Voice and Articulation , Fifth Edition

436 Pages·2011·11.5 MB·English

by  Kenneth C. Crannell

INTERNATIONAL PHONETIC ALPHABET
Vowels as in Diphthongs Consonants Consonant Cognates
/i/ “see /aɪ/ “ice” /p/ “put” /b/ “bad”
/ɪ/ “bit” /aU/ “house” /t/ “take” /d/ “day”
/e/ “make” /ɔɪ/ “boy” /k/ “cake” /g/ “gun”
/ɛ/ “met” /ju/ “you” /tʃ/ “chain” /ʤ/ “joint”
/æ/ “cat” /ɪu/ “new” /f/ “fun” /v/ “vine”
/a/ “half” /θ/ “thing” /ð/ “them”
/ɝ/ “her” /h/ “hop”
/ɚ/ “after” /ʍ/ “while”
/ɜ/ “bird” /s/ “save” /z/ “zoo”
/ʌ/ “cut” /ʃ/ “shape” /ʒ/ “treasure”
/ə/ “about” /l/ “leg”
/u/ “true” /r/ “red”
/U/ “put” /w/ “way”
/o/ “go” /j/ “yet”
/ɔ/ “law” /m/ “mitt”
/ɒ/ “walnut” /n/ “no”
/ɑ/ “father” /ŋ/ “ring”
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V
oice and
A
rticulation
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Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
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F I F T H E D I T I O N
V
oice and
A
rticulation
Kenneth C. Crannell, sr.
Emerson College
Professor Emeritus and Crannell Consulting
Australia • Brazil • Japan • Korea • Mexico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States
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Voice and Articulation, Fifth Edition © 2012, 2000, 1997 Wadsworth Cengage Learning
Kenneth C. Crannell, Sr., Professor Emeritus
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Speech is a mirror of the soul:
As a man* speaks, so is he.
—PUBLILIUS SYRUS, Maxim MLXXIII
*also a woman!
—KCC, MCMXCIX
Dedication to
“Pop-Pop” and “Ma” “Ed” and “Louise”
“Jack” and Bill Ed III and Judy
and “Doris Iora”
Patricia
Chuck and Martha Tracy and Paul
Allison and Elizabeth
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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Contents
Preface ix
I Voice
1
3 The Voice 34
1 Motivation and Expectation 3
Structure of the Larynx 35
Habit and Nature 4
Sound Production 39
Communication Apprehension 6
Listening 8
Prepare . . . Prepare . . . Prepare 8 4 Vocal Relaxation 43
Stages of Development 8
Open Throat 44
Vocal and Verbal Recidivism 10
Exercises for Overly Open Throat 46
Visualization 11
Exercises for Nasal Resonance 48
Negative Practice 11
Projection 52
Appropriateness 12
Exercises for Projection 53
Exercises for the Record 12
Pitch 57
Exercises for Optimum Pitch 59
2 Breathing 18
Types of Breathing 19 5 Common Voice Problems 61
The Anatomy of Respiration 19
Velar Problems 61
Making Use of a Natural Process 21
Exercises for Eliminating Denasality 65
The Pathway of Breath 22
Assimilation Nasality 66
Visualizing Respiration 23
Exercises for Eliminating Excessive
Diaphragmatic Breathing for Speech 25
Assimilation Nasality 67
Exercises for Diaphragmatic Breathing
Excessive Vocal Tension 70
and Control 25
Exercises for Eliminating Glottal Shock
Exercises for Breath Control 27
or Glottal Stop 71
Breathiness 30
Exercises for Glottal Shock 72
Exercises for Breathiness 31
Exercises for Eliminating Vocal Fry 73
II Speech
81
6 The Production of Vowels 83 Central Vowels 98
Sense Stimuli 84 /ɝ/, Exercises 99
Articulation 84 /ɚ/, Exercises 100
Vowels 85 /ɜ/, Exercises 103
Front Vowels 88 /ʌ/, Exercises 103
/i/, Exercises 88 /ə/, Exercises 105
/i/, Exercises 90 Back Vowels 109
/e/, Exercises 91 /u/, Exercises 109
/ɛ/, Exercises 93 /u/, Exercises 110
/æ/, Exercises 95 /o/, Exercises 112
Review of Front Vowels 96 /ɔ/, Exercises 113
/a/, Exercises 97
vi
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