Table Of ContentVibration and Wear in
High Speed Rotating Machinery
NATO ASI Series
Advanced Science Institutes Series
A Series presenting the results of activities sponsored by the NA TO Science Committee,
which aims at the dissemination of advanced scientific and technological knowledge,
with a view to strengthening links between scientific communities.
The Series is published by an international board of publishers in conjunction with the
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A Life Sciences Plenum Publishing Corporation
B Physics London and New York
C Mathematical Kluwer Academic Publishers
and Physical Sciences Dordrecht, Boston and London
D Behavioural and Social Sciences
E Applied Sciences
F Computer and Systems Sciences Springer-Verlag
G Ecological Sciences Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, London,
H Cell Biology Paris and Tokyo
Series E: Applied Sciences· Vol. 174
Vibration and Wear in
High Speed Rotating Machinery
edited by
J. M. Montalvao e Silva
and
F. A. Pina da Silva
CEMUL, Lisbon Institute of Technology,
Lisbon, Portugal
Kluwer Academic Publishers
Dordrecht / Boston / London
Published in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on
Vibration and Wear Damage in High Speed Rotating Machinery
Troia, Sebutal, Portugal
April 10-22, 1989
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
NATO Advanced Study Institute on Vibration and Wear Damage in High
Speed Rotating Machinery (1989 , Troia. Portugal)
Vibration and wear in high ~peed rotating machinery / edited by
J.M. Montalvao e Si lva and F.A. Pina da Si lva (CEMUL. Lisbon
Institute of Technology).
p. cm. -- (NATO ASI series. Series E. Applied sciences; vol.
174)
1. Turbomachines--Vibration. 2. Mechanical wear. I. Montalvao e
Si lva. J. M. (J,jll0 Martins). 1945- II. Pina da Si lva. F. A.
(Fernando Antonio). 1946- III. Tj"le. IV. Series: NATO AS!
~eries. SerIes E. Applied sciences; no. 174.
TJ266.N36 1989
621.406--ac20 89-24635
ISBN -13: 978-94-010-7354-7 e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-1914-3
DOl: 10.1007/978-94-009-1914-3
Published by Kluwer Academic Publishers,
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No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or
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permission from the copyright owner.
CONTENTS
PREFACE ix
PART I - PARTICLE AND WEAR DEBRIS ANALYSIS
Particles in Lubricating Oils - Sources and Consequences -
by E. Jantzen
Condition Monitoring of Machine Elements: Particle Separation and Investigation
by E. Jantzen 13
Condition Monitoring of Machine Elements - Measuring Methods for Particle Amount and Size
by E. Jantzen 35
Lubricants - Indicators for Oil System Damage and Malfunction
by K. Maier 49
Early Failure Detection by Spectrometric Methods
by K. Maier 63
Magnetic Methods of Condition Monitoring
~K.M~ ~
PART 11-EROSION, FRETTING WEAR AND VillRATIONS FUNDAMENTALS
Cavitation Noise in Centrifugal Pumps
by J. F. Guelich 87
Part Load Flow Phenomena and Excitation Forces in Centrifugal Pumps
by J. F. Guelich 113
Estimation of Erosion Rates and Implosion Pressures in Cavitating Pumps and Cavitation Test
Device
by J. F. Guelich 135
Vibrations and Fretting Wear
by Y. Berthier, L. Vincent and M. Godet 153
Wear Testing of Materials for Machines
by D. S. Coleman 185
Wear Analysis of Vanes Pumps Running with Thickened High Water Based Fluids
by H. Ortwig 203
Machinery Vibration Measurements and Analysis
by J. M. Montalvao e Silva 221
Critical Speeds of Continuous Shaft-Disc Systems
by M. Sabuncu and A. Ka~ar 241
A Theoretical Study into the Effects of Damped Flexible Foundations on the Dynamic Behaviour of a
66 0MW LP Steam Turbine
by P. S. Leung, I. A. Craighead and T. S. Wilkinson 253
vi
A General Method for Rotordynamic Analysis
by K.-H. Becker and E. Steinhardt 263
Vibration of Rotor-Bearing Assemblies
byR. Holmes 279
Modal Testing Techniques
by D. J. Ewins 299
Applications and Advances of Modal Testing
by D. J. Ewins 311
Modal Testing of Machinery Components
by D. J. Ewins 323
