vietnamese

245 Pages·2010·1.38 MB·English

by  Ngoc Tran

PHAÀN HAI: PHAÏN/PALI-VIEÄT
PART TWO: SANSCRIT/PALI-
VIETNAMESE
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mieäng ñöôïc duøng laøm ngoân ngöõ—A heaven
A belonging to the world of form or rupaloka,
where no sounds are heard; when the
inhabitants wish to talk, a ray of pure light
comes out of the mouth, which serves as
speech—See Thieân in Vietnamese-English

Section.
A: Voâ—Phi—Khoâng—Chaúng phaûi—Tieáp ñaàu Abhava: Phi höõu.
ngöõ trong Phaïn ngöõ coù nghóa laø “khoâng” hay
Abhavasvabhava (skt): Khoâng coù töï tính—
phuû ñònh. Khi ñöùng tröôùc moät nguyeân aâm
Lack of self-substance or absence of the
khaùc, noù coù theå ñöôïc theo sau bôûi moät phuï aâm
substance of existence—Khoâng coù moät thuoäc
cho thuaän tai, nhö a(n)atta, chöù khoâng phaûi
tính ñoäc laäp.
atta—The prefix meaning “not,” the negative.
Abhaya (skt): Voâ uùy—Fearless.
Before another vowel it may be followed by a
Abhaya-bhumi: Voâ uùy sôû ñòa—Fearless
supplemental consonant for euphony, e.g.,
bhumi.
a(n)atta, not atta.
Abhaya-dana (skt) Abhayamdada (p): Voâ
Abbhutadhamma (p): Vò Taèng Höõu Phaùp—
uùy thí—Giving of fearlessness—Giving
Wonderful Dhammas.
assurance of safety—Fearless charity.
Abhaya (skt): Fearless—See Voâ UÙy.
** For more information, please see Voâ UÙy thí
Abhaya-mudra (skt): Cöû chæ cuûa Phaät
in Vietnamese-English Section.
Sakyamuni ngay sau khi Ngaøi ñaït Ñaïi giaùc
Abhayagiri (skt): Moät töï vieän noåi tieáng vaø
(baøn tay phaûi ñöa ngang vai, caùc ngoùn tay duoãi
pheá tích cuûa ngoâi thaùp taïi thaønh Anuradhapura,
thaúng, loøng baøn tay höôùng veà phía tröôùc)—The
moät thôøi laø coá ñoâ cuûa Tích Lan—A famous
gesture of Sakyamuni Buddha right after he
monastery and surviving stupa (thaùp) at
attained enlightenment (the right hand is raised
Anuradhapura, once the capital of Ceylon—
to shoulder level with fingers extended and
See Anuradhapura in Sanskrit/Pali-
palm turned outward).
Vietnamese Section.
Abhabbagamana (skt) Abhibbagamana
Abhayagiri-vasin: Voâ uùy sôn truï boä.
(p): Incapable of progressing—Khoâng coøn khaû
Abhaya-mudra: See Mudra 5.
naêng chuyeån hoùa—Those beings who are
obstructed by their evil actions, by their Abhibhavayatana (skt) Abhibhayatana
defilements, by the result of their evil (p): Taùm caùch kieåm soaùt tri giaùc veà nhöõng ñoái
actions—Those who are devoid of faith, töôïng khaùc nhau trong thieàn ñònh—Eight fields
energy and knowledge, and unable to enter the (meditation exercises) of mastery the sphere of
right path and reach perfection. the senses of perception in relation to various
objects:
Abhassara: Coõi trôøi—Deva—The “Radiant
1) Luoân bieát veà nhöõng hình thöùc cuûa thaân theå
Ones.”—A class of heavenly beings of the
vôùi nhöõng hình thöùc giôùi haïn cuûa theá giôùi
fine-material world (rupa-loka).
