Table Of ContentLinguistische
Arbeiten 490
Herausgegeben von Peter Blumenthal, Klaus von Heusinger,
Ingo Plag, Beatrice Primus und Richard Wiese
Akemi Matsuya
Verb Raising and
Theta-Driven Movement
A Comparative Minimalist Approach
with Particular Reference to Japanese
Max Niemeyer Verlag
Tübingen 2004
To my parents
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Preface
This book is a revised version of my doctoral dissertation submitted to University of
Maryland at College Park. Although there are many corrections, additions, and subtractions,
my fundamental idea and analysis are unchanged. I would like to acknowledge those who
got this work started and helped it progress. First, my special gratitude goes to my adviser,
Norbert Hornstein. Considering what was the best for my academic career, he always
directed me firmly and warmly. Without his inspiring guidance, I could not have completed
my dissertation. Working as his graduate student and his research assistant, I truly realized
what a linguist should be and how a teacher should be; he has always encouraged me
academically and mentally. It was Hornstein's Logic as Grammar and Chomsky's
Knowledge of Language that I read as my first linguistic books when I just started theoretical
linguistics. Then no one could imagine that I would be a student of one of those book's
authors. I am pleased to have written my dissertation and to have continued my research
under his gentle support and his unfailing trust.
Next, I should like to acknowledge the generosity of my committee members. I thank
Juan Uriagereka for allowing me to realize how creative and interesting theoretical linguis-
tics is and suggesting to me that I should be aggressive. I will never forget how he con-
tinually told me, 'Don't be shy.' I am glad to have such a wonderful memory from working
with him. I would also like to thank David Lightfoot for his invaluable and critical comments
on my analysis. 1 extend my thanks to Amy Weinberg. Her comments, which relate my
analysis to language acquisition, will surely be very helpful in my future studies. I would like
to acknowledge Scott McGinnis, who encouraged me as a committee member when I was in
the U.S.A. and after I went back to Japan.
I am grateful to the faculty members of the Linguistic Department of University of
Maryland at College Park: Laura Benua, Paul Pietrosky, David Poeppel, and Philip Resnik. I
especially thank Stephen Crain and Rosalind Thornton so much for leading me to the field of
psycholinguistics. I also greatly appreciate Linda Lombardi, who introduced me to
Optimality Theory in phonology.
I would like to express my deep thanks to our secretary, Kathi Faulkingham, who helped
and encouraged me.
For some valuable comments on my generals paper as a prospectus of my dissertation, I
am much obliged to Jonathan Bobaljik.
A special debt of gratitude goes to my classmates: Jean Braithwaite, Juan Carlos Castillo,
Will Corbin, Viola Miglio, Frida Morelli, Bruce Moren, and Julien Musolino. In particular, I
should express my deep and sincere thanks to Patricia Hironymous, who helped me when-
ever I had a hard time.
I am indebted as well to my colleagues at College Park: Rachel Crain, John Drury,
Ricardo Echepare, Acrisio Pires, Itziar San Martin, Caro Struijke, and Yi-Ching Su.
Especially I need to express my sincere thanks to Fred Savarese, who proofread the final
draft of my dissertation. For many valuable suggestions I am much obliged to Li-Ling
Chuang, Kwang-Sup Kim, and Keiko Muromatsu.
My deep thanks go to Kleanthes Grohmann, who suggested to me that I should write this
book.
vi
I also wish to thank the Japanese graduate students at College Park: Sachiko Aoshima,
Haruka Fukazawa, Masaaki Kamiya, Hirohisa Kiguchi, Nobue Mori, Mitsue Motomura, and
Yoshi Okamoto.
I would like to acknowledge my indebtedness to my professors in Japan: Shuji Chiba,
Masayuki Ike'uchi, Keiko Kaminashi, Toshio Nakao, William Reis, Reiko Shimamura,
Kenichi Takemura, and Ishitaro Tamaki.
I should also express my appreciation to linguists and psychologists who have helped and
encouraged me: Hiroshi Aoyagi, Ryoichi Asaba, Marcel den Dikken, Kazuhiko Fukushima,
Chizuko Inomata, Youngjin Jang, Yasuo Kaneko, Hiroki Koga, Roger Martin, Shoko
Matsuda, Kazuyo Miyamae, Yoichi Miyamoto, Keiko Murasugi, Akira Ogawa, Kyoko
Satoh, Akiko Sawada Tanaka, Jong-Yuri Yoon, Noriko Yoshimura, and Mihoko Zushi. In
particular, my special thanks are due to Chikako Shibata, who has constantly given me
academic stimuli and cheered me up not only when I was in Japan but also in the U.S.A.
I also must thank my nonlinguist friends: Barbara Bergman, Shunichi Daito, Toshimi
Ezaki, Kiyoko Kusano Hubbell, Ikuji Ishikawa, Setsu Ito, Yaeko Kakami, Makiko Kato,
Haruno Kayama, Hajime Kiyohara, Yoshiko Hirota Marut, Asuka and Tomone Matsuhisa,
Mineko Morimoto, Hisayo Murakami, Hiroe Naito, Kyoko Okazaki, Esai Sawada,
Shigeyoshi Senga, Hisako Shibata, Mitsutoshi Somura, Reiko Takata, Eko Tanaka, Naoko
Togu, Keiko Ueda, Seiko Yabu, and Noriko Yamato.
My deep and special appreciation goes to Ayako Takeuchi, who kindly dealt with official
matters for me after I returned to Japan and provided accommodations for me whenever I
visited College Park.
I should like to express my gratitude to Delphine Brake, Jeff Hubbell, Catherine Payne
and Mary Spaid, who provided me with English data and checked my English.
