Vibration and Shock Handbook (Mechanical Engineering)

1771 Pages·2005·27.82 MB·English

by  Clarence W. de Silva

Vibration and Shock
Handbook
Mechanical Engineering Series
Frank Kreith - Series Editor
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Vibration and Shock Handbook
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Vibration and Shock
Handbook
Edited by
Clarence W. de Silva
Boca Raton London New York Singapore
A CRC title, part of the Taylor & Francis imprint, a member of the
Taylor & Francis Group, the academic division of T&F Informa plc.
Published in 2005 by
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
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Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group
No claim to original U.S. Government works
Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-8493-1580-8 (Hardcover)
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-8493-1580-0 (Hardcover)
Library of Congress Card Number 2004065847
This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with
permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish
reliable data and information, but the author and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Vibration and shock handbook / editor-in-chief, Clarence W. de Silva.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-8493-1580-8 (alk. paper)
1. Vibration--Handbooks, manuals, etc. 2. Shock (Mechanics)--Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. De Silva,
Clarence W.
TA355.V5197 2005
620.3--dc22 2004065847
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
Taylor & Francis Group and the CRC Press Web site at
is the Academic Division of T&F Informa plc http://www.crcpress.com
Preface
With individual chapters authored by distinguished leaders and experienced professionals in their
respectivetopics,thishandbook providesengineers,technicians,designers,researchers,educators,and
students with a convenient, thorough, up to date, and authoritative reference source on techniques,
tools,anddataformodeling,analysis,design,monitoring,instrumentation,modification,andcontrolof
vibration,shock,noise,andacoustics.Thehandbookconsistsof45chapters,groupedintoninesections.
In these sections, the following are considered: fundamentals and analytical techniques; computer
techniques,tools,andsignalanalysisincludingfiniteelementmethodsandwaveletanalysisandtheuseof
MATLABw toolboxes; shock and vibration methodologies, particularly for civil and mechanical
engineeringsystems;instrumentationandtestingmethods,includingsensors,exciters,signalacquisition,
conditioning, and recording, and LabVIEWw tools for virtual instrumentation; vibration suppression,
damping,andcontrol;monitoringanddiagnosis;designforandcontrolofseismicvibration,andrelated
regulatory issues; system design, application, and control implementation; and acoustics and noise
suppression. Important information and results are summarized as windows, tables, graphs, and lists
throughoutthechaptersforeasyreferenceandinformationtracking.Referencesaregivenattheendof
each chapter for further information and study. An extensive glossary, which defines useful technical
terms in the fields of vibration, shock, and acoustics, is provided at the end of the handbook. Cross
referencingisusedthroughouttoindicateotherplacesinthehandbookwherefurtherinformationona
particulartopicisprovided.
In the handbook, equal emphasis is given to theory and practical application. The chapters are
groupedintofundamentals,basictheory,advancedtheory,analyticaltechniques,numericaltechniques,
experimentaltechniques,designmethodology,practicalproblemsandsolutions,applications,regulatory
considerations,andusefuldata.Analyticalformulations,numericalmethods,designapproaches,control
techniques, and commercial software tools are presented and illustrated. Commercial equipment,
computer hardware, and instrumentation are described, analyzed, and demonstrated for field
application, practical implementation, and experimentation. Examples and case studies are given
throughoutthehandbooktoillustratetheuseandapplicationoftheincludedinformation.Thematerial
ispresentedinaformatthatisconvenientforeasyreferenceandrecollection.
Mechanical vibrationisa manifestation ofoscillatorybehaviorinmechanicalsystems, asa resultof
eithertherepetitiveinterchangeofkineticandpotentialenergiesamongcomponentsinthesystem,ora
forcing excitation that is oscillatory. Such oscillatory responses are not limited to purely mechanical
systems,andarefoundinelectricalandfluidsystemsaswell.Inpurely thermalsystems,however,free
natural oscillations are not possible, and an oscillatory excitation is needed to obtain an oscillatory
response. Shock is vibration caused by brief, abrupt, and typically high intensity excitations. Sound,
noise,andacousticsaremanifestationsofpressurewaves,sourcesofwhichareoftenvibratorydynamic
systems.
