Violence in Families: Assessing Prevention and Treatment Programs

408 Pages·1998·6.79 MB·English

by  Committee on the Assessment of Family Violence Interventions

Violence
Families
Assessing Prevention and
Treatment Programs
Rosemary Chalk and Patricia A. King, Editors
Committee on the Assessment of Family Violence Interventions
Board on Children, Youth, and Families
Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education
National Research Council
and
Institute of Medicine
NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS
Washington, D.C. 1998
3
NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS 2101 Constitution Avenue, NW • Washington, DC 20418
e
NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the
National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of
Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the
committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for
appropriate balance.
This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures
approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of Sci
ences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.
This study was supported by the Carnegie Corporation of New York under contract number
B5936, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services under contract number HPU 940003, and
the U.S. Department of Justice under contract 95-lJ-CX-0001. Any opinions, findings, conclusions,
or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily
reflect the view of the organizations or agencies that provided support for this project.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Violence in families: assessing prevention and treatment programs /
Rosemary Chalk and Patricia A. King, editors; Committee on the
Assessment of Family Violence Interventions, Board on Children,
Youth, and Families, National Research Council and Institute of
Medicine.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index.
ISBN 0-309-05496-6 (cloth)
1. Family violence-United States-Prevention-Evaluation.
2. Crisis intervention (Psychiatry)-United States-Evaluation.
3. Evaluation research (Social action programs)-United States.
I. Chalk, Rosemary A. II. King, Patricia A., 1942- . III. Board on
Children, Youth, and Families (U.S.). Committee on the Assessment
of Family Violence Interventions.
HV6626.2.V56 1998
362.82' 927'0973-dc2l 97-45375
This book is available for sale from the National Academy Press, 2101 Constitution Avenue NW,
Washington, DC 20418. Call 800-624-6242 or 202-334-3313 (in the Washington Metropolitan
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Copyright 1998 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America
COMMITTEE ON THE ASSESSMENT OF
FAMILY VIOLENCE INTERVENTIONS
PATRICIA A. KING (Chair), Georgetown University Law Center
JACQUELYN C. CAMPBELL, Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing
DAVID S. CORDRAY, Vanderbilt Institute for Public Policy Studies
DIANA J. ENGLISH, Office of Children's Administration Research,
Department of Social and Health Services, State of Washington
JEFFREY A. FAGAN, School of Public Health, Columbia University
RICHARD J. GELLES, Family Violence Research Program, University of
Rhode Island
JOEL B. GREENHOUSE, Department of Statistics, Carnegie Mellon University
THE HONORABLE SCOTT HARSHBARGER, Office of the Attorney
General, Commonwealth of Massachusetts
DARNELL F. HAWKINS, Departments of African-American Studies and
Sociology, University of Illinois, Chicago
THE HONORABLE CINDY LEDERMAN, Eleventh Judicial Circuit of
Florida, Miami
ELIZABETH McLOUGHLIN, San Francisco Injury Center, San Francisco
General Hospital
ELI NEWBERGER, Family Development Program, Children's Hospital,
Boston
JOY D. OSOFSKY, Department of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, Louisiana State
University Medical Center
HELEN RODRIGUEZ-TRIAS, Pediatrician/Consultant in Health
Programming, Brookdale, California
SUSAN SCHECHTER, School of Social Work, University of Iowa
MICHAEL E. SMITH, School of Law, University of Wisconsin, Madison
BILL WALSH, Investigations Unit, Youth and Family Crimes Bureau, Dallas
Police Department
CAROLE L. WARSHAW, Cook County Hospital, Chicago
ROSALIE WOLF, Institute on Aging, The Medical Center of Central
Massachusetts, Worcester
JACK P. SHONKOFF (Liaison), Board on Children, Youth, and Families
CATHY SPATZ WIDOM (Liaison), Committee on Law and Justice,
Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education
ROSEMARY CHALK, Study Director
NANCY CROWELL, Staff Officer
KATHERINE DARKE, Research Assistant
SEBLE MENKIR, Research Assistant (through August 1995)
CINDY PRINCE, Project Assistant
NIANI SUTARDJO, Project Assistant (through August 1996)
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BOARD ON CHILDREN, YOUTH, AND FAMILIES
JACK P. SHONKOFF (Chair), Heller Graduate School, Brandeis University
DAVID V.B. BRITT, Children's Television Workshop, New York City
LARRY BUMPASS, Center for Demography and Ecology, University of
Wisconsin
FERNANDO A. GUERRA, San Antonio Metropolitan Health District, Texas
BERNARD GUYER, Department of Maternal and Child Health, The Johns
Hopkins University
ALETHA C. HUSTON, Department of Human Ecology, University of Texas at
Austin
RENEE JENKINS, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Howard
University Hospital
SARA McLANAHAN, Office of Population Research, Princeton University
ROBERT MICHAEL, Harris Graduate School of Public Policy Studies,
University of Chicago
PAUL NEWACHECK, Institute of Health Policy Studies and Department of
Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco
MARTHA PHILLIPS, The Concord Coalition, Washington, D.C.
JULIUS B. RICHMOND, Department of Social Medicine, Harvard University
Medical School
