Table Of ContentVISUAL LANGUAGES
AND APPLICATIONS
LANGUAGES AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Series Editor: Shi-Kuo Chang
University of Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
and Knowledge Systems Institute
Skokie, Illinois
'Series was formerly entitled
MANAGEMENT AND INFORMA TION SYSTEMS
LANGUAGES FOR AUTOMATION
Edited by Shi-Kuo Chang
MANAGEMENT AND OFFICE INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Edited by Shi-Kuo Chang
VISUAL LANGUAGES
Edited by Shi-Kuo Chang, Tadao Ichikawa, and Panos A. Ligomenides
VISUAL LANGUAGES AND APPLICATIONS
Edited by Tadao Ichikawa, Erland Jungert, and Robert R. Korfhage
VISUAL LANGUAGES AND VISUAL PROGRAMMING
Edited by Shi-Kuo Chang
A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring delivery of each new
volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon actual shipment. For further informa
tion please contact the publisher.
VISUAL LANGUAGES
AND APPLICATIONS
Edited by
Tadao Ichikawa
Hiroshima University
Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
J
Erland ungert
Swedish Deftnce Research Establishment
LinkOping, Sweden
and
Robert R. Korfhage
University of Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
PLENUM PRESS. NEW YORK AND LONDON
Library of Congress Cataloglng-In-Publlcatlon Data
Visual languages and applications I edited by Tadao Ichikawa, Erland
~ungert, and Robert R. Korfhage.
p. ca. -- (Languages and Information systems)
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN-J3: 978-1-4612-7871-9 e-ISBN-J3: 978-1-4613-0569-9
001: 10 .1007/978-1-4613-0569-9
1. Visual program.lng languages (Computer science) 2. Visual
programming (Computer sclence) I. Ichikawa, Tadao. II. ~ungert,
Erland. III. Korfhage, Robert R. IV. Series.
QA7S.S5.V56 1990
00S.S'S--dc20 90-35433
CIP
© 1990 Plenum Press, New York
A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation
233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y. 10013
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1990
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfllming,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
CONTRIBUTORS
ALLEN L. AMBLER • Department <if Computer Science, University <if Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
66045
ENRICO BARICHELLA • GMSVP-Gruppo Medico Sistemistico di Via Pace, Milan, Italy
MAURIZIO BERETTA. GMSVP-Gruppo Medico Sistemistico di Via Pace, Milan, Italy
DAVE BRIDGELAND • Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Microelectronics and Computer Technology
Corporation, Austin, Texas 78701
SHI-KUO CHANG • Department <if Computer Science, University <if Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania 15260
WILFRED CHEN • Computer Science Department, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
DONALD B. CROUCH • Department <if Computer Science, University <if Minnesota-Duluth,
Duluth, Minnesota 55812
NICOLA DIOGUARDI • Institute <if Internal Medicine, University <if Milan, Milan, Italy
ROBERT DUISBERG • Computer Research Laboratory, Tektronix, Inc., Seattle, Washington, Present
affiliation: School <if Music, University <if Washington, Seattle, Washington 98191
JOHN FIELD • Computer Science Department, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
MICHAEL L. GRAF • MCC Sqfiware Technology Program and NCR Corporation, Austin, Texas
78759
ESA HELT TULA • Department <if Computer Scimce, University <if Tampere, S-F33101, Tampere,
Finland
M. HIRAKAWA • Faculty <if Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 724, Japan
CHARLES E. HUGHES • Computer Science Department, University <if Central Florida, Orlando,
Florida 32816
AULIKKI HYRSKYKARI • Department <if Computer Science, University <if Tampere, S-F33101,
Tampere, Finland
T. ICHIKAWA. Faculty <if Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 724, Japan
