blanca Jiménez–Cisneros, PhD
International Hydrological Program (IHP), UNESCO, 1 Miollis St., 75732 Paris, France, E-mail:
[email protected]
M. R. Khalifa, PhD
Soils and Water Science Department, Fac. of Agric., Kafrelsheikh Univ., Egypt
H. Kosari, M.Sc.
Department of Irrigation and reclamation Engineering, Agricultural and Natural Resources Campus,
University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran, E-mail: [email protected]
Pradeep Kumar, PhD
Scientist, National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, India
Lata, PhD
Scientist, Water Technology Center (WTC), Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi,
Delhi 110012, India
Hani A. A. Mansour, PhD
Researcher, WRFI Department, Agriculture Division, National Research Center, El-Behouth St.,
Eldokki, Giza, Postal Code 12311, Cairo, Egypt. Tel.: [phone] and [phone]. E-mail:
[email protected]
V. M., Mayande, PhD
Ex-Vice Chancellor, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, 444104, Maharashtra, India.
Phone: [phone], E-mail: [email protected]
Miguel A. Muñoz-Muñoz, PhD
Ex-President of University of Puerto Rico, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Campus, College
of Agriculture Sciences, Call Box 9000, Mayagüez, PR. 00681–9000. Tel.: [phone], E-mail:
[email protected]
Neelam Patel, PhD
Senior Scientist, Water Technology Center (WTC), Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI),
New Delhi, Delhi 110012, India, E-mail: [email protected]
Prerna Prasad, PhD
Post graduate scholar, Water Policy and Governance, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, India,
E-mail: [email protected]
T. B. S. Rajput, PhD
Principal Scientist, Water Technology Center (WTC), Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI),
New Delhi, Delhi 110012, India, E-mail: [email protected]
M. M. Saffan, PhD
Soil and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.
http://www.kfs.edu.eg/
B. Scicolone, PhD
Professor, Department of Agro-forestry and Environmental Sciences, Reggio Calabria Mediterranean
University, Reggio Calabria (RC), Italy
List of Contributors ix
Gajendra Singh, PhD
Former Vice President, Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand. C-86, Millennium Apartments, Plot
E-10A, Sector - 61, NOIDA, U.P., 201301, India, Mobile: (011)-(91) 9971087591, E-mail: prof.
[email protected]
R. K. Sivanappan, PhD
Former Professor and Dean, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Tamil Nadu
Agricultural University (TNAU), Coimbatore. Mailing address: Consultant, 14, Bharathi Park, 4th
Cross Road, Coimbatore-641043, India. E-mail: [email protected]
Sushil Kumar Shukla, PhD
Assistant Professor, Center of Environmental Science, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, India,
Ph.No.+91–8969271817, E-mail: [email protected] and [email protected]
Ashutosh Tripathi, PhD
Assistant Professor, Amity Institute of Environmental Sciences, Amity University, Noida 125, Uttar
Pradesh-201303, India. E-mail: [email protected] and [email protected]
Vinod Kumar Tripathi, PhD
Assistant Professor, Center for Water Engineering and Management, Central University of Jharkhand,
Ratu-Loharghat road, Brambe, Ranchi, Jharkhand – 835205, India, Mobile: [phone]; E-mail:
[email protected]