beân ngoaøi nhö ñeïp xaáu giuùp cho ngöôøi tu
Abhasvaravimana (skt): Quang AÂm Cung
taäp laøm chuû ñöôïc nhöõng ham thích veà hình
hay Cöïc Quang Tònh Thieân laø moät coõi trôøi
töôùng cuûa mình—Perception of forms in
thuoäc saéc giôùi, ôû ñaáy khoâng nghe thaáy aâm
relation to one’s own body and of limited
thanh naøo; khi caùc cö daân ôû ñoù muoán noùi
forms in the external world such as
chuyeän, moät tia saùng thanh tònh thoaùt ra khoûi
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beautiful or ugly, which helps the taâm linh chöùa ñöïng trong nhöõng thôøi thuyeát
cultivator to conquer attachment to forms. phaùp cuûa Phaät vaø caùc ñeä töû cuûa Ngaøi. Ñaây laø
2) Luoân bieát veà nhöõng hình thöùc cuûa thaân theå cô sôû giaùo lyù chuû yeáu cuûa phaùi Nam Toâng. Vi
vôùi nhöõng hình thöùc khoâng giôùi haïn cuûa Dieäu Phaùp laø taïng thöù ba trong Tam Taïng
theá giôùi beân ngoaøi, cuõng nhaèm giuùp cho Kinh Ñieån Phaät Giaùo cuûa tröôøng phaùi Phaät
ngöôøi tu taäp laøm chuû ñöôïc söï ham thích giaùo Nguyeân Thuûy—Basket of the Supreme
hình töôùng cuûa mình—Perception of forms Teaching, the third part of Buddhist Canon
in relation to the body and of unlimited (Tripitaka), usually known or called by the
external forms which also helps the short name Abhidharma. Books of
cultivator to conquer attachment to forms. psychological analysis and synthesis. Earliest
3) Luoân bieát khoâng coù nhöõng hình thöùc cuûa compilation of Buddhist philosophy and
thaân theå vôùi nhöõng hình thöùc giôùi haïn cuûa psychology, concerning psychological and
theá giôùi beân ngoaøi, ñieàu naày giuùp taêng spiritual phenomena contained in the
cöôøng ñònh löïc cuûa ngöôøi tu taäp— discourses of the Buddha and his principal
Perception of no forms in relation to one’s disciples are presented in a systematic order.
own body and limited external forms The Abhidharma reflects the views of
which help increasing or strengthening Hinayana. The Abhidharma is the third
the cultivator’s concentration ability. division of the Buddhist Canon of the
4) Luoân bieát khoâng coù nhöõng hình thöùc cuûa Theravadan School.
thaân theå vôùi nhöõng hình thöùc khoâng haïn Abhidhammattha-sangaha (p): A Tyø Ñaït
cheá cuûa theá giôùi beân ngoaøi, ñieàu naày cuõng Ma Giaùo Nghóa Cöông Yeáu—Do moät luaän sö
giuùp taêng cöôøng ñònh löïc cuûa ngöôøi tu ngöôøi Tích Lan teân Anuruddha soaïn vaøo
taäp—Perception of no forms in relation to khoaûng naêm 1100 sau Taây Lòch, giôùi thieäu
one’s own body and unlimited external toång quaùt giaùo nghóa cuûa phaùi A Tyø Ñaøm—
forms, which also helps strengthening the Composed by Anuruddha, a native of Ceylon,
cultivator’s concentration ability. in about 1100 AD, introduced an overview of
5) Töø giai ñoaïn naêm ñeán taùm, ngöôøi tu taäp Abhidhamma.
khoâng khoâng coøn löu yù ñeán nhöõng hình Abhidhammika (p): See Abhidharmika.
thöùc cuûa thaân theå, nhöng vaãn coøn bieát veà
Abhidhana (skt): Goïi teân—Naming.
nhöõng hình thöùc mang nhöõng maøu xanh,
Abhidharma (skt) Abhidhamma Pitaka
vaøng, ñoû, traéng. Nhöõng thöïc taäp naày giuùp
(p): A tyø ñaøm—A tyø ñaït ma Luaän—Vi Dieäu
ngöôøi tu taäp khoáng cheá nhöõng ham muoán
Phaùp—Buddhist commentaries—Special
veà caùi ñeïp beân ngoaøi—From the fifth
Teaching—For more information, please see
stage to the eighth stage, the cultivator
A Tyø Ñaït Ma in Vietnamese-English Section,
perceives no forms in relation to one’s
and Abhidhamma in Sanskrit/Pali-Vietnamese
own body, but externally blue, yellow,
Section.
red, and white forms are still perceived.
Abhidharma Dharma Skandha Pada
These practices will help the cultivator
(skt): A Tyø Ñaït Ma Phaùp Uaån Tuùc Luaän—Do
restraining attachment to beauty.
Ngaøi Ñaïi Muïc Kieàn Lieân bieân soaïn—
Abhidhamma-Pitaka (p): Higher Dharma—
Composed by Mahamaudgalyayana.