Low levels of vibration mean reduced noise and an improved work environment. Vibration
modificationandcontrolcanbecrucialinmaintaininghighperformanceandproductionefficiency,and
v
vi Preface
prolongingtheusefullifeinindustrialmachinery.Consequently,aconsiderableeffortisdevotedtodayto
studyingandcontrollingthevibrationandshockgeneratedbymachinerycomponents,machinetools,
transitvehicles,impactprocesses,civilengineeringstructures,fluidflowsystems,andaircraft.Noiseand
acousticproblemscanoriginatefromundesirablevibrationsandfluid structureinteractions,asfound,
forexample,inautomobileengines.Enginenoise,environmentalnoise,andnoisefromhigh speedand
high temperature exhaust gases in a vehicle will not only cause passenger discomfort and public
annoyance,theywillalsoresultindamagingeffectstothevehicleitself.Noise suppressionmethodsand
devices,andsound absorptionmaterialandstructuresarecrucialinsuchsituations.Beforedesigningor
controllingasystemforgoodvibratoryoracousticperformance,itisimportanttounderstand,analyze,
and represent the dynamic characteristics of the system. This may be accomplished through purely
analytical means, computer analysis of analytical models, testing and analysis of test data, or by a
combinationoftheseapproaches.Itfollowsthatmodeling,analysis,testing,anddesignareallimportant
aspectsofstudyinvibration,shock,andacoustics.
In recent years, educators, researchers, and practitioners have devoted considerable effort toward
studying and controlling vibration, shock, and noise in a range of applications invarious branches of
engineering, particularly in civil, mechanical, aeronautical and aerospace, and production and
manufacturing engineering. Specific applications are found in machine tools, transit vehicles, impact
processes,civilengineering structures,construction machinery,industrial processes,productqualifica
tionandqualitycontrol,fluidflowsystems,ships,andaircraft.Thishandbookisacontributiontoward
theseefforts.Inviewoftheanalyticalmethods,practicalconsiderations,designissues,andexperimental
techniquesthatarepresentedthroughoutthehandbook,andinviewofthesimplifiedandsnap shotstyle
presentationofformulas,data,andadvancedtheory,thehandbookservesasausefulreferencetooland
anextensiveinformationsourceforengineersandtechniciansinindustryandlaboratories,researchers,
instructors,andstudentsintheareasofvibration,shock,noise,andacoustics.
Clarence W. de Silva
Editor in Chief
Vancouver
Acknowledgments
Iwishtoexpressmygratitudetotheauthorsofthechaptersfortheirvaluableandhighlyprofessional
contributions.Theassistanceofmyresearchengineer,JianZhang,insomegraphicsandformattingof
the handbook was quite valuable. I am very grateful to Cindy Renee Carelli, Acquisitions Editor
Engineering, CRC Press, for herenthusiasm, characteristic vigor, and support throughout the project.
The editorial and production staff at CRC Press and its affiliates, particularly Jessica Vakili, and
Carol Cooper have done an excellent job in getting this handbook in print. Finally, Iwish to lovingly
acknowledgethepatienceandunderstandingofmyfamily.
vii
Editor-in-Chief
Clarence W. de Silva, P. Eng., Fellow ASME and Fellow IEEE, is Professor of Mechanical
Engineering at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, and has occupied the NSERC
ResearchChairinIndustrialAutomationsince1988.HehasearnedPh.D.degreesfromMassachusetts
InstituteofTechnology(1978)andCambridgeUniversity,England(1998).DeSilvahasalsooccupiedthe
MobilEndowedChairProfessorshipintheDepartmentofElectricalandComputerEngineeringatthe
NationalUniversityofSingapore.Hehasservedasaconsultanttoseveralcompanies,includingIBMand
WestinghouseintheU.S.,andhasledthedevelopmentofsixindustrialmachines.Heisrecipientofthe
Killam Research Prize, Outstanding Engineering Educator Award of the Institute of Electrical and
ElectronicsEngineers(IEEE)Canada,EducationAwardoftheDynamicSystemsandControlDivisionof
the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), Lifetime Achievement Award of the World
Automation Congress, IEEE Third Millennium Medal, Meritorious Achievement Award of the
AssociationofProfessionalEngineersofBC,andtheOutstandingContributionAwardoftheSystems,
Man,andCyberneticsSocietyoftheIEEE.Aswellaseditingorcoediting12volumes,hehasauthoredor
coauthored 16 technical books, over 150 journal papers, and about 200 conference papers and
book chapters. He has served on the editorial boards of 12 international journals, in particular as the
Editor in Chief of the International Journal of Control and Intelligent Systems, Editor in Chief of the
International Journal of Knowledge Based Intelligent Engineering Systems, Senior Technical Editor of
MeasurementsandControl,andRegionalEditor,NorthAmerica,ofEngineeringApplicationsofArtificial
Intelligence theInternationalJournalofIntelligentReal TimeAutomation.HeisaLillyFellow,Senior
FulbrightFellowtoCambridgeUniversity,FellowoftheAdvancedSystemsInstituteofBritishColumbia,
andaKillamFellow.
