Vortex of Conflict: U.S. Policy Toward Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Iraq

404 Pages·2011·2.79 MB·English

by  Dan Caldwell

Vortex of ConfliCt

Vortex of ConfliCt
U.S. Policy Toward Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Iraq
Dan CalDwell
stanford security studies
An Imprint of Stanford University Press
Stanford, California
Stanford University Press
Stanford, California
© 2011 by the Board of Trustees of the Stanford leland Junior University.
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library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Caldwell, Dan (Dan edward), author.
Vortex of conflict : U.S. policy toward afghanistan, Pakistan, and Iraq /
Dan Caldwell.
pages. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
isbn 978-0-8047-7665-3 (cloth : alk. paper) —
isbn 978-0-8047-7666-0 (pbk. : alk. paper)
1. United States—Foreign relations—2001–2009. 2. afghan war, 2001–.
3. Iraq war, 2003–. 4. war on Terrorism, 2001–2009. 5. United States—
Military policy. I. Title.
e902.c34 2011
973.93—dc22
2010045290
Printed in the United States of america on acid-free, archival-quality
paper. Typeset at Stanford University Press in 10/14 Minion.
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To those who have served in
Afghanistan and Iraq and their families,
With appreciation and gratitude

Contents
Preface and acknowledgments xi
Part I HISTory
1 From Cold war to war on Terror 3
2 The United States and Islamic Countries 9
3 afghanistan, Pakistan, and the United States 30
4 Iraq: From Cradle of Civilization to republic of Fear 53
5 The Development of Terrorism, 1991–2001 71
6 The Bush Doctrine 91
Part II ISSUeS
7 assumptions 111
8 Intelligence 127
9 war Plans 153
10 Postwar reconstruction 171
11 Policymaking 189
12 allies 207
13 Strategy 225
Part III ConClUSIon
14 lessons and legacies: Twenty-Six articles 247
aPPenDIxeS
a Maps of afghanistan, Pakistan, Iraq, and the
Middle east region 269
B Chronology 274
Contents
C Bibliography 288
Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and
Counterinsurgency 288
afghanistan and Pakistan 294
The Iraq war 304
notes 335
Index 379
viii
tables
2.1 Shia Population by Country 12
2.2 U.S. Petroleum Imports by Country of origin, 1970–2008 27
3.1 Statistical Profiles of afghanistan and Pakistan, 2010 34
3.2 afghan Mujahideen Groups, leaders, and Supporters 43
3.3 aid requested and received for afghanistan, 1996–99 46
4.1 Statistical Profile of Iraq in 1990 57
5.1 Chronology of al Qaeda attempted and
actual Terrorist acts, 1992–2010 80
10.1 Provisional reconstruction Teams (PrT) in
afghanistan and Iraq 186
12.1 U.S. and Coalition Troop Deployments in Iraq, 2003–9 215
12.2 Percentage of respondents who View the U.S. Positively,
September 2003 221
12.3 International Security assistance Force (ISaF)
Deployments to afghanistan, January 2007,
February 2010, and november 2010 223
ix