A tyø ñaït ma Luaän—Caùi gioû cuûa hoïc thuyeát cao
Abhidharma Dhatu Kaya Pada (skt): A
thöôïng vaø laø phaàn thöù ba cuûa Tam Taïng,
Tyø Ñaït Ma Tuùc Luaän—Do Ngaøi Theá Höõu bieân
thöôøng ñöôïc goïi taét laø Luaän. Nhöõng lôøi giaûng
soaïn.
vaø phaân tích veà caùc hieän töôïng taâm thaàn vaø
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Abhidharma Jnana Prasthana (skt): A Tyø Abhidharma, but also good in Sutra-pitaka and
Ñaït Ma Phaùt Trí Luaän—Do Tyø kheo AÁn Ñoä Vinaya-pitaka.
Caø Ña Dieãn Ni Töû soaïn vaøo khoaûng naêm 300 Abhidharma vibhasa sastra (skt): A Tyø
sau khi Phaät nhaäp dieät—Composed in about Ñaït Ma Tyø Ba Sa Luaän—Giaûi thích cuoán Phaùt
300 years after the Buddha passed away by Trí Luaän cuûa Caø Ña Dieãn Ni Töû—Explained
Katyayanitra, an Indian monk. the Abhidharma Jnana Prasthana of Bhikkhu
Abhidharma-kosa (skt) Abhidhamma- Katyayanitra.
kosha (p): A Tyø Ñaït Ma Caâu Xaù—Kho baùu Abhidharma Vijnana Kaya Pada (skt): A
Abhidharma, phaûn aûnh vieäc chuyeån töø Tieåu Tyø Ñaït Ma Thöùc Thaân Tuùc Luaän—Do Tyø
Thöøa (Hinayana) sang Ñaïi Thöøa (Mahayana) Kheo AÁn Ñoä teân Ñeà Baø Thieát Ma bieân soaïn,
ñöôïc Ngaøi Theá Thaân soaïn taïi Kashmir vaøo phuû nhaän caùi “ngaõ”—Abhidharma Vijnana
khoaûng theá kyû thöù 5 sau coâng nguyeân— Kaya Pada, composed by an Indian Bhikkhu
Treasure chamber of of the Abhidharma which named Devasarman, which denied the ego.
reflects the transition from the Hinayana to the Abhidheya (skt): YÙ nghóa—Meaning.
Mahayana, composed by Vasubandhu in Abhidheyavikalpa (skt): Sôû thuyeát baát
Kashmir in the fifth century AD. phaân—Söï phaân bieät sai laàm veà nhöõng gì ñaõ
Abhidharma Kosa Samaya Pradipika ñöôïc thuyeát giaûng hay mieâu taû—Wrong
(skt): A Tyø Ñaït Ma Caâu Xaù Hieån Toân Luaän— discrimination regarding what is described.
Do Ngaøi Chuùng Hieàn bieân soaïn. Abhijjha: Tham—Covetousness—Lust—
Abhidharma-Kosa-sastra: A tyø ñaït ma caâu (Synonym of Lobha and Tanha).
xaù luaän—Treasure (store-room—interior of a Abhijna (skt) Abhinna (p): Thaàn Thoâng—
carriage—collection of sentences) chamber of Super-knowledge.
the Abhidharma. • Thaàn thoâng laø nhöõng loaïi tueä giaùc ñaït
Abhidharma Nyayanusara (skt): A Tyø Ñaït ñöôïc baèng tu taäp thieàn ñònh: Super-
Ma Thuaän Chaùnh Lyù Luaän—Do Ngaøi Chuùng knowledge are modes of insight attained
Hieàn bieân soaïn. by the practice of Dhyana.
Abhidharma Pitaka (skt): Luaän Taïng. • Nhöõng quyeàn naêng sieâu nhieân, traïng thaùi
Abhidharma Prikarana Pada (skt): A Tyø taâm thöùc cao khi nhöõng naêng löïc taâm linh
ñöôïc phaùt trieån, nhöõng naêng löïc phi phaøm
Ñaït Ma Phaåm Loaïi Tuùc Luaän—Do Ngaøi Theá
coù ñöôïc ôû moät vò Phaät, Boà Taùt hay A la
Höõu bieân soaïn.
haùn. Goàm coù saùu loaïi (luïc thoâng): Thieân
Abhidharma-samgiti-Sastra: A tyø ñaït ma
nhaõn thoâng laø thaáy moïi vaät trong vuõ truï
taïp taäp luaän—Do Ngaøi Xaù Lôïi Phaát bieân
ngay caû nhöõng sinh töû cuûa theá gian; thieân
soaïn—Composed by Sariputra.
nhó thoâng laø nghe ñöôïc moïi tieáng cuûa trôøi
Abhidharma-sutra: A tyø ñaït ma Kinh.
