Table Of Content! BIOTECHNOLOGY !
JULIAN Ε. DAVIES, Editor
Pasteur Institute
Paris, France
Editorial Board
L. Bogorad Harvard University, Cambridge, USA
P. E. Bost Rhône-Poulenc Industries, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
P. Broda University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
A. L. Demain Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA
D. H. Gelfand CETUS Corporation, Berkeley, USA
D. A. Hopwood John Innes Institute, Norwich, United Kingdom
S. Kinoshita Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Tokyo, Japan
G. Lancini Gruppo Lepetit, Milan, Italy
J.-F. Martin University of Leon, Leon, Spain
C. Nash Schering-Plough Corporation, Bloomfield, New Jersey, USA
T. Noguchi Suntory, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
J. Nüesch Ciba-Geigy, AG, Basel, Switzerland
A. H. Rose University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
J. A. Shapiro University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
D. Wang Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA
BIOTECHNOLOGY SERIES
1. R. Saliwanchik Legal Protection for Microbiological and Genetic
Engineering Inventions
2. L. Vining (editor) Biochemistry and Genetic Regulation of Commercially
Important Antibiotics
3. K. Herrmann and Amino Acids: Biosynthesis and Genetic Regulation
R. Somerville
(editors)
4. D. Wise (editor) Organic Chemicals from Biomass
5. A. Laskin (editor) Enzymes and Immobilized Cells in Biotechnology
6. A. Demain and Biology of Industrial Microorganisms
N. Solomon (editors)
7. Z. Vanék and Overproduction of Microbial Metabolites: Strain
Z. Hostâlek (editors) Improvement and Process Control Strategies
8. W. Reznikoff Maximizing Gene Expression
and L. Gold (editors)
9. W. Thilly (editor) Mammalian Cell Technology
10. R. Rodriguez Vectors: A Survey of Molecular Cloning Vectors and
and D. Denhardt Their Uses
(editors)
Other volumes in preparation
P. Valenzuela, Genetic Engineering of Yeast for the Production of
A. Brake, Foreign Proteins
and P. Barr
S.-D. Kung and Plant Biotechnology
C. Arntzen
K. Betteridge Embryo Transfer: Principles and Procedures
T. Smith Computer-Aided Analysis of Proteins and Nucleic Acids
L. Lasky and Controversies in Viral Vaccination
P. Berman (editors)
L. Vining, Genetics of Antibiotic Production
C. Stuttard,
and H. Schrempf
Β. Dale Biotechnology Feedstocks
D. Fink Analytical Biotechnology
C. Ho and Bioreactor Design and Operations
D. Wang
S. Dagley Biodegradation: The Range and Limitations of
Microbial Catabolism
S. Narang Genetic Approaches to Protein Engineering
V. Sato Monoclonal Antibodies
D. Wise Bioelectronic Systems
Vectors
A Survey of Molecular Cloning Vectors
and Their Uses
Edited by
Raymond L. Rodriguez
University of California
Davis, California
David T. Denhardt
University of Western Ontario
London, Ontario
Butterworths
Boston London Durban Singapore Sydney Toronto Wellington
Copyright © 1988 by Butterworth Publishers.
All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored
in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or
by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording, or otherwise, without the prior written
permission of the publisher.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Vectors : a survey of molecular cloning vectors and their uses.
(Biotechnology)
Bibliography: p.
Includes index.
