Viruses of Lower Vertebrates

522 Pages·1989·12.86 MB·English

by  A. Granoff (auth.)

W. Ahne E. Kurstak (Eds.)
Viruses of Lower
Vertebrates
With 113 Figures
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York
London Paris Tokyo Hong Kong
Prof. Dr. Dr. habil. WINFRIEO AHNE
Institut fUr Zoologie und Hydrobiologie
der Universitat Miinchen
Kaulbachstrasse 37
D-8000 Miinchen 22, FRG
Prof. Dr. EOOUARO KURSTAK
Dept. Microbiology and Immunology
Faculty of Medicine
University of Montreal
Montreal, P.Q. H 3c 317
Canada
ISBN-13: 978-3-642-83729-6 e-ISBN-13: 978-3-642-83727-2
DOl: 10.1007/978-3-642-83727-2
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data. Viruses of lower vertebrates 1 W. Ahne. E.
Kurstak (eds.). p. cm. Papers presented at the First International Symposium on Viruses of Lower
Vertebrates held at the Institute of Zoology and Hydrobiology of the University of Munich. August
22-25, 1988. ISBN 0-387-50859-7 (U.S. : alk. paper) 1. Fishes - Microbiology - Congresses. 2.
Viruses - Congresses. 3. Amphibians - Microbiology - Congresses. 4. Reptiles - Microbiology -
Congresses. 5. Vertebrate Viruses - congresses. 6. Virus Diseases - veterinary - congresses. I.
Ahne, W. 1939-. I/. Kurstak, Edouard. III. International Symposium on Viruses of Lower Verte
o
brates (1st: 1988 : Institute of Zoology and Hydrobiology of the University of Munich) [DNLM: I.
Amphibia - immunology - congresses. 2. Fishes - immunology - congresses. 3. Reptiles - immu
nology -congresses. QW 164 V8211988j QR321.V57 1989597' .0234-dc20 DNLM/OLC
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Preface
Virology of lower vertebrates began in the 20th centrury as a
branch of pathology. In 1914 WEISSENBERG opened this field when
he postulated that the hypertrophy of lymphocystis cells of sev
eral fish could be of viral origin. LUCKE (1934) found similari
ties between the renal adenocarcinoma of Rana pipiens and the her
pes simplex infections of man. Prior to 1970 little was known
about viral agents and viral diseases of reptiles. Frontline
virological studies were concentrated on arbovirus infections
in reptiles. The maintenance of the viruses in lower vertebrates
proved to be of medical and veterinarian importance. Later, in
creased studies on viruses of fish, amphibians and reptiles gave
greater insight into their occurrence and distribution. In the
last 10 years very substantial growth in the knowledge of vi
ruses, viral diseases and immunology of lower vertebrates has
been recognized.
As for lower vertebrates under the aspect of virus pathology,
up to now attention was paid mainly to viral diseases of economi
cally important fish but much information on molecular virology
and oncogenicity was obtained from the viruses occurring in am
phibians. The fact that lower vertebrates are involved in mul
tiple host infections brought new views in the field of zoono
sis. New information shows that certain viruses like influenza
virus or caliciviruses are capable of bridging species lines and
even the land-sea interface. There is some evidence for a cer
tain connection between the global developments in aquaculture
and the influenza pandemics.
However, information on the virology of lower vertebrates is
still sparse and widely scattered. It was therefore enthusiasti
cally greeted that an event was created where scientists, repre-
VI
senting more than ten nations, could come together in order to
discuss new research findings on viruses of lower vertebrates.
The First International Symposium on Viruses of Lower Vertebrates
held at the Institute of Zoology and Hydrobiology of the Univer
sity of Munich, August 22-25, 1988, carried out under the aus
pices of the International Comparative Virology Organization
and the Virology Group of the German Veterinarian Association,
was organized by W. Ahne (FRG) and E. Kurstak (Canada). The or
ganizers were assisted by an International Advisory Board con
sisting of
D. Anderson (USA), H.F. Clark (USA), P. Dobos (Canada),
N. Fijan (Yugoslavia), J.L. Fryer (USA), A. Granoff (USA),
R.P. Hedrick (USA), B.J. Hill (England), D.C. Kelly (England),
T. Kimura (Japan), P. de Kinkelin (France), K. Maramorosch (USA),
B.L. Nicholson (USA), T. Sano (Japan), J. Shchelkunov (USSR),
K.F. Shortridge (Hong Kong), J.R. Winton (USA), K. Wolf (USA).
During the Symposium the participants expressed their inter
est and actively discussed problems related to viral nomencla
ture. With the expansion of viral surveillance and improved de
tection methods, there has been a significant increase in the
number of viruses isolated and characterized from lower verte
brates. It was the consensus of the assembled participants that
a working group should be established to prepare general recom
mendations for the naming of viruses of lower vertebrates. This
working group was given the following guidelines:
1. To make its interest known to, and solicit input from, the
International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV).