ngöôøi; thaàn tuùc thoâng laø coù khaû naêng bieán
Abhidharmika (skt) Abhidhammika (p):
hieän khaép moïi nôi trong moïi luùc; tha taâm
Luaän Sö—Phaät Thích Ca Maâu Ni laø vò Luaän sö
thoâng laø ñoaùn bieát ñöôïc taâm hay yù töôûng
ñaàu tieân cuûa ñaïo Phaät—Luaän sö Phaät giaùo
cuûa ngöôøi khaùc; tuùc maïng thoâng laø bieát
nhöng cuõng gioûi veà Kinh vaø Luaät—Sakyamuni
chuyeän ñôøi tröôùc, ñôøi naày vaø ñôøi sau cuûa
Buddha is known as the first Abhidharmika in
mình vaø ngöôøi; laäu taän thoâng laø döùt taän
Buddhism, even though the Abhidharmika was
moïi oâ nhieãm chaáp tröôùc—Super
compiled long after his death—A Buddhist
knowledge or supernatural powers, a high
monk who specializes in the study of
state of consciousness when six spiritual
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powers have been developped, abilities Abhinivesa (skt): Chaáp tröôùc hay söï raøng
possesses by a Buddha, bodhisattva or buoäc—Attachment.
arhat. Modes of insight attained by the Abhinnalakshana (skt): Dò töôùng hay nhöõng
practice of Dhyana. There are six types:
traïng thaùi sai bieät—Differentiating marks.
Divine eyes which can see all things in the
Abhinnaya (p): Trí tueä cao sieâu—
universe including the cycles of births and
Supernormal knowledge—See Thaàn Thoâng.
deaths of all beings, divine ears which can
Abhirati (skt): Ñoâng ñoä Thieân Ñöôøng cuûa Tu
perceive all human and divine voices,
Maät La Thieân hay A Suùc Beä Phaät. Trong ñaïo
divine ability to be at anywhere at
Phaät, nhöõng caûnh giôùi tieâu bieåu cho nhöõng
anytime, divine perception of the thoughts
hieän töôïng taâm lyù hay taâm thöùc, chöù khoâng
of other beings, recollection of previous
phaûi laø nhöõng ñòa danh—Realm of Joy; the
existences, knowledge concerning the
paradise of the Buddha Akshobhya (A Suùc Beä
extinction of one’s own imputrity and
Phaät ôû phöông Ñoâng) in the East of the
passions—See Luïc Thoâng—See Thaàn
universe. In Buddhism, realms (paradises,
Thoâng.
hells, etc) are considered not geographical
Abhimana (skt): See Taêng Thöôïng Maïn in
locations but rather states of consciousness.
Vietnamese-English Section.
Abhisamacarika-sila (p): Giôùi haïnh oai
Abhimukti (skt): Tín giaûi (tin vaø hieåu) veà söï
nghi. Phaät daïy: “Chö Taêng Ni naøo khoâng coù
giaûi thoaùt khoûi chu kyø luaân hoài, chu kyø aáy chæ
giôùi haïnh uy nghi thì khoâng theå naøo tu haønh
tieáp dieãn khi naøo con ngöôøi vaãn coøn nhöõng duïc
thanh tònh ñöôïc.”—Morality consisting in good
voïng—Deliverance from the cycle of birth and
behavior relates to the external duties of a
death, which continues only as long as desires
monk, such as toward his superior. The Buddha
are present.
taught: “If certain monks and nuns have had no
Abhijna (skt) Abhinna (p) Thaàn thoâng—
good behavior, in no way they can fulfill the
Supernormal (supernatural—mystical)
law of genuine pure conduct.”
knowledges—The six high powers or
Abhisamaya (skt): Hieän chöùng hay söï theå
Supernormal knowledges—See Thaàn Thoâng.
chöùng noäi taïi, hay thöïc chöùng ñaày ñuû vaø tröïc
Abhilakshana (skt):
tieáp veà Töù Dieäu Ñeá cuûa haøng Döï löu. Söï theå
• Chuyeân caàu hay mong öôùc maõnh lieät:
chöùng naày cao hôn söï hieåu bieát baèng tri thöùc
Earnestly desiring.
veà chaân lyù, noù thuoäc taâm linh—Inner
• Tha thieát mong caàu söï theå chöùng trí tueä toái
realization or truth-realization, or full and
thöôïng voán ôû trogn taâm thöùc saâu kín nhaát
direct grasp of the four Noble Truths by the
cuûa mình: By earnestly seeking for the
Stream-Winner (döï löu). This is more than an
realization of the supreme wisdom which
intellectual understanding of the truth, it is
is in one’s inmost consciousness.
spiritual.