TIMOTHY M. SANDOS, National Digital Television Center, Littleton,
Colorado
DEBORAH STIPEK, Graduate School of Education, University of California,
Los Angeles
DIANA TAYLOR, Women's Health Program, Department of Family Health
Care Nursing, University of California, San Francisco
GAIL WILENSKY, Project Hope, Bethesda, Maryland
ELEANOR MACCOBY (Liaison), Commission on Behavioral and Social
Sciences and Education
RUTH T. GROSS (Liaison), Board on Health Promotion and Disease
Prevention, Institute of Medicine
DEBORAH A. PHILLIPS, Director
ROSEMARY CHALK, Deputy Director
ANNE BRIDGMAN, Program Officer for Communications
DRUSILLA BARNES, Administrative Associate
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IV
Contents
TABLES AND FIGURES ix
PREFACE Xlll
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1
1 INTRODUCTION 11
Scope of the Problem, 12
Fragmentation of the Field, 13
Challenges to Effective Evaluations, 14
Charge to the Committee, 17
Study Approach, 18
The Committee's Perspective, 29
2 FAMILY VIOLENCE AND FAMILY VIOLENCE
INTERVENTIONS 31
Definitional Issues, 32
Measurement Issues, 38
Risk Factors, 41
Interventions, 50
3 IMPROVING EVALUATION 59
Assessing the Limitations of Current Evaluations, 60
Points of Collaboration Between Researchers and Service Providers, 77
v
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VI CONTENTS
The Dynamics of Collaboration, 85
Evaluating Comprehensive Community Initiatives, 89
Conclusion, 91
4 SOCIAL SERVICE INTERVENTIONS 93
Child Maltreatment Interventions, 95
Domestic Violence Interventions, 110
Elder Abuse Interventions, 115
Conclusions, 118
5 LEGAL INTERVENTIONS 158
Child Maltreatment Interventions, 160
Domestic Violence Interventions, 171
Elder Abuse Interventions, 184
Conclusions, 188
6 HEALTH CARE INTERVENTIONS 206
Child Maltreatment Interventions, 211
Domestic Violence Interventions, 223
Elder Abuse Interventions, 231
Conclusions, 233
7 COMPREHENSIVE AND COLLABORATIVE
INTERVENTIONS 260
Types of Interventions, 261
Examples of Comprehensive and Collaborative Interventions, 264
Improving Evaluation, 271
Conclusions, 272
8 CROSS-CUTTING ISSUES 274
The Ecological Context of Family Violence, 275
Approaches to Punishment and Rehabilitation, 278
The Roles of Autonomy and Competence, 281
Cultural Factors and Community Representation, 283
Assessment of Dangerousness and Risk, 285
Conclusions, 287
9 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 289
Conclusions, 290
Recommendations for Current Policies and Practices, 294
Recommendations for the Next Generation of Evaluations, 304
Topics for Basic Research, 312
Forging Partnerships Between Research and Practice, 315
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CONTENTS vii
REFERENCES 319
APPENDICES
A Site Visit Resources 359
B Biographical Sketches 367
INDEX 375
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Tables and Figures
TABLES
S-1 Total Number of Quasi-Experimental Evaluations of Family Violence
Intervention by Service Sector, 1980-1996,4
1-1 Array of Interventions by Type of Family Violence and Institutional
Setting, 22
1-2 Total Number of Quasi-Experimental Evaluations of Family Violence
Interventions by Service Sector, 1980-1996, 28
2-1 Past Year Rates of Family Violence (per 1,000 persons), 34
2-2 Array of Services for Family Violence by Service Sector and
Purpose, 51
2-3 Federal Programs That Provide Services or Sponsor Research Relevant
to Family Violence, 53
2-4 Estimated Annual Costs of Family Violence, 56
3-1 Interventions by Type of Strategy and Relevant Quasi-Experimental
Evaluations, 1980-1996, 69
3-2 Reviews of Multiple Studies and Evaluations, 73
3-3 Outcome Measures Used in Evaluations of Family Violence
Interventions, 86
ix
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x TABLES AND FIGURES
4-1 Expected Outcomes of Social Service Interventions for Child
Maltreatment, 96
4-2 Range of Family Support Interventions, 98
4-3 Responses to Reports of Child Maltreatment by Child Protective
Services, 107
4-4 Expected Outcomes of Social Service Interventions for Domestic
Violence, 111
4A-1 Quasi-Experimental Evaluations of Parenting Practices and Family
Support Services, 122
4A-2 Quasi-Experimental Evaluations of School-Based Sexual Abuse
Prevention, 130
4A-4 Quasi-Experimental Evaluations of Intensive Family Preservation
Services, 138
4A-5 Quasi-Experimental Evaluations of Child Placement Services, 146
4A-6 Quasi-Experimental Evaluations of Individualized Service
Programs, 148
4B-1 Quasi-Experimental Evaluation of Shelters for Battered Women, 150
4B-3 Quasi-Experimental Evaluations of Advocacy Services for Battered
Women, 152
4B-4 Quasi-Experimental Evaluations of Domestic Violence Prevention
Programs, 154
4C-2 Quasi-Experimental Evaluation of Training for Caregivers, 156
4C-3 Quasi-Experimental Evaluation of Advocacy Services to Prevent Elder
Abuse, 156
5A-3 Quasi-Experimental Evaluations of Court-Mandated Treatment for
Child Abuse Offenders, 190
5A-4 Quasi-Experimental Evaluations of Treatment for Sexual Abuse
Offenders, 192
5B-3 Quasi-Experimental Evaluations of Arrest Procedures, 194
5B-4 Quasi-Experimental Evaluations of Court-Mandated Treatment for
Domestic Violence Offenders, 198
5B-5 Quasi-Experimental Evaluations of Criminal Prosecution, 204
5B-7 Quasi-Experimental Evaluations of Systemic Approaches, 204
6-1 Public Health Strategies for Preventing Violence and Its
Consequences, 209
6A-1 Quasi-Experimental Evaluations of Identification and Screening of
Child Maltreatment, 238
6A-2 Quasi-Experimental Evaluations of Mental Health Services for Child
Victims of Physical Abuse and Neglect, 240
6A-3 Quasi-Experimental Evaluations of Mental Health Services for Child
Victims of Sexual Abuse, 242
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