Violence and Subjectivity

388 Pages·2000·4.837 MB·English

by  Veena Das, Arthur Kleinman, Mamphela Ramphele, Pamela Reynolds (eds.)

CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGMEN/T Si x
InrtoductIi oIn
ThenDaa asn d AKrleitnhmuarn
Viole-nPcreoAnreeo arI netrnatioTnraaslnii ton?
AddingR otlohefeO utsiidnBe arlsk Vaionl ence
SusLa.Wno o dwarI dI 9
ViolenacneVd i sion:
TheP rosthaentAdie csst hoeftT eircrso r
AlleFnel dmaIn 46
CircuimocnBio,sd Mya,s cuyl:i nit
TheRi tuaWlou nd Caonldl ievVceiot lence
DeepaMke htIa
79
TeacMhe H owt oB ea M an:
An Exploroaftt hiDeoe nfi fliotfiM oasnc ulinity
MamphRealmap hIe lew 2
OnN oBte comai" neTgr rorPirsotb"lo:ef Mm esm ory,
Agnecy, Coamnmdu niitnty h Ser Lia nkCaonn flict
jonathSapenn cer1 I2o
TheG rouonfdA lMla king:
StaVtioel ecr,et,h Fea mialnydP, o liicAtaclt ivists
PameRlaey nolId sI4 I
viiiC ONTENTS
VieonlcSeu,ff ienrAgm,m an:
TheW orokf O racilnSe rsLi a n'kEsaas teWranrZ one
PatriLcaiwrean cIe I7 I
TheA cotf W itnessing:
X
ViolenPcoei,s onoulsde gKn,eo waSnudjb eicvtAity'
\-eenDaa sI 205
•T heV iolenocfEe vse ryLdiafye :
TheM ulitpFloer masn dD ynamiScosc Vioioafll ence
ArthKuleirmna n 1 226
Bodayn dS paicneaT imeC roifs is:
SterilainzdRae tsieomtnet nldteu ritnhgEe m egrenicnyD elhi
EmmaTa rlo I 242
TheQ uesfto Hru maOnr gaannsdt hVeio lenocfZe e al
MargareLto cIk 2 I7
MayaMnu ltiucruallatinsdm Vtiohlee nocfMe e moires
KaBy .W arren I 296
"*'RecocniliaantdMi eonm oyri nP ostwNairg eria
MurraLya sIt 3I 5
MoodM,o menatn,dM ind
E.V alentDiannei Ie l3 3 3
LISOTF C ONTRIBUTOIR S3 67
INDEXI 369
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
In1 993t heed itwohroas r,me e mbseo rft hCeo mmtietoenC ult,Hu erael,t h
andH umaDne evlopmoefn ttS hoieca Slc ieRnecsee aCrocuhn c(iNle w
York,)p lanans eeidre osfv olumteoes x amianneto hproliocqgaule stoino ns
three laotfiv ooilne ntcose t eastl,o lcc aommuniatnidie nsd,i viTdhuea ls.
first SboocoSikuffa,eril n ge,x plotrhededi e ffrewnatyi snw hich lsf oorcciea
}
inflihcatrosmn i nvdiiduaanlcdso lilveictItinte ihsst,hs ee cobnodoi knt his
seriweeo sff,e frou rteeesynss ta haetx pltohrreee labteiwtoenev noi lence
ansdu jbeicvtiftryoa mno f-ftehc-eenrtp osiiotWhni.l teh meaj opra rotft he
discuisdss eidoinc taowt headt bmead yec sribaesed x tresmiet uawtei ons,
incleuxdpel oriantotti homeno ser s ubvtoillee nocfse csi ence satna.dt ethe
Altlh ees yssaa ddrheoswvso i lenschea pseujsbet civaintdayff e cttsh cea pac­
ittyoe ngaegvee ryldiaTfyoeg .e thtehrec yo enstatg eogratphhamyta keas
sharp dbiewvteies"niv oino lencaer-epaarnso"d"np ecee afualr e,aa"sn sdu g­
gestth astu cshh tohradneds icprtimoingsth hte msehlavvceeo stn ribtuot ed
thseh apoifvno igl enicnte h peer segnlto bcaolen xtt.
Wea rger autlte oft hSeo ciSacli eRnesceea rCcohu n(cSiSRl)C f oirst
suppoofrt th ipsrj oecatn de spieacltloFy r anKke ssfeohlri gse nreously
.
offerehde lipnt hdeif efrepnhta soefts h perjoecWtet. h aDnika Cnoal bert
anCda rrie Ntihteakisars a ifnsocitreno rganizmaattito,aen nrabdslo htD .
