War and Peace in Ancient and Medieval History

261 Pages·2008·1.988 MB·English

by  Souza, Philip de(Editor);France, John(Editor);Rhodes, P J(Contributor);Rung, Eduard(Contributor)

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War and Peace in Ancient and Medieval History
This is a major new study of the ideas and practices involved in the
makingandbreakingofpeacetreatiesandtrucesfromClassicalGreece
to the time of the Crusades. Leading specialists on war and peace in
ancientandmedievalhistoryexaminethecreationofpeaceagreements,
and explore the extent to which their terms could be manipulated to
serve the interests of one side at the other(cid:2)s expense. The chapters
discuss a wide range of uses to which treaties and other peace agree-
mentswereputbyrulersandmilitarycommandersinpursuitofboth
individual and collective political aims. The book also considers the
widerimplicationsoftheseissuesforourunderstandingofthenature
of war and peace in the ancient and medieval periods. This broad-
ranging account includes chapters on ancient Persia, the Roman and
ByzantineEmpires,Anglo-SaxonEnglandandthevikings.
PhilipdeSouzaisLecturerinClassicsatUniversityCollegeDublin.
Heistheauthorofseveralbooksonancienthistory,includingPiracyin
the Graeco-Roman World (1999), The Peloponnesian War 431–404 BC
(2002)andTheGreekandPersianWars499–386BC(2003).
JohnFranceisProfessorofHistoryatSwanseaUniversity.Hismany
publications onmedievalhistoryinclude Victoryinthe East:AMili-
taryHistoryoftheFirstCrusade(1994)andWesternWarfareintheAge
oftheCrusades1000–1300(1999).

War and Peace in Ancient and
Medieval History
edited by
Philip de Souza and John France
CAMBRIDGEUNIVERSITYPRESS
Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo
Cambridge University Press
The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB28RU, UK
Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York
www.cambridge.org
Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521817035
© Cambridge University Press 2008
This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provision of
relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place
without the written permission of Cambridge University Press.
First published in print format 2008
ISBN-13 978-0-511-38861-3 eBook (NetLibrary)
ISBN-13 978-0-521-81703-5 hardback
Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of urls
for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not
guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.
Contents
Listof contributors page vii
Acknowledgements ix
Noteon abbreviations xi
1 Introduction
Philip de Souza andJohn France 1
2 Making andbreaking treaties in theGreek world
P. J.Rhodes 6
3 War,peace anddiplomacy in Graeco-Persian
relations fromthesixth to thefourth century BC
Eduard Rung 28
4 Treaties, allies and theRomanconquest ofItaly
J. W.Rich 51
5 Partavictoriis pax:Roman emperors as
peacemakers
Philip de Souza 76
6 Treaty-making in LateAntiquity
A.D.Lee 107
7 Byzantine diplomacy: good faith, trust and
co-operation ininternational relations in Late
Antiquity
Michael Whitby 120
8 Treaties between Byzantium and theIslamicworld
Catherine Holmes 141
9 Siegeconventions inWestern Europe and
theLatin East
John France 158
v
vi Contents
10 Paying the Danegeld:Anglo-Saxon peacemaking
with vikings
Richard Abels 173
11 Peace among equals: war andtreaties in
twelfth-century Europe
Esther Pascua 193
Bibliography 211
Index 233
Contributors
RICHARDABELSisProfessorofHistoryattheUnitedStatesNavalAcad-
emy, Annapolis. He is the author of several works on Early English
history, including Lordship and Military Obligation in Anglo-Saxon
England (1988) and Alfred the Great: War, Kingship and Culture in
Anglo-Saxon England (1998).
PHILIPDESOUZAisLecturerinClassicsatUniversityCollegeDublin.He
istheauthorofseveralbooksonancienthistory,includingPiracyinthe
Graeco-RomanWorld(1999),ThePeloponnesianWar431–404BC(2002)
andTheGreekandPersianWars499–386BC(2003).Hislatestbook,on
Ancient Naval Warfare,willbe published shortly.
JOHN FRANCE is Professor of History at Swansea University. His many
publicationsonmedievalhistoryincludeVictoryintheEast:aMilitary
History of the First Crusade (1994), Western Warfare in the Age of the
Crusades 1000–1300 (1999) and The Crusades and the Expansion of
Europe (2005).
CATHERINE HOLMES is a Fellow of University College, Oxford. She has
publishedseveralworksonByzantinehistory,includingBasilIIandthe
Governance of Empire976–1025 (2005).
A.D.LEEisSeniorLecturerinClassicsattheUniversityofNottingham.
His publications include Information and Frontiers: Roman Foreign
RelationsinLateAntiquity(1993),PagansandChristiansinLateAntiq-
uity: A Sourcebook (2000) and contributions to The Cambridge Ancient
History vol. XIV(2000).
ESTHERPASCUAisLecturerinMedievalHistoryatStAndrew(cid:2)sUniver-
sity. She has published several works on medieval history, including
Guerra y Pacto en el Siglo XII (1996) and Beyond the Market: Trans-
actions, Property and Social Networks in Monastic Galicia, 1200–1300
(with R. Pastor, A. Rodrı´guez and P. Sa´nchez-Leo´n, 2002).
vii
viii Contributors
P.J.RHODESisProfessorEmeritusofAncientHistoryattheUniversityof
Durham. He is the author of many books on Greek history, including
TheAthenianBoule(1972),ACommentaryontheAristotelianAthenaion
Politeia (1981), The Decrees of the Greek States (with D. M. Lewis,
1997),GreekHistoricalInscriptions(withR.Osborne,2003)andAHis-
toryof the Classical Greek World478–323BC(2006).
JOHNW.RICHisReaderinClassicsattheUniversityofNottingham.Heis
theauthorofseveralworksonRomanhistory,includingDeclaringWar
intheRomanRepublic(1976)andCassiusDio:TheAugustanSettlement
(1990). With G. Shipley he has edited War and Society in the Greek
World(1993)andWarandSocietyintheRomanWorld(1993).Hislatest
book, on War, Expansion and Society in Early Rome, will be published
shortly.
EDUARD RUNG lectures at Kazan State University, Russia. He is the
author of a book in Russian on Greek and Persian relations in the fifth
centuryBCandhascontributedtoseveralcollectionsofessaysonancient
history.
MICHAEL WHITBY is Professor of Classics at the University of Warwick.
His numerous publications include The Emperor Maurice and His
Historian: Theophylact Simocatta on Persian and Balkan Warfare
(1988) and an annotated translation of The Ecclesiastical History of
Evagrius Scholasticus (2000). He contributed to and jointly edited The
Cambridge Ancient History, vol. XIV: AD 425–600 (with A. M. Cameron
and J. B. Ward-Perkins, 2000). He has also contributed to and jointly
edited The Cambridge History of Ancient Warfare (with P. Sabin and
H.vanWees, 2007).