ERLAND JUNGERT • Swedish Difense Research Establishment, S-58111 Linkiiping, Sweden
ROBERT R. KORFHAGE • Department <if Information Science, University <if Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania 15260
DEXTER KOZEN • Computer Science Department, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
TIMOTHY C. LETHBRIDGE • Department <if Computer Science, University <if Ottawa, Ottawa,
Ontario, Canada KIN 6N5
KAZUO MATSUMURA. Systems & Soljtware Engineering Laboratory, Toshiba Corporation,
Kawasaki 210, Japan
FANYA S. MONTALVO. DEC Cambridge Research Lab, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
J. MICHAEL MOSHELL • Computer Science Department, University <if Central Florida, Orl.'lTlfio,
Florida 32816
v
vi CONTRIBUTORS
MARK A. MUSEN • Medical Computer Science Group, Knowledge Systems Laboratory, Stanford
Universiry School d Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5479
PIERO MUSSIO • Department d Physics, Universiry d Milan, Milan, Itary
MARCO PADULA. CNR-SIAM, Milan, Itary
MAURIZIO PIETROGRANDE • Institute d Internal Medicine, Universiry d Milan, Milan, Itary
MARCO PROTT! • Department d Physics, Universiry d Milan, Milan, Itary
WILLIAM PUGH • Computer Science Department, Cornell Universiry, Ithaca, New York 14853
KARI-JOUKO RAIHA • Department d Computer Science, Universiry d Tampere, Tampere, Finland
DAVID N. SMITH • IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598
M. TANAKA • Faculry d Engineering, Hiroshima Universiry, Higashi-Hiroshima 724, Japan
SHUICHI TAYAMA • Design Center, Toshiba Corporation, Tokyo 105, Japan
TIM TEITELBAUM • Computer Science Department, Cornell Universiry, Ithaca, New York 14853
BRAD VANDER ZANDEN • Computer Science Department, Cornell Universiry, Ithaca, New York
14853
COLIN WARE. School d Computer Science, Universiry of New Brunswick, Fredericton,
New Brunswick, Canada E3B 5A3
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION 1
PART I
THEORY
l. DIAGRAM UNDERSTANDING: THE SYMBOLIC DESCRIP
TIONS BEHIND THE SCENES Fanya S. Montalvo 5
PART II
DESIGN SYSTEMS
2. THE INTERFACE CONSTRUCTION SET David N. Smith 31
3. A VISUAL ENVIRONMENT FOR THE DESIGN OF DIS
TRIBUTED SYSTEMS Michael L. Graf 53
4. GENERATION OF VISUAL LANGUAGES FOR DEVELOPMENT
OF KNOWLEDGE-BASED SYSTEMS Mark A. Musen 69
PART III
VISUAL PROGRAMMING
5. VISUAL MAN-MACHINE INTERFACE FOR PROGRAM
DESIGN AND PRODUCTION Kazuo Matsumura and Shuichi
Tayama 99
6. HI-VISUAL ICONIC PROGRAMMING ENVIRONMENT
M. Hirakawa, M. Tanaka, and T. Ichikawa 121
7. ALEX-AN ALEXICAL PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE Dexter
Kazen, Tim Teitelbaum, Wilfred Chen, John Field, William Pugh, and Brad
Vander Zanden 147
PART IV
ALGORITHM ANIMATION
B. VISUAL PROGRAMMING OF PROGRAM VISUALIZATIONS:
A GESTURAL INTERFACE FOR ANIMATING ALGORITHMS
Robert Duuberg 161
ix
x CONTENTS
9. PRINCIPLES OF ALADDIN AND OTHER ALGORITHM ANIMA
TION SYSTEMS Esa Helttula, Aulikki Hyrskykari, and Kari-Jouko
Riiihii 175
PART V
SIMULATION ANIMATION
10. SIMULACRUM: A SYSTEM BEHAVIOR EXAMPLE EDITOR
Dave Bridgeland 191
11. ACTION GRAPHICS: A SPREADSHEET-BASED LANGUAGE
FOR ANIMATED SIMULATION Charles E. Hughes and J. Michael
Moshell 203
12. ANIMATION USING BEHAVIOR FUNCTIONS Timothy C.
Lethbridge and Colin Ware 237
PART VI
APPLICATIONS
13. A VISUAL ENVIRONMENT FOR LIVER SIMULATION
STUDIES Enrico Barichella, Mauri;:.io Beretta, Nicola Dioguardi, Piero
Mussio, Marco Padula, Mauri;:.io Pietrogrande, and Marco Protti 255
14. A SPATIAL KNOWLEDGE STRUCTURE FOR VISUAL INFOR
MATION SYSTEMS Shi-Kuo Chang and Erland Jungert 277
15. THE USE OF VISUAL REPRESENTATIONS IN INFORMATION
RETRIEVAL APPLICATIONS Donald B. Crouch and Robert R.
Korfhage 305
16. GENERALIZING THE SHEET LANGUAGE PARADIGM Allen L.
Ambler 327
Epilogue 347
INDEX 349
VISUAL LANGUAGES
AND APPLICATIONS