ScoGtita mpetarnuJdzu zlLiia ek feo orve rseetihfineng a plrp earatoifo n
the manuTshcjero ihpnta .nD Cd.a therMianceA rtFhouurn dagtaivoen
T.
genoeurs sufpoptroh ret SCSoRmCm tieteefo fratsa w hole.
Thee syssai nt hivsol uwmeer e dfiirssctu isnsa se edm ineanirtt led
"ViolePnoclei,At gieccnayal,n Sde lifnD' e lihnAi p r1i99l5 w,h iwcahs sup­
portebdyt hReaj viG andFhoiu nidoaAntb.i Hdu sisnae'ntsh usifaotsrhm e
prjoecantdt hmea rlvoeuhso sapliiottyf tFhoeu ndamtaidoienat m em­o
rabolccea sni.Woe a rger atteofS uhllai jnosihfior tlhoiegis cht elsphp er o-
ix
x ACKNOLWEDGMENTS
vdiedA.b ovael la rwieen e dbtteod ptahret icfioptrah sneitt msu ladtiisn­g
cusnssiU.on fortluyfn,oa vrta eriroeusaso ntsh,pe a pseb ryE laibzeKitshs ,
AchiMlbleebm eG,ya nenrdaP anedy<ftl,d LoiWca cquacnotu nlodb te
included.t hWoiesp pttoaurkneit toey x proeusgrsr atittotu hdeefm o r
themiarre vlocuosrn itbiuotntso otshdei ssciuosnCso.m mesnb tytw o
anoynmourse vieowfte hrUesn viersoifCty a lifornwiearv eeP rhryeep lsfsu l
inr evitshimena gn uscMroispittm .opr tahnabtse etnh pea itenocfet h e
authfoorwrsh ,i wceha rter uglryau tleS.ft anley aHtto hlUewn viietrzso ifty
CalifPorrenpsirsao vidtehdreg i hktni do fi mpuest btroi ngp rjtoehcteot
compiloent.
VeeanDas
ArthKuleirnm an
MamphRealam phele
PameRlaey nolds
Introduction
�enDaa asn d Arthur Kleinman
An ewp olitgiecoaglr aop{ht yh weo rlhda se mergeidnt hel asttw od ecades,
inw hicwhh olaer eaasr em arkeodff a s" violencea-rperaossnu,eg" g esting
thatth em oret raditsipoantadilia vli sicoonmsp,r ismientgr opolcietnatne rs
andp eriphecroallo nioerss u,p erpowaenrdss a telsltiatteae rsen, o wl in­
guistiocbaslollyeT theev. i oleinnct eh esaer easse emtso b elontgoa n ew
momenitn h istoirtcy e:r taciannlnyob teu ndersttohordo uegahr ltiheero ­
'rioefcs o ntracvtiuoalle onrca ec lassificoafjt uisaotnn du njuwsatr fso,ir t s
mostd isturfbeiantgu irste h aitth aso ccurrbeedt weseonc iaaclt owrhso
liviendt hes amel ocwaolr ladnsd k newo rt hougthhte kyn ewe acoht her.
Whiles omes eteh ivsi oleansca er emnaonftl ong-stapnrdiimnogr dcioanl­
flicts, soetieht ae sra ss igonft hed istorotfli oocna l moralb yf woorrcledss
(natioannadgl l obawlh)i cohr iginoauttes itdheo sweo rladnsd o vewrh ich
loccaolm munitciaenes x ercliistect olnet role.i'1tnhce ars ietb ecomneesc ­
essatrocy o nsihdoewrs ubjectivifteyli-tnt theere ixopre rieonftc heep er­
sont haitn cluhdieossr h erp ositiionan fi se lodf r elatipoonwaelr -pirso ­
ducetdh routghhee xperieonfvc ieo leanncdet hem anneirnw hicghl obal
flowisn volviimnagg ecsa,p itaanldp, e opbleec omeen tangwlietdlh o claolg ­
icisn i dentfiotyr matiOounrn. o tioonfns o rmalaintdpy a tholsoegeymt o
bea ts taaksew ee xplotrheec onnectbieotwnese tnh dei fferent offvo iro­ms
lencteh apte rvadoeu rc ontempowroarrlyd .
