Vision and Goal-Directed Movement: Neurobehavioral Perspectives

456 Pages·2010·9.965 MB·English

by  Digby Elliott, Michael Khan

Vision  

and
Goal-directed 
MoVeMent
Neurobehavioral Perspectives
editors
digby elliott, Phd
Liverpool John Moores University
Michael a. Khan, Phd
Bangor University
Human Kinetics
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Vision and goal-directed movement : neurobehavioral perspectives / Digby Elliott,
Michael A. Khan, editors.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13: 978-0-7360-7475-9 (print)
ISBN-10: 0-7360-7475-9 (print)
1. Perceptual-motor processes. 2. Motion perception (Vision) 3. Visual
perception. I. Elliott, Digby, 1950- II. Khan, Michael A., 1966-
[DNLM: 1. Motor Activity--physiology. 2. Goals. 3. Intention.
4. Psychomotor Performance--physiology. 5. Visual Perception--physiology.
WE 103 V831 2010]
BF295.V567 2010
152.3'5--dc22
2009036255
ISBN-10: 0-7360-7475-9 (print)
ISBN-13: 978-0-7360-7475-9 (print)
Copyright © 2010 by Digby Elliott and Michael A. Khan
All rights reserved. Except for use in a review, the reproduction or utilization of this work in
any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented,
including xerography, photocopying, and recording, and in any information storage and
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E4488
contents
Contributors  ix  •  Preface  xiii
Part I: a Behavioral approach
to Vision and Goal-Directed Movement 1
chapter 1  The Legacy of R.S. Woodworth:
The Two-Component Model Revisited. . . . .5
  Digby Elliott, Steve Hansen, and Lawrence E.M. Grierson
The Early Two-Component Model............................................5
Alternative Explanations of Speed–Accuracy Relationships .......................7
The Optimized Submovement Model .........................................9
Kinematic Evidence for Current Control......................................11
How Ballistic Is the Initial Adjustment? .....................................13
Two Types of Current Control..............................................15
The Two-Component Model Revisited........................................17
Future Directions........................................................18
chapter 2  The Optimization of Speed, Accuracy,
and Energy in Goal-Directed Aiming . . . . 21
  Digby Elliott, Steve Hansen, and Michael A. Khan
Practice and Goal-Directed Aiming .........................................22
Individual Aiming Trajectories .............................................22
Within-Performer Spatial Variability ........................................27
Do Early Events Predict Late Events? .......................................33
Lessons From the Serial Reaction Time Literature ..............................34
Optimizing Energy Expenditure and the Cost of an Error........................35
Conclusions and Future Directions..........................................37
iii
iv Contents
chapter 3  Visual Selective Attention and Action . . . 39
  Timothy N. Welsh and Daniel J. Weeks
Attention ..............................................................39
Action-Centered Selective Attention.........................................44
Summary and Future Directions............................................58
chapter 4  Vision and Movement Planning . . . . . . . 59
  J. Greg Anson, Rachel Burgess, and Rebekah L. Scott
Two Visual Systems......................................................60
Vision and Movement Planning: Behavioral Perspectives ........................62
Vision and Movement Planning in Nonhuman Primates ........................65
Vision, Movement Planning, and Memory....................................68
Memory-Guided Reaching.................................................68
Memory Mechanisms and Planning.........................................71
Precuing, Memory, and Movement Planning..................................73
Summary and Future Directions............................................77
chapter 5  Memory-Guided Reaching:
What the Visuomotor System Knows
and How Long It Knows It . . . . . . . . . . 79
  Matthew Heath, Kristina A. Neely, Olav Krigolson,  
and Gordon Binsted
The Temporal Durability of Stored Target Information...........................80
Visual Awareness and the Evocation of Visually Guided  
and Memory-Guided Reaches............................................82
Visual Coordinates or a Fully Specified Movement Plan .........................87
Memory-Guided Reaches and the Relationship Between End-Point Error  
and Corticomotor Potentials.............................................93
Conclusions and Future Directions..........................................95
chapter 6  The Preparation and Control
of Multiple-Target Aiming Movements . . . 97
  Michael A. Khan, Werner F. Helsen, and Ian M. Franks
The Influence of Response Complexity on Reaction Time.........................98
Online Programming Hypothesis ..........................................101
Movement Integration...................................................103
Planning and Movement Integration .......................................108
