Visual C# Game Programming for Teens

463 Pages·2011·7.924 MB·English

by  Jonathan S. Harbour

Visual C# Game
Programming for
Teens
Jonathan S. Harbour
Course Technology PTR
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PrintedbyRRDonnelley.Crawfordsville,IN.1stPtg.03/2011
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 13 12 11
This book is dedicated to Roy and Janice Harbour
Acknowledgments
AbigthankyouonceagaintoEmiSmith,JennyDavidson,andJoshuaSmithfor
— ’
another great book I think we make a good team, and I couldnt have done it
withoutyou!Thisbookwasaveryenjoyableprojectduetothesubjectmatter,and
fl
Iwasthrilled tohavetheopportunitytowrite it.Itrusttheendresultre ectsthe
attention that went into it.
Thanks to Jennifer and our children, Jeremiah, Kayleigh, Kaitlyn, and Kourtney,
for bringing such joy to my life!
IamagaingratefultoEdenCelesteforsharinghertalenttoproducethecoverart
andtheconceptdrawingsoftheheroandmonstergamecharacters.Seeherwork
at www.edenceleste.com.
Thanks again to Reiner Prokein for his sprite artwork, which made the examples
in this book possible. The game artwork is all from his free resources at
www.reinerstileset.de.
About the Author
Jonathan S. Harbour has been programming video games since the 1980s. His
fi fl
rst game system was an Atari 2600, which he disassembled on the oor of his
roomasakid.HehaswrittenonnumeroussubjectssuchasC++,C#,Basic,Java,
DirectX,Allegro,Lua,DarkBasic,PocketPC,andgameconsoles.Heistheauthor
of the recent books Beginning Java SE 6 Game Programming, Third Edition;
Visual Basic Game Programming for Teens, Third Edition; XNA Game Studio 4.0
for Xbox 360 Developers; and Multi-Threaded Game Engine Design. He holds a
’
masters degree in Information Systems Management. Visit his web log and
game-development forum at www.jharbour.com.
Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii
PART I DUNGEON PREREQUISITES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Chapter 1 Welcome to the Dungeon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Game Programming Is an Art. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Getting Your Feet Wet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
On Programming Languages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Let Your Creativity Fly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
On Creativity, Talent, and Hard Work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
The Sky’s the Limit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Learn the Tricks of the Trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Taking a Look at Dungeon Crawler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Building a Role-Playing Game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
The Dungeon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Describing the Player’s Character. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Adventure Game or Dungeon Crawler? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Level Up!. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Chapter 2 Drawing Shapes and Bitmaps with GDI+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Drawing Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
PictureBox Is Our Friend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Surfaces and Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
4D Programming with a Timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
vi
Contents vii
Drawing Rectangles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Drawing Text. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Dissecting Bitmaps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Loading a Bitmap File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Drawing a Bitmap. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Rotating and Flipping a Bitmap. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Accessing Bitmap Pixels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Creating a Reusable Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Game Class Constructor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Game Class Destructor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Bitmap Loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Game Updates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Framework Demo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Level Up!. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Chapter 3 Sprites and Real-Time Animation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
What Is a Sprite? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Animating a Sprite. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Sprite Animation Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Creating a Sprite Class. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Sprite Drawing Demo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Improving the Game Class. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Form1 Source Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Adding a Real-Time Game Loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Gameplay Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Level Up!. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Chapter 4 Collision Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Reacting to Solid Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Rectangle Intersection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Collision Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Archery Game (Collision Demo) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Sprite Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Game Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Form1 Class. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Level Up!. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
viii Contents
Chapter 5 Playing Sound Effects and Music . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Programming Audio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Loading and Playing Audio Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Using Audio Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Built-In System Sounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
The Audio Playback Demo Program. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Using Windows Media Player . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Referencing the Media Player . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Playing MP3 and MIDI Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Level Up!. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
PART II BUILDING THE DUNGEON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Chapter 6 Creating the Dungeon Editor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Level Editor Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Tile Properties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Using the Level Editor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Building the Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Importance of the Tile Palette. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Quick Jaunt through the Sources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Level Up!. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
Chapter 7 Rendering a Dungeon Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Mapping the Dungeon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Tile-Based Dungeon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Loading and Drawing Level Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Introduction to Tiled Scrolling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Constructing the Tiled Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Tile Buffer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Stepping Stones of the World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
Tile Rendering Theory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
Per-Tile Scrolling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Full-Tile Scrolling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Full-Tile Smooth Scrolling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Sub-Tile Scrolling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Sub-Tile Scrolling Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Drawing the Scroll Buffer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Contents ix
Aligning Tiles to the Scroll Buffer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Sub-Tile Scroll Buffering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Sub-Tile Smooth Scrolling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Level Up!. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Chapter 8 Adding Objects to the Dungeon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Adding Objects to the Game World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
A New Game Loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
New Level Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Adding Trees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Adding an Animated Character . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Level Up!. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Chapter 9 Going Deeper into the Dungeon with Portals . . . . . . . . 205
Updating the Level Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
It’s a Data-Driven Game World. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
Creating a Portal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Teleporting to Another Dimension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
Looking for Tile Collisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
Secret Doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
Portal Demo Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Level Up!. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
PART III EXPLORING THE DUNGEON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
Chapter 10 Creating Characters and Monsters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Character Classes and Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
Gaining Experience and Leveling Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
The Base Character Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
Peasants as NPCs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
The Monster Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
The Character Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
Loading Character Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
The Character Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244