In1 993t,h ee ditowrhso,a rem emberosft heC ommittoeneC ulture,
Healtahn,dH umanD evelopmoefnt th eS ociSacli enRcees earCcohu ncil
(NewY ork)p,l annaes de rioefvs o lumteose xamiannet hropolqougeisc­al
tioonnst her elatoifvo ino letnocs et atleosc,ca olm munitainedis n,d ividu­
alTsh.e fi rsvto lumSeo, cial (SKulffeeriinnmgDaa nsa,,n dL ock1 997,d) ealt
witsho urcaensdm ajofro rmosfs ociaadlv erswiittayhn, e mphasoinsp olit­
icavli olenIctge a.v iel lustroafth ioowtn rsa nsformiantc iuolntsur reaplr e-
I
2 VEENDAA SI ARTHURK LENIMAN
sentatainodnc so llecetxipveer ieonfcse usff erirnegs haipnet erpersonal
respontsoec sa tastraonpdht ee rrIotra .l scoh arttehdee ffecotsf b ureau­
cratriecs pontsoeh su manp robleamnsd f ountdh atth esien stitutional
actiocnasn( nado ftedno )d eepeann dm akem orei ntracttahbepl reo b­
lemtsh esye etko a meliorate.
Thep resevnotl umteh,es econidno urs erioenss o cidaaln g,ee rxamines
thep rocestsherso uwghhi cvhi oleinsca ec tual-iizne tdhes ensteh aitti s
bothp roducaendd c onsumeTdh.e c omparateitvhen ograpphrioevsi de
graphic acocfto huemn atnsn eirnw hicehv eryldiaifyset ransfoirnmt ehde
engagemewintthv iolenbcueti, nd oinsgo t hee ssaaylssi on terrogate the
notioofnt hee veryadsat yh es itoeft heor dinaBreyc.a umsoes otf t hee ssays
arel ocatiensd p aciensw hicohn goivnigo lehnacseb lurrbeodu ndaries
betweevni olenccoen,fl iacntdp, e acerfeuslo luttihoelnyo, o aktt hesies sues
froma no ff-the-cpeonstietrii notw no senseFsi.r stth,ea ys kh owp eople
engagient h-et asokfds a illiyv irnegh,a bitthiewn ogr lidnt hef ulrle cogni­
tiotnh apte rpetravtiocrtsia,mn sd,w itnescsoemsef romt hes ames ocial
spacSee.c ontdh,e sye etkoa nalynzoeto nltyh ee xpliaccitotsfb odihlayr m
thaotc cuirnv iolceonntfl ibcutta lstoh em ores ubtfloer mosfv iolepnecre­
petrabtyei dn stituotfsi coinesn acnedt hes tatTeh.et raditiaopnpaeolaf l
ethnograhpahsby e etnh ea biltiosty e et hes ociwaolr lidnt ermosfa s cale
thaitsc ommensurawbiltfeha ce-toi-nfqauciYere tyt .h eseet hnographies
revetahlal ta rgseorc iaaclt osrusc ahs t hes tatien,t ernatoirognaanli zations,
andt heg lobmaeld iaas,w elalst ransnatflioownsia nfil n ancaensd p eople,
area lilm plicaitnte hdea ctualizoaftt hievo ino letnhcaett r ansfotrhmes
everyldiaofyfe l occaolm munitIineo sr.d etrop ortrtahyih se terogeonfe ity
contexatust,h owresr ien vitteodd e scrfiobrem osfv ioletnhcaeat r we idely
dispersed-tianek tihnngri ico ctsi,v wialra ,n dt hes ubttleec hnolovgiioc­al
lencoefo rganiszceide nacneds taptoel icainedps r ograms.
Thes trenogftt hh ee thnograpihnti heisvs o lumlei eisnt heicra reful
attenttiodo ent aainld t hel ong-teenrgma gemeonftt h ee thnographers
witthh ep lacaensdp eoptlhee dye scritbheed:ye monstrtahtateth eriesn o
straightftorrawnasrldao tfsi oocnis aclr iipnttsso o ciaaclt iTohne.c ontinu­
ousc reatoifon ne wc onteaxntsd t hes udderne movoaflt hea ccetsoes s tab­
lishceodn tefxrtasm teh em anneirnw hicvhi oleanncdes ubjecttievntidoty
becommeu tualilmyp licaitnte hdec ontempowroarrlyWd i.t hopurte sum­
intgo s ummaritzheer icdhe scripitnit ohnees s sawyesi ,n dicsaotmeeo ft he
themewsh icbhi ntdh eseet hnograpthoigeest. h er
GLOBALF LOWSA NDL OCALL OGICS
Takinagc lolsoeo akt c ontempoertahrnyvii ocl enacned w armsa,n ys chol­
arsd iscear bne wildelroisnosgf c onteaxstc ollecitdievnet iftoiregse d
throhu gpractiocfet sh en ation-sotrat ther,o ugihm agetsh acta scade