Future Directions.......................................................110
Contents v
chapter 7  Rapid Regulation of Limb Trajectories:
Response to Perturbation . . . . . . . . . . 113
  Steve Hansen, Lawrence E.M. Grierson, Michael A. Khan,  
and Digby Elliott
Visual Occlusion .......................................................115
Physically Changing the Target............................................119
Visual Illusions ........................................................122
Changing the Visual Context .............................................124
Deceiving the Control Processes ...........................................126
Online Perturbations....................................................127
Manipulating Certainty of the Visual Environment............................128
Future Directions.......................................................131
chapter 8  Visual Field Asymmetries in the
Control of Target-Directed Movements. 133
  Michael A. Khan and Gordon Binsted
Peripheral Vision Versus Central Vision.....................................134
Upper Visual Field Versus Lower Visual Field ................................142
Conclusions and Future Directions.........................................145
Part II: Sensory and Neural Systems
for Vision and action 147
chapter 9  Prediction in Ocular Pursuit. . . . . . . . 149
  Simon J. Bennett and Graham R. Barnes
Gaze-Orienting Eye Movements...........................................150
Prediction in Ocular Pursuit..............................................152
Onset of Anticipatory Smooth Pursuit......................................153
Anticipatory Smooth Pursuit During Transient Occlusion......................155
Predictive Smooth Pursuit During Transient Occlusion ........................159
Coordination Between Smooth Pursuit and Saccades...........................163
Model of Ocular Pursuit .................................................166
Neural Pathways for Ocular Pursuit .......................................170
Neural Pathways for Ocular Pursuit During Transient Occlusion................171
Pursuit Against a Background: Suppression of the Optokinetic Reflex .............173
Oculomanual Pursuit ...................................................175
Summary and Future Directions...........................................176
vi Contents
chapter 10  Oculomotor Contributions
to Reaching: Close Is Good Enough. . . . 177
  Gordon Binsted, Kyle Brownell, Tyler Rolheiser, and Matthew Heath
Common Anatomies, Divergent Functions...................................178
Eye–Hand Coupling Behavior.............................................180
Frames of Reference Hypothesis............................................182
Common Command Hypothesis ...........................................185
Afferent Information Hypothesis...........................................186
Strategy Hypothesis.....................................................189
Conclusions: Close Is Good Enough ........................................190
Future Directions.......................................................191
chapter 11  Eye–Hand Coordination in
Goal-Directed Action: Normal
and Pathological Functioning . . . . . . 193
  Werner F. Helsen, Peter Feys, Elke Heremans, and Ann Lavrysen
Retinal Versus Extraretinal Information.....................................194
Visuomotor Control in Normal Functioning..................................195
Summary of Visuomotor Control in Normal Functioning .......................205
Visuomotor Control in Cerebellar Pathology..................................206
Summary of Visuomotor Control in Cerebellar Pathology .......................215
Conclusions and Future Directions.........................................215
chapter 12  Lateralization
of Goal-Directed Movement . . . . . . . . 219
  Robert L. Sainburg
Neural Lateralization....................................................220
Motor Lateralization ....................................................220
Biological Correlates of Handedness ........................................224
Neurobehavioral Processes Lateralized in Handedness..........................225
Conclusions ...........................................................235
Future Directions.......................................................237
chapter 13  Visual Illusions and Action. . . . . . . . . 239
  David A. Westwood
Historical Context: Perception and Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .240
Visual Illusions as a Tool for Studying Perception and Action in the Intact Brain ....243
Illusions and Action: Emerging Themes and Issues ............................246
Future Directions.......................................................259
Contents vii
chapter 14  Two Visual Streams:
Neuropsychological Evidence . . . . . . . 265
  David P. Carey
Two Visual Pathways in the Cerebral Cortex .................................265
Early Arguments Against the Milner and Goodale Account .....................266
Double Dissociations in Perception and Action ...............................269
