Table Of ContentVICTORIAN BLOOMSBURY
Also by S.P.Rosenbaum
THE BLOOMSBURY GROUP: ACollection of Memoirs,
Commentary, and Criticism
*EDWARDIANBLOOMSBURY: The Early Literary History
ofthe Bloomsbury Group, Volume 2
*From the same publishers
VICTORIAN
BLOOMSBURY
The Early Literary History ofthe Bloomsbury Group
Volume 1
S. P. Rosenbaum
palgrave
macmillan
©S.P.Rosenbaum1987
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Firstpublished1987
Reprinted(withcorrections)1994
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ISBN 978-0-312-84051-8(cloth)
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Rosenbaum,S.P.(StanfordPatrick), 1929
VictorianBloomsbury. theearlyliteraryhistory
oftheBloomsburygroup.
"Volume I."
Bibliography:p.
Includesindex.
I.Bloomsburygroup. 2.Englishliterature-20th
century-Historyandcriticism. 3.Englishliterature
19thcentury-Historyandcriticism. 4.Universityof
Cambridge-History-19thcentury. 5.Cambridge
(Cambridgeshire)-Intellectua]life. 6.Bloomsbury
(London,England}-Intellectuallife. 7.London
(England)-Intellectuallife. I.Title.
PR478.B46R67 1987 823'.912'09 86--3940
This history is dedicated to
Naomi Black
Contents
Acknowledgements IX
Explanation ofReferences andAbbreviations XUJ
Introduction
PART ONE ORIGINS
1 Intellectual Backgrounds 21
2 Leslie Stephen 35
3 Some Victorian Visions 58
PART TWO CAMBRIDGE: LITERARY
EDUCATION
4 History and Classics at King's and Trinity 109
5 English Literary Lectures, Reading and Essays 123
6 Modern Reading 138
PART THREE CAMBRIDGE: PHILOSOPHICAL
EDUCATION
7 Philosophy and the Cambridge Apostles 161
8 Dickinson and McTaggart 176
9 Russell 193
10 Moore 214
Vll
viii Contents
PART FOUR CAMBRIDGE WRITINGS
11 Memoirs, Apostle Papers and Other Essays 241
12 Poems, Plays, Parodies 265
Nous 279
Bibliography 288
Index 300
Acknowledgements
Though Victorian Bloomsbury is in no wayan authorised literary
history ofBloomsbury's early years, nor even for that matter an
unauthorised one, it could not have been written without the
unremittingco-operationand kindness ofa considerable number
ofpeople, some ofwhom were members oftheGroup themselves
or closely related to them. Many of those who have helped me
overthe years I now cannot thank,butin gratitudeand memory
I make no distinction here between the living and the dead.
I was fortunate to be able to talk and correspond about
Bloomsbury and its works with three ofthe original members of
the Group: E. M. Forster, Leonard Woolfand Duncan Grant. I
also benefited from conversations with David and Angelica
Garnett and withJames and Alix Strachey. But above all it has
been Quentin Bell, the one figure in Bloomsbury fully an artist
and a writer, who has helped me longer and more often than
anyone else.
In writing on Virginia and Leonard Woolf I am much in
debted to Anne Olivier Bell and her excellent edition ofVirginia
Woolf's diary. With E. M. Forster I have been kindly helped by
his biographer, P. N. Furbank, and his editor, Oliver Stally
brass. Michael Holroyd, Anne Wilson and Paul Levy of the
Strachey Trust have been very helpful in providing access to
Lytton Strachey's extensive unpublished writings. Desmond
MacCarthy's papers were made available to me along with
much helpful advice by Dermod MacCarthy, David and Rachel
Cecil, Chloe MacCarthy and Desmond MacCarthy.Julian Fry,
Pamela Diamand and Frances Spalding have provided
illuminatinginformation about Roger Fry, and FrancesSpalding
has also helped me valuably with Vanessa Bell's lifeand letters.
I have benefited from Donald Moggridge's knowledge ofKeynes
and his papers. Trekkie Parsons has kindly given me access to
Leonard Woolf's papers, and AngelicaGarnett toVanessa Bell's
papers.
IX
x Acknowledgements
A number oflibraries and librarians have been indispensable
for the research in Victorian Bloomsbury. Ofgreat assistance with
most of the Bloomsbury writers have been A. N. L. Munbyof
King's College, Cambridge, and Lola Szladits of the Berg Col
lection in the New York Public Library. In addition to these two
great archivists, I am considerably indebted to Elizabeth Inglis,
and John Burt as well, for repeated help with the papers of
Virginiaand Leonard Woolfat the University ofSussex Library.
I have also been assisted with the Charleston Papers and the
papers ofE. M. Forster and Roger Fry at King's by Peter Croft
and particularly the Modern Archivist, Michael Halls, with his
detailed knowledge of the collection. Penelope Bulloch and
Marion Stewart, formerly of the King's College Library, were
also very helpful. The assistance of Leila Luedeking of the
Washington State University Library has been invaluable.
Rosemary Graham and Trevor Kaye ofthe Library at Trinity
College, Cambridge, assisted me with the papers ofClive Bell,
and A. E. B. Owen of the University of Cambridge Library
kindly provided copies of G.E. Moore's papers, to which
Dorothy Moore gave me access before they were sold to that
library.Judith Allen has been helpful with Keynes's papers in
the Marshall Library at Cambridge, and Ellen Dunlap of the
Humanities Research Center, University of Texas, with the
various Bloomsbury-related collections there. I am also very
grateful to the staff of the British Library for help with the
extensive Strachey papers and with manuscripts of Virginia
Woolf,J. M. Keynes, E. M. Forster and Duncan Grant, and to
the British Broadcasting Script Library for broadcasts by and
about Bloomsbury. The Robert H. Taylor Collection of the
Princeton University Library gave me access to its Strachey
papers. And back home I am very much obliged to the staffof
the University of Toronto Libraries, in particular to Richard
Landon and Christina DuffStewart. I have also benefited from
the excellent Bloomsbury collection of Mary Jackman at Vic
toria College, and from the help ofthe college librarian, Robert
Brandeis.
Various other institutions have provided financial assistance
ofone kind or another for study, research and writing. For these
I thank theCarnegieFoundation for the AdvancementofTeach
ing; the Guggenheim Foundation; the Social Sciences and
Humanities Research Council of Canada, and its predecessor,