Abhilapavikalpa (skt): Ngoân thuyeát phaân Abhisambodha (skt): Chöùng hay söï giaùc ngoä
bieät hay söï phaân bieät sai laàm veà caùc bieåu theå,
hoaøn toaøn—Being fully awake.
nhö chaáp vaøo aâm thanh, baøi haùt, vaân vaân—
Abhisankhara (skt) Abhisamkhara (p):
Wrong discrimination concerning sounds and
Haønh Nghieäp Ma vöông, gioáng nhö maéc xích
expressions, i.e., getting attached to various
thöù nhì trong 12 nhaân duyeân—Karma
pleasant sounds and songs, etc.
formations, identical with the second link of
Abhinibbatti (p) Punabhava (skt): Taùi
the paticcasamuppada.
sanh—Rebirth.
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Abhiseka (skt) Abhishekha (p): stage in the Bodhisattva’s career—See Thaäp
(A) Phaùp Quaùn ñaûnh—Baptism, Sprinkling, Ñòa (B) (8).
Initiation, or Anointment: Acalanatha (p): Baát Ñoäng Toân.
a) Leã xöùc daàu nhaäp moân cuûa phaùi Kim Acarin (skt): Haønh giaû—Practitioner—One
Cöông Thöøa; trong ñoù caùc moân sinh nhaän who practises and performs the duties of a
töø thaày mình quyeàn ñöôïc hieán mình cho disciple.
nhöõng luyeän taäp thieàn ñònh ñaëc bieät: Acariya-mutthi (p): Maät giaùo—Esoteric
Baptism or anointment—Consecration or
doctrine—Secret teaching.
Initiation—The process used by Vajrayana
Acarya (skt) Acharya (p): A Kyø Lôïi—A Giaø
(Maät Toâng), in which the disciple is
Lôïi Da—A Giaø Leâ Da—A Xaø Leâ—Giaùo
empowered by the master to carry out
thoï—Moät trong hai loaïi thaày tinh thaàn ñöôïc
specific meditation practices—Initiation of
bieát ñeán trong Phaät giaùo; ngöôøi chaúng nhöõng
transmission of power.
thoâng hieåu giaùo lyù maø coøn thöïc chöùng nhöõng
b) Goàm coù boán giai ñoaïn nhaäp moân keá tieáp
chaân lyù chöùa ñöïng trong ñoù—Teacher—A
nhau—There are four different sucessive
spiritual guide or teacher—One who knows or
stages of initiation:
teaches the acara or rules of good conduct—
1) Nhaäp moân bình cuùng: Vase initiation.
Master or Teacher of the dharma. One of the
2) Nhaäp moân bí maät: Secret initiation.
two kinds of spiritual masters (known in
3) Nhaäp moân trí naêng: Wisdom initiation.
Buddhism) who not only has mastered the
4) Nhaäp moân thöù tö: Fourth initiation.
dharmas also has realized the truths they
(B) Khi moät vò Boà Taùt ñaït ñeán ñòa cuoái cuøng
contain.
hay Phaùp Vaân Ñòa (Dharmamegha) cuûa söï
Acavanadhamma (p): Baát Chung Phaùp—Not
tu taäp, ngaøi ñöôïc chö Phaät quaùn ñaûnh baèng
subject to death.
nhöõng baøn tay cuûa caùc Ngaøi, vaø vò Boà Taùt
Accadhaya (p): Having placed one leg upon
aáy ñöôïc chính thöùc khai nhaän nhö laø moät
the other in a slightly changed position—Ñeå
vò trong chö Phaät: When a Bodhisattva
chaân naøy treùo leân chaân kia trong tö theá hôi
reaches his last stage of self-discipline, he
thay ñoåi.
is anointed by the Buddhas with their own
hands and formally inaugurated as one of Accana (p): Honor—Danh döï.
them. Accanta (p): Perpetual—Absolute (a)—Tuyeät
Abhutaparikalpa (skt): Hö voïng phaân bieät ñoái.
hay söï phaùn ñoaùn sai laàm—False judgment— Accasanna (p): Very near (a)—Raát gaàn.
Trong Kinh Laêng Giaø, Ñöùc Phaät daïy: “Vì söï Accaya (p): Fault—Laàm loãi.
phaùn ñoaùn sai laàm ñöôïc neâu ra veà caùc söï vaät Accayika (p): Urgent (a)—Khaån caáp.