I would like to express my deep appreciation to Masaru Tanaka, who assisted me in pro-
ducing the graphics for the definitive text of this book.
I sincerely thank Beatrice Primus, the editor of this series, for her helpful comments on
publishing this book.
More immediately I thank Norbert Alvermann, Birgitta Zeller-Ebert, Carmen Luna, and
the staff at Max Niemeyer Verlag for their support and assistance.
I greatly appreciate the financial support of the Rotary Multi-Year Ambassadorial
Scholarship, the Tsuda College Foreign Scholarship, the Department of Linguistics Assis-
tantship (from the National Science Foundation Grant #SBR 960 1559 awarded for Norbert
Hornstein and Juan Uriagereka), and the University of Maryland Graduate Student Travel
Grant for Presentation of Conference Papers.
I especially need to express my gratitude to my family: Shosei and Yasuko Fukuda, Takae
Kunieda, Hiroko Matsuya, Kenji Nishizawa, Takashi Nishizawa, and Yoko Nishizawa. It is
regrettable that I cannot present this book to my grandmother, Haru Kunieda, whose love and
encouragement sustained me through my undergraduate studies. I must express my special
thanks to my parents, Kazuo and Teruo Matsuya, who had to work so long in order for me to
continue my studies.
My final thanks are to my husband, Eiichiro Nishizawa. My appreciation is beyond de-
scription. I thank him so much for his academic impact, emotional patience, encouragement,
and love.
Table of Contents
List of abbreviations χ
Introduction 1
1. Clausal Architecture and Multiple Predicate Formation 7
1.1. Previous Work 7
1.1.1. Lexical Approaches 7
1.1.2. Syntactic Analyses 9
1.2. Fusions of Functional Heads in Verbal Morphology 10
1.2.1. Icelandic and English 10
1.2.2. Japanese 13
1.3. The Spec TP Parameter and Syntactic Derivation 16
1.4. Clausal Architecture 22
1.5. Verb Formation 26
1.5.1. Chomsky's Syntax of Morphology 27
1.5.2. Morphological Merger 29
1.5.3. Verb Raising Accounts 35
1.5.3.1. Verb Movement and Cleft Sentences
(Koizumi, 1995) 35
1.5.3.2. Verb Raising and Antecedent Contained Deletion
(Hornstein, 1995 and Takahashi, 1993) 36
1.5.3.3. The [+V] Feature of Adjectives and Negative Markers
in Japanese 37
1.5.3.4. The Position ofNegP 40
1.5.3.5. Feature Checking in NegP 42
1.5.3.6. L-Relatedness in the Spec of NegP 43
1.6. Proposal 44
1.7. The Linear Correspondence Axiom (Kayne, 1994) 45
1.8. Verb Raising in Korean 47
1.9. Negation and Locality 48
1.9.1. The Difference between English and Japanese NPIs 48
1.9.2. Multiple Specifiers of NegP in Japanese 51
1.9.3. The Extra NP Analysis (Kawashima and Kitahara, 1992) 52
1.10. Clause Boundary in Verb Movement (Koizumi, 1995) 54
1.11. Summary 54
2. Control Constructions 55
2.1. Previous Accounts 55
2.1.1. PRO Theorem and Null Case Approach 55
2.1.2. PRO as a Clitic (Martin, 1996) 57
2.1.3. Control as Movement (O'Neil, 1995) 59
viii
2.1.4. PRO as the Residue of NP Movement
(Hornstein, 1996;1999;2001) 62
2.2. Control and Binding in Japanese 64
2.2.1. Nominative Case Checking 64
2.2.2. The Status of Control Sentences in Japanese 66
2.2.3. Obligatory Controlled PROs in Japanese 67
2.2.3.1. PROs in Complements 67
2.2.3.2. PROs in Adjuncts 68
2.2.4. PROs in Korean 74
2.3. Long Distance Α-Movement in Control 76
2.4. Summary 79
3. Passives, PRO, and Theta-Movement 81
3.1. A Selective History of the Treatment of Passives in Japanese 82
3.2. Hoshi (1994) 88
3.3. NP Movement of Passives in Japanese 90
3.3.1. Affectee Roles 90
3.3.2. Verb Raising and Passivization 94
3.3.3. The Status of Dative Agents in Passives 96
3.3.4. Theta Roles for the Nominative NP 98
3.4. Proposal 99
3.5. Parsing and Passives 106
3.6. Beneficial Consequences Ill
3.7. Summary 113
4. Causatives and Theta-Movement 115
4.1. Preliminaries 115
4.2. Watanabe (1993) 117
4.3. Semantic Differences in Japanese Causatives 121
4.4. The Projection of a Causative Morpheme 122
4.4.1. Takezawa (1987) 122
4.4.2. Zibun and Davidsonian Arguments 127
4.5. Feature Checking for Greed 132
4.5.1. Multiple Theta Role Checking 132
4.5.2. Case Feature Checking 133
4.6. Two Interpretations in the «/'-Causative 134
4.7. Harley (1995) 135
4.8. Proposal 137
4.9. Beneficial Results 141
4.9.1. Passivization of Japanese Causatives 141
4.9.2. Passivization of Korean Causatives 143
4.10. Summary 145
5. Double Object Constructions and the Dative 147
5.1. The Point of Discussion 147
5.2. Double Object Constructions in English 148
ix
5.2.1. Previous Accounts and the Nature of the Dative Marker 148
5.2.2. The Derivation of Double Object Constructions and
the Minimalist Program 149
5.3. The Contrastive Properties of Korean and Japanese Dative Markers 153
5.3.1. Passives and Double Object Constructions in Japanese 153
5.3.2. Passives and Double Object Constructions in Korean 157
5.4. Summary 159
6. Summary 161
References 165