2. To draft recommendations for nomenclature of viruses from
lower vertebrates consistent with the current guidelines of
the ICTV or other guidelines issued under the auspices of
ICTV.
VII
3. To present the final draft recommendation at the Second In
ternational Symposium on Viruses of Lower Vertebrates to be
held in 1991 in the USA. If possible, an interim report should
be preserted at the Sixth International Conference on Compara
tive and Applied Virology in Banff, Alberta, October 15-21,
1989.
The following committee was formed in order to develop re
commendations for the nomenclature of viruses of lower verte
brates:
Chairman: J.L. Fryer (USA)
Herpesviruses: R. Goorha (USA), R.P. Hedrich (USA), T. Kimura
(Japan)
Iridoviruses: K. Essani (USA), B. Nicholson (USA)
Birnaviruses: P. Dobos (Canada), B.J. Hill (England)
Reovirus: W. Ahne (FRG), J.R. Winton (USA)
Rhabdoviruses: P. de Kinkelin (France), P.E.V. J¢rgensen
(Denmark)
Paramyxovirus: W. Ahne (FRG), W. Neubert (FRG).
The book contains papers presented at the First International
Symposium on Viruses of Lower Vertebrates held in Munich, August
22-25, 1988. Unfortunately, not all speakers were able to submit
the manuscripts in time.
We thank Dr. D. Czeschlik, Springer Verlag, for making the
publication of the Proceedings possible.
Munich, Spring 1989 W. Ahne, E. Kurstak
(Chairmen)
Contents
Section I Viruses of Amphibia
Viruses of Amphibia: A Historical Perspective
A. Granoff ................................................ 3
Herpesviruses: Interaction with Frog Renal Cells
K.S. Tweedell (With 2 Figures) ............................ 13
Frog Virus 3 DNA Replication
R.M. Goorha ............................................... 30
Transcriptional Regulation of Frog Virus 3
D.B. Willis, J.P. Thompson, and W. Beckman 39
Translation Regulation of Frog Virus 3
A.M. Aubertin, L. Tondre, and T.N. Tham (With 2 Figures) 51
Murine Hepatitis Induced by Frog Virus 3 (FV 3)
A. Kirn, J.L. Gendrault, A.M. Steffan, J.P. Gut, and
A. Bingen (With 3 Figures) ................................ 60
Ultrastructural, Biochemical and Biological Properties of
an Erythrocytic Virus of Frogs from Ontario, Canada
J. Gruia-Gray, M. Petric, and S.S. Desser (With 9 Figures) 69
Properties of Amphibian and Piscine Iridoviruses:
A Comparison
K. Essani and A. Granoff .................................. 79
Section II Viruses of Reptilia
Viruses of Reptiles
K.F. Shortridge........................................... 89
Antigenetic Relationship Between Three Members of
Paramyxoviridae Isolated from Different Snakes
W. Ahne and W.J. Neubert (With 4 Figures) ............•.... 105
Paramyxovirus Infection in Snakes
M. MUller, N. Zangger, and H.P. Jakob •.......•...........• 114
x
Do in Reptiles Togaviruses and Flaviviruses Persist?
K.F. Shortridge (With 2 Figures) .......................... 120
Differential Virus Susceptibility of Reptilian Organ
Cultures to Human Viruses
R.R. Bhonde ............................................... 130
Section III Viruses of Fishes
Lymphocystis Disease of Fishes
K. Anders (With 5 Figures) ................................ 141
Herpesviruses of Fishes
R.P. Hedrick and T. Sano 161
Salmon Herpesvirus: OMV, Oncorhynchus Masou Virus
T. Kimura and M. Yoshimizu (With 9 Figures) ............... 171
A Herpesvirus Associated with an Epizootic Epidermal
Papillomatosis in European Smelt (Osmerus EperLanus)
K. Anders (With 4 Figures) ................................ 184
Channel Catfish Herpesvirus
J.A. Plumb (With 4 Figures) 198
Picornaviruses and Reoviruses of Fishes
J.R. Winton ...........•.........................•......... 217
Some Properties of the Etiological Agent of the Hemorrhagic
Disease of Grass Carp and Black Carp
Y. Jiang and W. Ahne (With 3 Figures) ..................... 227
Characteristics of Reoviruses Isolated from Cyprinid Fishes
in California, USA
R.P. Hedrick, J.M. Groff, T. McDowell, and W.H. Wingfield 241
Some Properties of Reoviruses Isolated from Tench (Tinea
tinea) and Chub (Leuciscus cephaLus)
W. Ahne and o. K6lbl (With 3 Figures) ......•••............ 250
Isolation of a Reovirus from Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)
in Oregon, USA
J.R. Winton, C.K. Arakawa, C.N. Lannan, and J.L. Fryer
(With 4 Figures) ....................................•..... 257
Response of Salmonid Fish to Artificial Infection with
Chum Salmon Virus
J.R. Winton, C.N. Lannan, M. Yoshimizu, and T. Kimura
(Wi th 2 Figures) ....•..................................... 270
A New Serotype of Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus
(IPN N 1)
K.E. Christie and L.S. Havarstein (With 3 Figures) ........ 279
XI
Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus in Norwegian Fish
Farms
J. Krogsrud, T. Histein, and K. R¢nningen •.•........•..... 284
Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus in Atlantic Salmon:
Transmission via the Sexual Products?
