Volume 2: Appendices - Water Footprint Network

240 Pages·2004·1.4 MB·English

Water footprints of nations
A.K. Chapagain
A.Y. Hoekstra
Volume 2: Appendices
November 2004
Value of Water Research Report Series No. 16

Water footprints of nations
Volume 2: Appendices
A.K. Chapagain
A.Y. Hoekstra
November 2004
Value of Water Research Report Series No. 16
UNESCO-IHE Delft Contact author:
P.O. Box 3015
2601 DA Delft Arjen Hoekstra
The Netherlands E-mail [email protected]

Value of Water Research Report Series
(Downloadable from http://www.waterfootprint.org)

1. Exploring methods to assess the value of water: A case study on the Zambezi basin.
A.K. Chapagain − February 2000
2. Water value flows: A case study on the Zambezi basin.
A.Y. Hoekstra, H.H.G. Savenije and A.K. Chapagain − March 2000
3. The water value-flow concept.
I.M. Seyam and A.Y. Hoekstra − December 2000
4. The value of irrigation water in Nyanyadzi smallholder irrigation scheme, Zimbabwe.
G.T. Pazvakawambwa and P. van der Zaag – January 2001
5. The economic valuation of water: Principles and methods
J.I. Agudelo – August 2001
6. The economic valuation of water for agriculture: A simple method applied to the eight Zambezi basin countries
J.I. Agudelo and A.Y. Hoekstra – August 2001
7. The value of freshwater wetlands in the Zambezi basin
I.M. Seyam, A.Y. Hoekstra, G.S. Ngabirano and H.H.G. Savenije – August 2001
8. ‘Demand management’ and ‘Water as an economic good’: Paradigms with pitfalls
H.H.G. Savenije and P. van der Zaag – October 2001
9. Why water is not an ordinary economic good
H.H.G. Savenije – October 2001
10. Calculation methods to assess the value of upstream water flows and storage as a function of downstream benefits
I.M. Seyam, A.Y. Hoekstra and H.H.G. Savenije – October 2001
11. Virtual water trade: A quantification of virtual water flows between nations in relation to international crop trade
A.Y. Hoekstra and P.Q. Hung – September 2002
12. Virtual water trade: Proceedings of the international expert meeting on virtual water trade
A.Y. Hoekstra (ed.) – February 2003
13. Virtual water flows between nations in relation to trade in livestock and livestock products
A.K. Chapagain and A.Y. Hoekstra – July 2003
14. The water needed to have the Dutch drink coffee
A.K. Chapagain and A.Y. Hoekstra – August 2003
15. The water needed to have the Dutch drink tea
A.K. Chapagain and A.Y. Hoekstra – August 2003
16. Water footprints of nations
Volume 1: Main Report, Volume 2: Appendices
A.K. Chapagain and A.Y. Hoekstra – November 2004

Acknowledgement

This work has been sponsored by the National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM),
Bilthoven, the Netherlands.

Contents

I. Symbols
II. Data availability for the countries of the world
III. List of primary crops in FAOSTAT
IV. Global trade volumes, trade values and average world market prices of crop and livestock products in
the period 1997-2001
V. Population, gross national income, arable land, renewable water resources and water withdrawals per
country (averages over the period 1997-2001)
VI. Crop parameters per climatic region
VII. Average crop yield (hg/ha) per country (1997-2001)
VIII. Average crop production (ton/yr) per country (1997-2001)
IX. Selected set of product trees for crop and livestock products
X. Product fractions and value fractions of crop and livestock products
XI. Reference evapotranspiration per country (mm/day)
XII. Crop water requirement per crop per country (mm/crop period)
XIII. Virtual water content of primary crops per country (m3/ton)
XIV. Volume of water (m3/yr) used for crop production per crop per country (1997-2001)
XV. Global average virtual water content of primary crops (m3/ton)
XVI. Virtual water content of crop and livestock products for some selected countries (1997-2001)
XVII. Virtual water content of industrial products and virtual water flows related to the trade of industrial
products (1997-2001)
XVIII. Virtual water flows per country related to international trade of crop, livestock and industrial products
(1997-2001)
XIX. International virtual water flows by product (1997-2001)
XX. Water footprints of nations
XXI. Water footprint versus water scarcity, self-sufficiency and water import dependency per country
XXII. Overview of extensions and refinements with respect to earlier studies
XXIII. Glossary

Appendix I. Symbols

Symbol Unit Description
AWU m3/yr Agricultural water use (crop evapotranspiration) in a country
CWR[c] m3/ha Crop water requirement of crop c per crop period
CWU[c] m3/yr Crop water use in order to produce a particular crop c in a country
DWW m3/yr Domestic water withdrawal in a country
ET[d] mm/day Reference evapotranspiration in a country in day d
0
ET[c,d] mm/day Crop evapotranspiration of a crop c in day d
c
EWFP m3/yr External water footprint of a country
IWFP m3/yr Internal water footprint of a country
IWW m3/yr Industrial water withdrawal in a country
K[c,d] - Crop coefficient of a crop c in day d in a country
c
NVWI m3/yr Net virtual water import of a country
pf[p] ton/ton Product fraction of product p
Production[c] ton/yr Production of crop c in a country
PWR[a] m3/ton Process water requirement per ton of live animal a
PWR[c] m3/ton Process water requirement per ton of primary crop c
vf[p] - Value fraction of product p
VWC m3/ton or m3/US$ Virtual water content of a product
VWC[a] m3/ton Virtual water content of live animal a
VWC m3/US$ Global average virtual water content of a product
g
VWE m3/yr Total virtual water export from a country
VWE m3/yr Virtual water export from a country insofar related to export of domestically
dom
produced products
VWE m3/yr Virtual water export from a country insofar related to re-export of imported
re-export
products
VWI m3/yr Virtual water import into a country
W[a] ton Weight of animal a at the end of its life span
W[c] ton Weight of primary crop c
W[p] ton Weight of primary product p
p
WA m3/yr Water availability in a country
WD % Water import dependency of a country
WFP m3/yr Water footprint of a country
WFP m3/cap/yr Average water footprint per capita in a country
pc
WS % Water scarcity in a country
WSS % Water self-sufficiency of a country
Yield[c] ton/ha Yield of crop c in a country

Dimension Number of elements Description Size Remarks
a [1, n ] Kinds of animal n = 8 See Section 3.2
a a
c [1, n] Primary crop types n=164 See Appendix III
c c
e [1, n ] Countries n = 243 See Appendix II
e e
p [1, n ] Crop and livestock products n = 408 See Appendix IV
p p

Appendix I – 1
Appendix I – 2