Solid Particle Erosion in Electric Power Plants
by R. Martinella 339
PART III - ROTOR/BEARING BEHAVIOUR
On Bearing Deformation and Temperature Distribution in Dynamically-Loaded Engine Bearings
by R. Holmes 385
The Control of Rotor Vibration Using Squeeze-Film Dampers
by R. Holmes 399
Flow Efficiency and Excitation in Turbine Stages
by N. F. Rieger 413
An Electroviscous Damper
by J. L. Nikolajsen and M. S. Hoque 445
Dynamic Behaviour of Hydrostatic Radial Bearings
by M. Vermeulen 455
Stability of Rotating Machines Running in Variable Stiffness Bearings
by M. J. Goodwin, M. P. Roach and J. E. T. Penny 471
Gas Bearing Design and Instabilities
by F. Pina da Silva 487
Identification of Stiffness, Damping and Inertia Coefficients of Annular Turbulent Seals
by R. Nordmann 507
Identification of Modal Parameters of an Elastic Rotor With Oil Film Bearings
by R. Nordmann 527
The Effect of Translational and Conical Bearing Misalignment on the Response and Stability of a
Non-Linear Rotor Bearing System
by P. J. Ogrodnik, M. J. Goodwin and J. E. T. Penny 547
Stability of Flexible Rotor Supported on Journal Bearings
by F. Kaya 559
Non Linear Effects in Lubricated Bearings
by G. Diana, F. Cheli, A. Manenti and F. Petrone 567
Foundation Effects in Rotor Dynamic Behaviour
by G. Diana 581
A Method for Dynamics Calculations of Rotor-Bearing-Foundation Systems
by J. W. Lund 593
Dynamic Coefficients for Fluid Film Journal Bearings
by J. W. Lund 605
vii
Destabilization of Rotors from Friction in Internal Joints
by I. W.Lund 617
PART IV - EXPERT SYSTEMS AND LIFE ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES
A Survey of Dynamic Loading Conditions on Gear Teeth Contacts
by P. Ve1ex and D. Berthe 631
Remaining Life Evalutation for Steam Turbine Blades
by N. F. Rieger 653
Remaining Life Evaluation for Steam Turbine Rotors
by N. F. Rieger 685
A Measurement System for Computer Aided Monitoring of Bearings
by H. Karagiille and H. F. Oktem 723
Ten Crucial Concepts Behind Trustworthy Fault Detection in Machine Condition Monitoring
by M. Serridge 729
Some Requirements for Automated Data-Reduction Systems Suitable for Processing Vibration
Measurements Taken on High-Speed Rotating Machinery for the Support of Operational and
Maintenance Decisions
by G. L. Muster IT and D. Muster 741
An Intelligent Knowledge Based System for Fault Diagnosis in Turbomachinery
by C. Steinebach and M. F. White 759
The Use of Rotordynamics Simulation as an Aid for Fault Diagnosis in Turbomachinery
by M. F. White, C. Steinebach and P. M. Langas 773
"Fail-Safe" Concept and Reliability in High-Speed Bearing Arrangements for Aerospace Tur
bomachinery
by F. J. Ebert 783
Machinery Diagnostics: Examples of Application to Thermoelectric Plants
by G. Diana, M Gasparetto and A. Vania 805
Analyse Fonctionnelle de la Microgeometrie d'un Contact E.H.D .. Critere d'Endommagement en
Fatigue Superficielle
by L. Flamand, Ph. Sainsot and D. Berthe 815
SUBJECT INDEX 847
PREFACE
T~~botogy and Vynam~c~ a~e u6uatty con6~de~ed a~ 6epa~ate
6ubject6. Acco~d~ngty, ~e6ea~che~6 ~n th06e two 6~etd6
6etdom meet, de6p~te, the 6act that the~e ~6 a con~~de~a
bie ove~tap 06 ~nte~e~t~ namety when deat~ng w~th ~otat~ng
mach~ne~y cond~t~on mon~to~~ng.
Rotat~ng mach~ne~ a~e u~ed ~n atmo~t eve~y ~ndu~t~~at
appt~cat~on namety m~t~ta~y, powe~ gene~at~on, chem~cat ,
600d p~oce6~~ng, etc. Any powe~ u~e~ o~ gene~at~ng ~y~tem
~6 ba6ed on ~otat~ng mach~ne~ 6uch a~ tu~b~ne~, 6an~,
pump6, comp~e~~o~~, etc. mak~ng the ~c~ent~6ic e660~t~ in
the 6~etd 06 ~otat~ng mach~ne~y in ~ecent yea~~ wett
ju~t~6~ed.
Fa~tu~e 06 ~otat~ng component~, due to wea~ andlo~ v~b~a
t~on p~obtem~, ~~ 6t~tt d~66~cutt to p~ed~ct and ~e~utt~
6~eQuentty 6~om ~nadeQuaxe de~~gn. Thi~ i~ o~iginaxed by
~mpe~6ecx knowtedge 06 the acxuat behav~ou~ 06 xhe ~y~tem~
Ve~pixe xhe p~og~e~~ achieved in xhe 6ietd~ 06 x~ibotogy
and dynamic~, a tack 06 communicaxion ctea~ty ~xitl exi~x~
between xh06e ~nvolved in de~ign and developmenx ~n indu~-
x~y and ~e~ea~ch team~ in un~ve~~ixie6 and othe~
li~hmenx~.
