Table Of ContentVerb-Particle Explorations
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DE
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Interface Explorations 1
Editors
Artemis Alexiadou
T. Alan Hall
Mouton de Gruyter
Berlin · New York
Verb-Particle Explorations
edited by
Nicole Dehe
Ray Jackendoff
Andrew Mclntyre
Silke Urban
Mouton de Gruyter
Berlin · New York 2002
Mouton de Gruyter (formerly Mouton, The Hague)
is a Division of Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin.
® Printed on acid-free paper which falls within the guidelines
of the ANSI to ensure permanence and durability.
Die Deutsche Bibliothek — Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Verb particle explorations / ed. by Nicole Dehe ... — Berlin;
New York : Mouton de Gruyter, 2002
(Interface explorations ; 1)
ISBN 3-11-017228-3
© Copyright 2002 by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, 10785 Berlin
All rights reserved, including those of translation into foreign languages. No part of this
book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechan-
ical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retrieval system, with-
out permission in writing from the publisher.
Cover design: Christopher Schneider, Berlin.
Printed in Germany.
Preface
Most of the articles in the present volume originated as talks in a
workshop on verb-particle constructions held in Leipzig in February
2000. We would like to thank the participants of that workshop - the
speakers for their contributions, the audiences for their interest in and
their stimulating discussion of the questions that are elaborated on in
this volume. We are grateful for the support from the Max-Planck
Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience in Leipzig, especially Angela D.
Friederici, for the use of their rooms and facilities during the workshop.
We would also like to express our gratitude to the contributors to this
volume, the majority of whom participated in the workshop.
We wish to thank the following people for the time and expertise
they contributed to the reviewing process: Marcel den Dikken,
Hildegard Farke, Holden Härtl, Bernd Kortmann, Alec Marantz,
Susan Olsen, Jean-Yves Pollock, Norvin Richards, Andrew
Stringfellow, Peter Svenonius, along with some other linguists who
requested anonymity.
We are also very grateful to our student assistants Dayana Goldstein
and Katja Keller for their diligent work in formatting the manuscript.
The book may not have been possible without the help of the
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation),
both for the employment of Nicole Dehe and Andrew Mclntyre in
the research project 'Partikelverbbildung im Deutschen und im
Englischen' (Particle Verb Formation in German and English), and,
more generally, for assistance via the Leipzig graduate studies
programme 'Universalität und Diversität' in financing the workshop on
which this volume draws. Ray Jackendoff wishes to acknowledge
financial assistance in the form of a Fellowship from the
Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin and in part by an NIH Grant DC 03660
to Brandeis University.
Contents
Preface ν
Introduction 1
1. Particle verbs: Syntactic, morphological and semantic
perspectives
Separable complex verbs in Dutch: A case of periphrastic word
formation 21
Geert Booij
And up it rises: Particle preposing in English 43
Bert Cappelle
English particle constructions, the lexicon, and the autonomy of
syntax 67
Ray Jackendoff
Idiosyncrasy in particle verbs 95
Andrew Mclntyre
Syntax or morphology: German particle verbs revisited 119
Stefan Müller
Particle placement 141
Ad Neeleman
Extended VP-shells and the verb-particle construction 165
Fabrice Nicol
Swedish particles and syntactic projection 191
Ida Toivonen
viii Contents
Dutch separable compound verbs: Words rather than phrases? 211
Jaap van Marie
Particle verbs are heads and phrases 233
Jochen Zeller
2. Particle verbs: Statistical and psycholinguistic perspectives
The influence of processing on syntactic variation: Particle
placement in English 269
Stefan Gries
Accessing and parsing phrasal predicates 289
Dieter Hillert and Farrell Ackerman
German particle verbs and word formation 315
Anke Lüdeling and Nivja de Jong
Parsing verb particle constructions: An approach based on event-
related potentials (ERP) 335
Silke Urban
References 355
Index 381
Contributors 387
Introduction
Nicole Dehe, Ray Jackendoff, Andrew Mclntyre,
Silke Urban
The contributions in this book are a representative cross-section of
current research on the Germanic constructions of the type in (1),
known as particle verbs, verb-particle combinations, phrasal verbs
or separable verbs. The book reflects our belief that progress towards
solving the difficult problems raised by them is more likely under an
eclectic approach, by which we mean that the book gathers insights
from various linguistic subdisciplines (from psycholinguistics to pure
linguistics), various theories and methodological strategies (e.g.
minimalism, construction grammar, lexical functional grammar, as
well as more theory-neutral, empirical approaches) and various
languages (chiefly: Dutch, English, German and Swedish).
(1) a. ring up, throw away
b. ringa upp, kasta bort (Swedish)
c. opbellen, weggooien (Dutch)
d. anrufen, wegwerfen (German)
1. Basic facts and questions about particle verbs
We begin with a summary of some basic facts regarding the syntactic
behaviour of particles. This will enable us both to identify some of
the problems which make particle verbs (henceforth pv's) worth stu-
dying, and at the same time help readers to follow our attempt at in-
tegrating the contributions in this volume into the overall research
landscape. Our overview gives the minimal information required for
this; for more detailed summaries of the grammar of particles in each
language, see the articles by Jackendoff (English), Booij (Dutch),
Toivonen (Swedish) and Zeller (German). For a comprehensive
2 Introduction
cross-linguistic overview of the phenomena and literature concerning
pv's, see Haiden (2001).
In English, the particle can appear on either side of a direct object,
unless it is a (non-contrastively accented) pronoun (cf.2). In Swedish,
the particle obligatorily precedes the nominal object, as illustrated in
(3) (cf. Toivonen, this volume). In German (4), a (non-topicalised)
particle appears in a fixed position at the end of the clause, but prece-
ding verbs in final position, if any. Thus, the particle and verb are se-
parated by the verb-second phenomenon in main clauses, (4a-b), but
are adjacent in embedded clauses (4c-d). Dutch behaves similarly,
(5), except that Dutch embedded clauses allow the optional interpola-
tion of an auxiliary between the particle and the verb, cf. (5c,d).
(2) English
a. John called up the girl. John called her up.
b. John called the girl up. *John called up her.
(3) Swedish
a. Johnskrev upp numret.
John wrote Part number.the
b. *John skrev numret upp.
John wrote number.the Part
'John wrote down the number.'
(4) German
a. John rief das Mädchen an.
'John rang the girl up'
b. *John anrief das Mädchen.
c. ... daß John das Mädchen anrief
d. *... daß John rief das Mädchen an
(5) Dutch
a. John beide het meisje op.
b. *John opbelde het meisje.
c. ...dat John het meisje wil opbellen.
d. ... dat John het meisje op will bellen.