ñöôïc quan nieäm trong phöùc tính cuûa chuùng neân
Acceti (p): To pass time—Cho qua thôøi gian.
xaõy ra söï chaáp thuû maïnh meõ vaøo theá giôùi beân
Accha (p): Clear—Pure—Trong treûo.
ngoaøi.”—In the Lankavatara Sutra, the Buddha
Acchadana (p): Clothing—Quaàn aùo—Y
taught: “As a variety of false judgements is
phuïc.
given to objects conceived in their multiplicity,
there takes place a strong clinging to the Acchadeti (p): To cover with—To clothe—
external world." Maëc quaàn aùo.
Acala (skt & p): Baát Ñoäng Ñòa—The Acchambhi (p): Fearless—Not frightened—
Immovable—Not moving—Unshakable—A Voâ uùy.
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Acchara (p): Short moment—Khoaûng thôøi Baát Khaû Tö Nghì in Vietnamese-English
gian ngaén. Section.
Acchara-sanghata (p): In a snapping of Acintyamati (p): Baát Khaû Tö Nghò Hueä.
fingers—Trong moät khaûy moùng tay (trong Acira (p): Recent—New (a)—Vöøa môùi.
khoaûng thôøi gian thaät ngaén). Aciravata (p): A-Di-Na-Hoøa-Ñeà—Name of a
Acchariya (p): Wonder—Kyø dieäu. novice.
Acchariyabbhutadhamma (p): Vò Taèng Aciravati (p): A-Di-La-Baø-Ñeà—Teân cuûa moät
Höõu Phaùp—Marvellous quality. trong naêm con soâng lôùn taïi AÁn Ñoä—Name of
Acchariya manussa (p): Ngöôøi phi thöôøng— one of the five big rivers in India.
An extraordinary man—A Marvellous man. Acitta (skt): Phi taâm hay vöôït khoûi taâm
Acchecchi (p): Cut out—Destroyed—Phaù thöùc—No-mind or beyond mentation—No-
huûy. mindness.
Acchejja (p): Unbreakable—Indestructible— Asaya: A theá da.
Baát hoaïi. Adana (skt): Teân khaùc cuûa A Laïi Da Thöùc—
Acchijja (p): Of the following—Theo sau Another name for Alaya consciousness—See
ñaây. Alaya Vijnana in Sanskrit/Pali-Vietnamese
Acchindati (p): To rob—To take by force— and A Laïi Da Thöùc in Vietnamese-English
Sections.
Cöôùp.
Acci (p): Flame (n)—Ngoïn löûa. Adanavijnana (skt): A Ñaø Na Thöùc hay
Chaáp Trì Thöùc—See Alaya-Vijnana in
Accita (p): Esteemed—Honored (a)—Ñöôïc
Sanskrit/Pali-Vietnamese Section.
vinh döï—Ñöôïc kính troïng.
Adarsavimba (skt): AÛnh trong kính—Mirror-
Accodaka (p): Too much water—Quaù nhieàu
image.
nöôùc.
Adbhuta-dharma: A phuø ñaø ñaït ma—Kinh
Accuggata (p): Very high (a)—Raát cao.
Vò Taèng Höõu—Rare, marvel (wonder) and
Accunha (p): Very hot (a)—Raát noùng.
unprecedented occurences—A system or
Accussanna (p): Much abundant (a)—Raát
series of marvels or prodigies.
nhieàu.
Addhamasa (p): A fortnight—Möôøi laêm
Accuta (p): Everlasting (a)—Not passing
ngaøy.
away—Tröôøng toàn.
Addharatta (p): Midnight—Nöûa ñeâm.
Acela (p): Void of cloth—Naked (a)—Traàn
Adhamma (p): Wrong—Unjust—Evil—
truoàng.
Immoral—Xaáu aùc.
Acelaka (p): Naked ascetic—Khoå haïnh traàn
Adhicitta (p): Taêng thöôïng taâm—Lofty mind.
truoàng.
Adhigamavabodha (skt): Chöùng tri—
Acetana (p): Senseless—Voâ giaùc.
Realization.
Acintya (skt) Acinteyya (p): Baát khaû tö nghì
Adhimokkha (p): Determination—Söï quyeát
hay khoâng theå nghó baøn—Beyond the power of
ñònh.
mentation—Cannot or could not be thought—
Adhipatiphala (skt): See Taêng Thöôïng Quaû.