D.A. Smail and A.L.S. Munro ..........•...•............. '" 292
The Paramyxoviruses and Orthomyxoviruses
J .L. Fryer •.............•..................••...•......... 302
Persistent Infections of Fish Cell Lines by Paramyxovirus
Isolates from Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)
C.N. Lannan, C.K. Arakawa, J.R. Winton, and J.L. Fryer .... 309
Rhabdoviruses of Fishes
G.N. Frerichs ..•.......................................... 317
Rhabdovirus Carpio in Herpivorous Fishes: Isolation,
Pathology and Comparative Susceptibility of Fishes
I.S. Shchelkunov and T.I. Shchelkunova (With 5 Figures) ... 333
SVCV and PFR Viruses: Serological Examination of 22
Isolates Indicates Close Relationship Between the Two Fish
Rhabdoviruses
P.E.V. J¢rgensen, N.J. Olesen, W. Ahne, and N. Lorenzen
(With 5 Figures) ....•...•..•......................•....... 349
The Significance of Rainbow Trout Brain and Excretory
Kidney for the Propagation of Viral Haemorrhagic
Septicaemia (VHS) Virus
P. Kruse and M. Neukirch (With 10 Figures) ......•...•..... 367
Cloning the Genes of Viral Haemorrhagic Septicaemia of the
Trout
J. Bernard and P. de Kinkelin (With 4 Figures) ............ 379
Rhabdovirus Olivaceus (Hirame Rhabdovirus)
T. Kimura, M. Yoshimizu, N. Oseko, and T. Nishizawa
(With 6 Figures) •..•...................••..•....••••...... 388
Rhabdovirus Infection of Ulcerated Fish in South-East Asia
G.N. Frerichs, S.D. Millar, and M. Alexander (With 3
Figures) •.•..•.•••••..........•..........•......••..••.... 396
Comparison of Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis in Natural
and Experimental Infections of Spawning Salmonids by
Infectivity and Immunohistochemistry
T. Yamamoto, C.K. Arakawa, W.N. Batts, and J.R. Winton
(With 16 Figures) •.....••.................••••.•••...•..•• 411
The Delayed Appearance of Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis
Virus (IHNV) in Steelhead Trout (Sal-rna gairdneri)
S.E. LaPatra, W.J. Groberg, J.S. Rohovec, and J.L. Fryer
(With 1 Figure) ...•.......•.•.•....•••.....•.••..•.•.••..• 430
XII
Preliminary Characterization of a Virus Causing Infectious
Anemia Among stocks of Salmonid Fish in the Western United
States
C.K. Arakawa, D.A. Hursh, C.N. Lannan, J.S. Rohovec, and
J.R. Winton (With 1 Figure) ............................... 442
Section IV Immunology of Fish
Detection and Quantification of Anti-Viral Immunoglobulin
of Rainbow Trout Serum
T. Watanabe (With 3 Figures) 453
Change of Immunological Indices in Carps (Cyprinus carpio L.)
Following Rhabdovirus Carpio Injection
Y.D. Temnikhanov, I.A. Balakhnin, E.V. Kompanets,
V.V. Litvinenko, and G.A. Strilko ........................ . 458
Immunotechnology and Viral Diseases of Fish
D.P. Anderson (With 1 Figure) ............................ . 463
Immunostimulation by Levamisole in Rainbow Trout (Salmo
gairdneri) in Vivo
D.P. Anderson, A.K. Siwicki, O.W. Dixon, and E.F. Lizzio
(Wi th 2 Figures) ......................................... . 469
Nonspecific Defense Mechanisms and Specific Immune
Protection of Trout Against Viral Agents
D.P. Anderson and A.K. Siwicki (With 3 Figures) ., ........ . 479
Modulation of Cell-Mediated Immune Responses by
Lymphocystis Disease in the Gilthead Sea Bream SpaY'Us
Aurata
M. Faisal (With 6 Figures) 487
Section V Evolutionary Considerations
Aquatic Birds: An Evolutionary Repository of Ortho- and
Paramyxoviruses?
K.F. Shortridge (With 2 Figures) .......................... 499