Waiver of Moral Rights in Visual Artworks

356 Pages·2016·11.47 MB·English

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WAIVER OF

MORAL RIGHTS

IN VISUAL ARTWORKS

MARCH I, 1996
FINAL REPORT OF THE

REGISTER OF COPYRIGHTS

0
~-'
The Registtt of Cop:mghts
otth~
Lnit~ Sut" oi Anwnca
l1bruy ot Congres
~rt?Mnt 17'
\\'ash1ngton. DC 20540 12021 :W-8350
March 1. 1996
Dear Mr. Prcsidcm:
I am pieascd to present the repor. on the effect of the waiver provisions
of the Visual Artists' Rights Act of 1990. which in a new Section 106A gives to anisU
of cenain works the rights of attribution. inlqrity. and where the wort of art is om of
recognized swure. the right to prevem its dcsauction.
Our study included plbcriDg information about the use and effect of the
waiver provisions at a public beariD& u well u from an extemiw survey. 'Ibis report
reflects our findings and recommendlliom, which unfonumlely, because of tbe lick of
knowledae of die waiver provisions by anises and purcllllen. u well u landlords of
buildinp. are somewhat inconclusiw.
Tbe llomnble Albert Gore. Jr.
Presidelll of die ~
5212. U.S. Capilol
Wm"-°' D.C. 20510
UM gfAT. 5132 PUBIJC LAW 101-e&o-DBC. l, 1990
* * * * * * * *
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Th~ Rf'glsttt oi Copynghts
oi th~
L nitfd SUtes ot Amenca
l1bral'\" oi C\>ng?'ftS
Oe~~nt17
Washington.DC :'.0540
March 1. 1996
Dear Mr. Speaker:
I am pleased to prescot the repon on the effect of the waiver previsions
of the Visual Artists' Rights Act of 1990, which in a new Section 106A gives to artists
of cenain worts the rights of anribution. inlegrity. and where the work of an is one of
recognized stature. the right to prevem its desauction.
Our study included plberiDg information about die use and effect of die
waiver provisions at a public beariD& u well as from an extensive survey. 1bis report
reflecu our findings and recommendatiom. which unfowly. because of the lack of
knowlcdp of die waiver provisioal by anises and pwdmen. u well u landlords of
buildinp. ue somewbll incoDclusiw.
J:i:.
Sincerely.
l~
Resister of Copyriala
1be R~ Nt!WI! Giapich
SpeaW of die HOim of lteplc•Nlriws
2428 Rayburn Row Office BuiJclq
Wubiapm. D.C. 20515-1006
104 STAT. 5132 PUBUC LAW 101-6&0 DEC. l, 1990
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lT U9C lOIA
WAIVER OF

MORAL RIGHTS

IN VISUAL ARTWORKS

MARCH 1, 1996

FINAL REPORT OF THE

REGISTER OF COPYRIGHTS
L1brary of Congress Catalog1ng-1n-Pub11cat1on Data
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CO!\TRIBlIORS
Marybeth Peters Register of Copyrigl:ts
Marilyn Kretsinger Acting General Counsel
Harriet Oler Assistant Register for Legal Education and Special Projects
Charlotte Douglass Principal Legal Advisor to the General Counsel
Edward Y ambrusic Senior Attorney Advisor. Gffice of the General Counsel
Patricia Sinn Senior Attorney Advisor. Office of the General Counsel
Jennifer Hall Senior Attorney Advisor. Office of the General Counsel
ACKNO\\~EDGEME~"TS
This repon on the impact of the waiver provisions in the 1990 Visual Anists Rights Act
required the assistance of many other people. including:
Allyson Block Sandy Jones Christoper Mohr
Alicia Dyen Libbie Kakales Mamie Muse
Guy Echols Kristine Kwon Denise Prince
Nicole Ettinger Heidi Lamer Andrew Roppel
Mary Jo Fox Carol Mack Carolina Saez
Bruce Haragucb Marylyn Manin Neil Salon
William Jcbram Greg Miller Tania 2.amorsky
We also wish to express our gratitude to the munerous artists, anisu represematives,
aaomeys, law professors and ochers membcn of the an community who helped in the
preparation. distnbution, and completion of the survey, attended the public bearing, and
submitted wriUcD commem.
TABLE OF
CO~IE~IS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
I. The Visual Anists Rights Act of 1990: Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

A. VARA Provisions and Scope of Repon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

B. Earlier Federal Bills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S
C. State Law Models for Protection Moral Rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

1. The European Moral Rights Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

2. Moral Rights in State Statutes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

(a) Preservation Statutes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

(i) California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

(ii) Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

(iii) Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

(iv) Pcnmylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

(b) Anists' Rights Swutes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

(i) Lcuisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

(ii) Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IS
(iii) New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IS
(iv) New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IS
(v) Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

(c) An in Public Buildinp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

D. Preempcion Issues Raised by VARA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

D. Moral Rights in C>dler Counaies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

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A. International Development of Moral Rights: the

Evolution of Berne's Anicle 6 )fil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

8. The Foreign Experience: Statutes and Cases Regarding

Waiver of Moral Rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

1. Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

2. Moral Rights of Visual Anists: IntemationaJ

Survey and Comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

(a) Argentina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

(b) Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

(C) Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

(d) Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

(e) Federal Republic of Gennany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3S
(f) France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

(g) Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

(h) Mexico ................................ 42

(i) Morocco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

G> Netherlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

(k) Nigeria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4S
(I) Singapore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

(m) Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

(D) United Kingdonl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

(o) European Union . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1

c.
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S2
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m. Moral Rigbls in United States Cue Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1
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