B~inging togethe~ x~ibotog~6t~ and dynam~c~6t~ ~n o~de~ xo
cont~ibute xo inc~ea6e p~og~e~6 ~n both 6ietd~ wa~ the main
object~6 06 the NATO AVVANCEV STUVY INSTITUTE (ASI) on
"VIBRATION ANV WEAR VAMAGE IN HIGH SPEW ROTATING MACHINERY"
hetd ~n T~oia, Po~xugat, 10xh to 22nd Ap~il 1989, and o~ga
n~zed by CEMUL-Cente~ 06 Mechan~c~ and Maxe~ial~ 06 the
Technicat Un~ve~~~ty 06 Li~bon.
In thi~ way ~t wa~ env~6aged to make a gtobat a~~e~~menx 06
6a~tu~e~ ~n ~otax~ng mach~ne~y. Speciat xopic~ 06 g~ow~ng
ix
x
impo~~anee we~e eove~ed, namely phy~ieal and ma~hema~ieal
-modelling, modal analy~i~ and ~y~~em iden~i&iea~ion, ba
laneing, in&luenee 0& bea~ing behaviou~ in ~he dynamie 0&
~o~o~~, in~e~ae~ion wi~h &ounda~ion~, in~~abili~y ~h~e~hold,
non-linea~ a~pee~~, vib~a~ion mea~u~ing and moni~o~ing,
~peei&ie lub~iea~ion analy~i~ (&ilt~a~ion, pa~tiele monito~
ing, ete.).
Thi~ booR eontain~ the edited ve~~ion 0& leetu~e~ and
~e~ea~eh eont~ibution~ p~e~ented at the mentioned ASI. The
In~titute wa~ at~ended by 52 pa~tieipant~, ineluding 12
leetu~e~~, &~om 7 eount~ie~. Pa~~ieipant~ ineluded leading
~eienti~t~ and enginee~~ &~om unive~~itie~, ~e~ea~eh in~t~
tution~ and indu~t~y, and al~o po~t g~aduate ~tudent~. Some
pa~tieipant~ p~e~ented pape~~ du~ing the In~titute, ~e
po~ting the ~~ate-o&-the-a~t 0& thei~ ~e~ea~eh p~ojeet~.
Ail the ~e~~ion~ we~e ve~y aetive and exten~ive di~eu~~ion~
on ~eienti&ie a~peet~ took plaee. The~e&o~e thi~ ASI wa~
~eally a &o~um &o~ inte~aetion among expe~t~ and young
~e~ea~ehe~~.
The p~e~en~ booR will be 0& high inte~e~t &o~ young ~eienti~t~
and enginee~~ wo~king in t~ibology and dynamie~ 0& ~y~tem~
and looRing &o~ updated view on wea~ and vib~ation in high
~peed ~otating maehnine~y.
A &u~the~ eont~ibution &o~ thi~ pu~po~e i~ given by the ext en
~ive numbe~ 0& ~e&e~enee~ p~e~ented in ail the main leetu~e~.
Without the ~pon~o~~hip and &inaneial ~uppo~t 0& ~he Seienti
&ie A&&ai~~ Vivi~ion 0& NATO, the In~titute, and the~e&o~e
thi~ booR, would not have been po~~ible. The &inaneial ~uppo~t
0& ~pon~o~~ like "INIC" and "JNICT" al~o eon~~ibuted deei~ively
to the ~ueee~~ 0& the In~titute.
The Edito~~ deeply app~eeia~e ail the adviee and help ~n
o~ganizing the In~titute given by V~. Veiga da Cunha 0& the
Seienti&ie A&&ai~~ Vivi~ion 06 NATO. They a~e al~o in debted
to ali membe~~ 0& the O~ganizing Committee, mainly, P~06.
Vavid Ewin~ (I.C.) and P~06. Mau~iee Godet (INSA). 60~
xi
.th t).Jl
r nl.d'[.tu:t e.
They ane al~o mo~:t gna.tenul :to all au:thon~ non :the ennon:t
,[n pnepan,[ng :the lec.tune~ and con:tn'[bu:t,[on~ ,[n :t,[me allowing
:thi~ book .to be publi~hed a~ ntquined.
Special .thank~ ant due :to CEMUL ~.ta66, I~abtl T. Fon~eea,
An.tonia Ro~a and Manina di Na.tale non :thein ennon:t in :the
adm,[ni~:tna.tive planning and ~uppon.t duning :the ASI and pn~
pana.tion 06 :the oniginal on :the book.
L'[~bon, 1989-08-07
'=;
..
}.JJ;try~ ~
J. Mon:talvao e Silva
F. P'[na da S'[lva
