Vehicle Refinement: Controlling Noise and Vibration in Road Vehicles (R-364)

358 Pages·2004·2.61 MB·English

by  Matthew Harrison

Vehicle Refinement
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Vehicle Refinement
Controlling Noise and
Vibration in Road Vehicles
Matthew Harrison
Cranfield University, UK
Publishedonbehalfof:
SAEInternational
400CommonwealthDrive
Warrendale,PA15096-0001
ElsevierButterworth-Heinemann
LinacreHouse,JordanHill,OxfordOX28DP
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Firstpublished2004
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Contents
Acknowledgements ix
Preface x
About the author xii
1 Vehicle refinement: purpose and targets 1
1.1 Introduction and definitions 1
1.2 Scope of this book 2
1.3 The purpose of vehicle refinement 3
1.4 How refinement can be achieved in the automotive industry 5
1.5 Thehistoryofvehiclerefinement:onerepresentative20-yearexample 6
1.6 Refinement targets 9
References 15
2 The measurement and behaviour of sound 17
2.1 How sound is created and how it propagates 17
2.2 Making basic noise measurements: the sound level meter, recording
sound 33
2.3 Making basic noise measurements: the decibel scale, frequency and
time weightings 43
2.4 Analysis and presentation of noise data 48
2.5 Sound power level, sound intensity level, sound pressure level 59
References 70
Appendix2A:Introductiontologarithms 72
3 Exterior noise: assessment and control 74
3.1 Pass-by noise homologation 74
3.2 Noise source ranking 81
3.3 Air intake systems and exhaust systems: performance and
noise effects 84
3.4 Tyre noise 136
References 140
Appendix3A:Valveandportgeometry 144
viii Contents
4 Interior noise: assessment and control 145
4.1 Subjective and objective methods of assessment 145
4.2 Noise path analysis 151
4.3 Measuring the sound power of IC engines and other vehicle noise
sources 159
4.4 Engine noise 173
4.5 Road noise 179
4.6 A note on aerodynamic (wind) noise 181
4.7 A note on brake noise 182
4.8 A note on squeak, rattle and tizz noises 183
4.9 Control of sound through absorption within porous materials 184
4.10 Control of sound by minimising transmission through panels 194
References 211
Appendix4A:Somebackgroundinformationonsystems 215
Appendix4B:Theconvolutionintegral 217
Appendix4C:Thecovariancefunction,correlationandcoherence 220
Appendix4D:Thefrequencyresponsefunction 225
Appendix4E:Planewavesinatubewithaterminationimpedance 227
Appendix4F:Thederivationofthelinearisedmassconservationequation 231
Appendix4G:Thederivationofthenon-linear(andlinearised)inviscid
Eulerequation 233
5 The measurement and behaviour of vibration 234
5.1 Making basic vibration measurements 234
5.2 Laser-based vibration measurements 238
5.3 Analysis and presentation of vibration data: quantifying vibration 240
5.4 Modes of vibration and resonance 248
5.5 Modal analysis 264
References 268
6 Sources of vibration and their control 269
6.1 Introduction 269
6.2 Damping of vibrations 269
6.3 Vibration isolation and absorption 287
6.4 Engine and drivetrain vibrations 299
6.5 Vehicle and chassis vibrations: ride quality 334
References 338
Index 341
Acknowledgements
I want to thank many people for teaching me different aspects of vehicle refinement.
Someweremytutors,otherscolleaguesandtheresthavebeenstudentsofmine.Particular
mention is due to:
Peter Davies, Peter Fairhurst, the late Mike Russell, Frank Fahy, Chris Morfey, Phil
Nelson,JoeHammond,NeilFerguson,MalcolmMcDonald,PhilCrowther,RobinSharp,
JohnRobertson,thelateBobWilson,SteveHutchins,NeilMcDougall,IanStothers,Paul
Harvey, Melody Stokes, Tim Saunders, Dave Balcombe, Matteo Bettella, Iciar de Soto,
PedroRubioUnzueta,RubenPerezArenas,PlamenStanev,SotirisGritsis,HazelCollins,
JohnShore,AlexDunkley,SotirisAlexiou,SylvainVerstraeten,TimD’Herde,Christian
Haigerer and Andreas Dolinar.
Matthew Harrison
Cranfield
December 2003