Unthinkable—Incomprehensible—
Adhipati-pratyaya (skt: Taêng thöôïng
Impenetrable—Inconceivable—For more
duyeân—Overarching circumstances—
information, see Baát Khaû Tö Nghì, and Nguõ
401 1

Circumstances over and above—Promoting Adityasambhava-Buddha: Nhöït sanh Phaät.
circumstances—See Taêng Thöôïng Duyeân. Adukkha asukha (p): Baát khoå baát laïc—
Adhisthana (skt): Gia trì löïc hay uy thaàn Without suffering, without happiness.
löïc—Naêng löïc taâm linh cuûa Ñöùc Phaät gia trì Advayta or Advaita (skt)—Töø ngöõ cuûa AÁn
cho moät vò Boà Taùt vaø hoä trì vò aáy xuyeân qua
Ñoä giaùo coù nghóa laø “baát nhò”—Hindu term
quaù trình tu taäp cuûa vò aáy. Ñaây laø moät trong
meaning non-dual or not two.
nhöõng quan nieäm ñaëc bieät cuûa Phaät giaùo Ñaïi • Baát nhò hay voâ nhò: Non-dual—Not two.
Thöøa—The spiritual power of the Buddha • Voâ nhò bieân: Non-duality.
which is added to a Bodhisattva and sustains • See Baát Nhò in Vietnamese-English
him through his course of discipline. This is
Section.
one of the conceptions peculiar to Mahayana
Aga (p): Mountain—Nuùi.
Buddhism.
Agada: Medicine—Drug—Phoå khöû (thuoác tröø
Adi-Buddha (skt): A ñeà Phaät—Laø baäc Toaøn
moïi thöù bònh).
thieän hay Toaøn phuùc, moät trong nhöõng vò Boà
Agadha (p): Very deep—Thaät saâu.
Taùt quan troïng trong Ñaïi thöøa Phaät giaùo, laø
Agama (skt): A-Haøm.
ngöôøi baûo hoä cho nhöõng ai truyeàn baù vaø hoaèng
• Ñaïi thöøa goïi ñaây laø nhöõng söu taäp caùc vaên
trì chaùnh phaùp—Coøn ñöôïc goïi laø Phoå Hieàn Boà
baûn Kinh baèng tieáng Phaïn (töông ñöông
Taùt, côõi voi traéng saùu voøi, xuaát hieän beân caïnh
vôùi Nikaya trong thuaät ngöõ Pali). Kinh A
Phaät Thích Ca vaø Vaên Thuø. Voi traéng töôïng
Haøm laø baûn dòch tieáng Hoa nhöõng kinh
tröng cho söùc maïnh cuûa trí naêng löôùt thaéng trôû
ñieån hay nhöõng baøi giaûng cuûa Ñöùc Phaät
ngaïi, coøn saùu voøi töôïng tröng cho söï chieán
baèng Phaïn ngöõ—A traditional doctrine or
thaéng saùu giaùc quan—The self-existence,
precept—Collection of Buddha’s
unoriginated source of Universal Mind—One
doctrine—Sacred work—Anything handed
who is All-pervadingly Good, and Whose
down and fixed by tradition—Mahayana
Beneficence Is Everywhere. One of the most
name for collections of writings of the
important bodhisattvas of Mahayana
Sanskrit canon or sutras or sermons as
Buddhism. He is venerated as the protector of
collected by the Sarvastivadin school of
all those who teach and practice the dharma.
Hinayana.
Also called Fu-H’sien who rides a white
• Kinh A Haøm laø baûn dòch tieáng Hoa nhöõng
elephant with six tusks appears alongside with
kinh ñieån hay nhöõng baøi thuyeát giaûng cuûa
Sakyamuni Buddha and Manjusri. The white
Ñöùc Phaät baèng Phaïn ngöõ ñöôïc tröôøng phaùi
elephant represents the power of wisdom to
Ñaïi Chuùng Boä cuûa Tieåu Thöøa thaâu thaäp.
overcome obstructions. The six tusks represent
Boä A Haøm hôi khaùc vôùi boä taïng kinh cuûa
overcoming attachment to the six senses.
Phaät giaùo Nguyeân Thuûy ngaøy nay—The
Adinava (p): Unsatisfactoriness—Danger—
Agamas are Chinese translations of the
Evil consequence—Haäu quaû xaáu aùc.
sutras or sermons in Sanskrit of the
Adinnadana (p): Baát döõ Thuû—Taking what
Buddha, collected by the Sarvastivadin
is not given.
School of the Hinayana. They vary little
Adinnadanam (p): Troäm ñaïo.
from the corresponding Sutta Pitaka of the
Aditta Parayaya (p): Taát caû ñeàu bò thieâu ñoát. Theravada Canon of today.