Later Controversies: Diagnosing Optic Ataxia................................271
Summary and Future Directions...........................................276
Part III: Learning, Development, and application 279
chapter 15  Visual Information in the Acquisition
of Goal-Directed Action. . . . . . . . . . . 281
  Luc Tremblay
Background ...........................................................282
Utilization of Multisensory Information.....................................283
Attention and Performance...............................................284
Individual Differences in Utilization of Sensory Information ....................285
Modulating the Utilization of Sensory Information Does Not Require  
Physical Practice.....................................................287
Utilization of Sensory Information as a Function of Practice.....................288
Conclusions and Future Directions.........................................289
chapter 16  Early Development of
the Use of Visual Information
for Action and Perception . . . . . . . . . 293
  Margot van Wermeskerken, John van der Kamp,  
and Geert J.P. Savelsbergh
Ecological Approach to Perception .........................................295
Two Visual Systems.....................................................297
Development of the Use of Visual Information for Action and Perception in Infancy..301
Conclusions and Future Directions.........................................312
chapter 17  Motor Learning Through Observation. . 315
  Dana Maslovat, Spencer Hayes, Robert R. Horn,  
and Nicola J. Hodges
Cognitive Mediated Learning .............................................316
Visuomotor Coupling and Direct Learning...................................318
Visual Perception Perspective .............................................323
viii Contents
Task Characteristics.....................................................327
Conclusions and Future Directions.........................................337
chapter 18  Optimizing Performance
Through Work Space Design . . . . . . . . 341
  James L. Lyons
A Little History ........................................................341
Human–Machine System ................................................345
Newer Issues and Future Directions........................................355
References  359  •  Index  425  •  About the Editors  439
contributors
J. Greg anson
School of Physical Education, University of Otago
Graham r. Barnes
Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester
simon J. Bennett
School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University
Gordon Binsted
Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia
Kyle Brownell
College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan
rachel Burgess
School of Physical Education, University of Otago
david P. carey
School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen
digby elliott
School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University
Peter Feys
Department of Biomedical Kinesiology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
& REVAL, University College Hasselt and BIOMED, Hasselt University
ian M. Franks
School of Human Kinetics, University of British Columbia
lawrence e.M. Grierson
Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University of Toronto
steve Hansen
School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University
spencer Hayes
School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University
Matthew Heath
School of Kinesiology, The University of Western Ontario
ix
x Contributors
Werner F. Helsen
Department of Biomedical Kinesiology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
elke Heremans
Department of Biomedical Kinesiology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
nicola J. Hodges
School of Human Kinetics, University of British Columbia
robert r. Horn
Department of Exercise Science and Physical Education, Montclair State 
University
Michael a. Khan
School of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Bangor University
olav Krigolson
Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia
ann lavrysen
Departments of Biomedical Kinesiology and Psychology, Katholieke 
Universiteit Leuven
James l. lyons
Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University
dana Maslovat
School of Human Kinetics, University of British Columbia
Kristina a. neely
School of Kinesiology, The University of Western Ontario
tyler rolheiser
Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon
robert l. sainburg
Departments of Kinesiology and Neurology, Pennsylvania State University
Geert J.P. savelsbergh
Research Institute MOVE, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU 
University Amsterdam
Institute for Biomedical Research into Human Movement and Health, 
Manchester Metropolitan University
rebekah l. scott
School of Physical Education, University of Otago
luc tremblay
Faculty of Physical Education and Health, University of Toronto
John van der Kamp
Research Institute MOVE, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU 
University Amsterdam
Institute of Human Performance, University of Hong Kong