ix
Contributors
S. Akishita Giuseppe Failla Christian Lalanne
RitsumeikanUniversity Universita` degliStudi EngineeringConsultant
Kusatsu,Japan MediterraneadiReggioCalabria Jalles,France
Italy
Haym Benaroya Robert G. Landers
RutgersUniversity Mohamed S. Gadala UniversityofMissouriatRolla
Piscataway,NJ TheUniversityofBritishColumbia Rolla,MO
Vancouver,BC,Canada
T.H. Lee
Su Huan Chen
Seon M. Han NationalUniversityofSingapore
JilinUniversity
Singapore
Changchun,P.R.China TexasTechUniversity
Lubbock,TX
Y.P. Leow
M. Dabestani
SingaporeInstituteofManufacturing
P.S. Heyns
FurlongResearchFoundation
Technology
London,UK UniversityofPretoria
Singapore
Pretoria,SouthAfrica
Marie D. Dahleh S.Y. Lim
Cheng Huang
HarvardUniversity SingaporeInstituteofManufacturing
Cambridge,MA NationalResearchCouncilofCanada Technology
Vancouver,Canada Singapore
Kourosh Danai
S. Huang Jiahao Lin
UniversityofMassachusetts
NationalUniversityofSingapore DalianUniversityofTechnology
Amherst,MA
Singapore Liaoning,P.R.China
Chris “Flip” DeFilippo Hirokazu Iemura W. Lin
NationalInstruments KyotoUniversity SingaporeInstituteofManufacturing
Austin,TX Kyoto,Japan Technology
Singapore
Clarence W. de Silva Sarvesh Kumar Jain
L.Y. Lu
TheUniversityofBritish MadhavInstituteofTechnologyand
Columbia Science NationalKaohsiungFirstUniversity
Vancouver,BC,Canada MadhyaPradesh,India ofScienceandTechnology
Kaohsiung,Taiwan
Ibrahim Esat Nader Jalili
Chris K. Mechefske
BrunelUniversity ClemsonUniversity
Queen’sUniversity
Middlesex,UK Clemson,SC Kingston,ON,Canada
Ebrahim Esmailzadeh Takayuki Koizumi Priyan Mendis
UniversityofOntario DoshishaUniversity UniversityofMelbourne
Oshawa,ON,Canada KyotoHu,Japan Melbourne,Victoria,Australia
xi
xii Contributors
Y.L. Mo Mulyo Harris Pradono Datong Song
UniversityofHouston KyotoUniversity NationalResearchCouncilofCanada
Houston,TX Kyoto,Japan Vancouver,Canada
Pol D. Spanos
Kiyoshi Nagakura Nikolaos P. Politis
RiceUniversity
RailwayTechnicalResearchInstitute RiceUniversity Houston,TX
TokyoTo,Japan Houston,TX
K.K. Tan
H. Sam Samarasekera NationalUniversityofSingapore
Tuan Ngo
SulzerPumps(Canada),Inc. Singapore
UniversityofMelbourne
Burnaby,BC,Canada
Melbourne,Victoria,Australia K.Z. Tang
NationalUniversityofSingapore
C. Scheffer
Teruo Obata Singapore
UniversityofStellenbosch
TeikyoUniversity Pretoria,SouthAfrica Y.B. Yang
TotigiKen,Japan
NationalTaiwanUniversity
Michael Sedlak Taipei,Taiwan
Kiyoshi Okura
NationalInstruments J.D. Yau
MitsuboshiBeltingLtd. Austin,TX
TamkangUniversity
HyogoKen,Japan
Taipei,Taiwan
Zhong-Sheng Liu
Randall D. Peters Yahui Zhang
NationalResearchCouncilof
MercerUniversity Canada DalianUniversityofTechnology
Macon,GA Vancouver,Canada Liaoning,P.R.China