Adhitthana (p): Nhaãn nhuïc—Forbearance— • Theo Töø Ñieån Phaät Hoïc Vieät Nam cuûa
Endurance—Patience. Hoøa Thöôïng Thích Minh Chaâu, coù boán
Aditya (p): Nhöït Thaàn—The sun god or spirit. loaïi Kinh A Haøm—According to Most
401 2

Venerable Thich Minh Chaâu in Agata (skt): Lai (ñaõ ñeán nôi)—Come or
Vietnamese Buddhist Dictionary, there are arrived.
four Agamas: Agati :
(A) Kinh Taïng thuoäc vaên heä Baéc Phaïn goàm • Agati (p): Wrong course—Taø ñaïo.
boán boä A Haøm—Sanskrit Sutras consist of • Agati (p): Taø ñaïo ñeå phaân bieät vôùi Chaùnh
four Agamas:
ñaïo hay con ñöôøng ñi tôùi giaùc ngoä—The
1) Tröôøng A Haøm goàm naêm möôi baûn kinh:
wrong path as distinct from the right path,
Dirghagama (skt)—Long Collection which
or the path to enlightenment.
comprises fifty sutras. • Agati (skt): Taùi sanh—Rebirth.
2) Trung A Haøm goàm 222 baûn kinh baøn
Agga (p): The highest—Cao nhaát.
nhöõng vaán ñeà sieâu hình: Madhyamagama
Agganna (p): Known as the highest (a)—
(skt)—Medium Collection which
Ñöôïc bieát nhö laø ngöôøi hay söï vieäc gì cao
comprises of 222 sutras, concerning with
nhaát.
metaphysical problems.
Aggha (p): Price—Giaù trò.
3) Taïp A Haøm goàm 1362 baûn kinh, nhöõng
vaên baûn hoãn hôïp naày baøn veà suy töôûng Agghati (p): To be worth—To deserve—Coù
tröøu töôïng: Samyuktagama (skt)— giaù trò.
Miscellaneous Collection which comprises Aggi (p): Fire—Löûa.
of 1,362 sutras, dealing with abstract Aggikkhandha (p): A mass of fire—Moät
meditation. ñaùm löûa lôùn.
4) Taêng Nhöùt A Haøm goàm 51 baûn kinh, baøn Aggiparicarana (p): Fire-worship—Thôø löûa.
veà caùc con soá: Ekottarikagama (skt)—
Aggisala (p): Heated room—Phoøng ñöôïc söôûi
Numerical Collection which comprises 51
aám.
sutras.
Aggisikha (p): Flame—Ngoïn löûa.
(B) Kinh Taïng thuoäc vaên heä Nam Phaïn goàm
Aggivessana (p): A Kyø Xaù Na—Teân cuûa moät
naêm boä A Haøm—Pali Sutras consist of
boä toäc Baø-La-Moân—Probably name of a
five Agamas:
Brahmin clan.
1) Tröôøng Boä Kinh: Dighanikaya (p).
2) Trung Boä Kinh: Majjhimanikaya (p). Aghi (p): The sky—Baàu trôøi.
3) Töông Öng Boä Kinh: Samyuttanikaya (p). Agni:
4) Taêng Chi Boä Kinh: Anguttaranikaya (p). 1) Thaàn Hoûa—The fire spirit.
5) Tieåu Boä Kinh: Khuddakanikaya (p). 2) Moät vöông quoác coå naèm veà phía baéc cuûa
Agantuklesa (skt): See Khaùch Traàn in Lop Nor, maø baây giôø laø Karashahr: An
Vietnamese-English Section. ancient kingdom north of Lop Nor,
presently Karashahr.
Agara (p): House—Dwelling place—Nhaø—
Nôi cö truù. Agnosticism: Thuyeát khoâng theå bieát veà baûn
chaát cuûa chaân lyù toái thöôïng—The doctrine that
Agarika (p): Layman—Ngöôøi taïi gia.
man can never know the nature of Ultimate
Agaru:
Reality
1) Agaru (p): Not heavy—Khoâng naëng.
Agotra: Voâ taùnh Boà Taùt.
2) Agaru (p): Not troublesome—Khoâng gaây
phieàn phöùc. Ahamkara (skt): Taø kieán veà caùi ngaõ baát töû vaø
3) Agaru (skt): Traàm höông—Aloes—The thöôøng haèng—The false belief of individuality,
fragrant Aloe wood or tree.