1. Genetic vectors. 2. Molecular cloning.
I. Rodriguez, Raymond L. II. Denhardt, David T.
OH442.2.V43 1987 574.87'322 87-786
ISBN 0-409-90042-7
Butterworth Publishers
80 Montvale Avenue
Stoneham, MA 02180
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 21
Printed in the United States of America
CONTRIBUTORS
Michael R. Altherr John Collins
Department of Genetics Gesellschaft für Biotechnologische
University of California Forschung
Davis, California Braunschweig, West Germany
Paulina Balbas Daniel Cullen
Departamento de Biologia Molecular Department of Plant Pathology
Centro de Investigacion sobre University of Wisconsin
Ingerieria Genetica y Biotecnologia Madison, Wisconsin
Universidad Nacional Autonoma de
David T. Denhardt
Mexico
Cancer Research Laboratory
Cuernavaca, Morelos
University of Western Ontario
Mexico
London, Ontario
Randy M. Berka
Canada
Genencore, Incorporated
South San Francisco, California Gary Ditta
Department of Biology
Francisco Bolivar
University of California at San Diego
Departamento de Biologia Molecular
La Jolla, California
Centro de Investigacion sobre
Ingenieria Genetica y Biotecnologia Dylan R. Edwards
Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Cancer Research Laboratory
Mexico University of Western Ontario
Cuernavaca, Morelos London, Ontario
Mexico Canada
Jürgen Brosius Jeff Errington
Department of Genetics and Department of Biochemistry
Development University of Oxford
Center for Neurobiology and Oxford, United Kingdom
Behavior
Robert T. Fraley
Columbia University
Monsanto Company
New York, New York
St. Louis, Missouri
Gianni Cesareni
Daniel R. Gallie
European Molecular Biology
John Innes Institute
Laboratory
Norwich, England
Heidelberg, Germany
Philippe Gay
Joseph Colasanti
CIBA-GEIGY, Limited
Department of Microbiology and
Agricultural Division
Immunology
Basel, Switzerland
University of Western Ontario
London, Ontario
Canada
vii
VÜi Contributors
Gregory L. Gray Irene Kuhn
Genencore, Incorporated Codon Corporation
South San Francisco, California Brisbane, California
Donald R. Helinski W. Lindenmaier
Department of Biology Gesellschaft für Biotechnologische
University of California at San Diego Forschung
La Jolla, California Braunschweig, West Germany
Barbara Hohn Peter F.R. Little
Friedrich Miescher-Institut Institute of Cancer Research
Basel, Switzerland Royal Cancer Hospital
London, England
Paul J. J. Hooykaas
Department of Plant Molecular Paul S. Lovett
Biology Department of Biological Sciences
Leiden University University of Maryland
Leiden, The Netherlands Catonsville, Maryland
Robert B. Horsch George A. Mackie
Monsanto Company Department of Biochemistry
St. Louis, Missouri University of Western Ontario
London, Ontario
Henry V. Huang
Canada
Department of Microbiology and
Immunology David A. Mead
Washington University School of Promega Biotec
Medicine Madison, Wisconsin
St. Louis, Missouri
Lois K. Miller
Clarence I. Kado Departments of Genetics and
Department of Plant Pathology Entomology
University of California University of Georgia
Davis, California Athens, Georgia
Byron Kemper Skorn Mongkolsuk
Department of Physiology and Department of Biological Sciences
Biophysics University of Maryland
University of Illinois Catonsville, Maryland
Urbana, Illinois
Jean-François Nicolas
Harry J. Klee Unité de Génétique Cellulaire
Monsanto Company Institut Pasteur
St. Louis, Missouri Paris, France
Z. Koukolikovâ-Nicola William C. Nierman
Friedrich Miescher-Institut Department of Molecular and Plasmid
Basel, Switzerland Biology
American Type Culture Collection
Jacek Kowalski
Rockville, Maryland
Cancer Research Laboratory
University of Western Ontario Nikos Panayotatos
London, Ontario Michigan Biotechnology Institute
Canada Lansing, Michigan
Contributors IX
Craig L.J. Parfett Xavier Soberon
Cancer Research Laboratory Departamento de Biologia Molecular
University of Western Ontario Centro de Investigacion sobre
London, Ontario Ingenieria Genetica y Biotecnologia
Canada Universidad Nacional Autonoma de
Mexico
Vincenzo Pirrotta
Cuernavaca, Morelos
Department of Cell Biology
Mexico
Baylor College of Medicine
Houston, Texas George P. Smith
Division of Biological Sciences
Anthony A.G. Ridgway
University of Missouri
Cancer Research Laboratory
Columbia, Missouri
University of Western Ontario
London, Ontario Joseph A. Sorge
Canada Stratagene Cloning Systems
San Diego, California
Raymond L. Rodriguez
Department of Genetics Frank H. Stephenson
University of California Codon Corporation
Davis, California Brisbane, California
Stephen G. Rogers Paul Waterhouse
Monsanto Company Department of Biochemistry
St. Louis, Missouri University of Western Ontario
London, Ontario
John L.R. Rubenstein
Canada
Unité de Génétique Cellulaire
Institut Pasteur Robert W. West, Jr.
Paris, France Department of Biochemistry and
Molecular Biology
Thomas J. Schmidhauser
SUNY Health Science Center
Department of Biological Sciences
Syracuse, New York
Stanford University
Stanford, California
Brian Seed
Department of Molecular Biology
Massachusetts General Hospital
Boston, Massachusetts
PREFACE
It has been more than ten years since Stanley Cohen and co-workers first
reported the use of bacterial plasmids as molecular cloning vectors. This
marked the beginning of a new era in molecular biology and laid the
groundwork for what was to become known as the "biotechnology industry."
Since that initial report thousands of cloning vectors have been constructed,
and their versatility in terms of cloning sites, host-range, and function
appears to be limited only by the ingenuity and imagination of the inventor.
Whereas insertion of foreign DNA fragments into pSClOl was limited to a
single restriction enzyme cleavage site and to E. coli as a host, most vectors
currently in use carry multiple restriction-enzyme cleavage sites and have
been modified for use with most common laboratory microorganisms. Many
vectors now include dual origins of replication that enable them to be shuttled
between hosts as dissimilar as E. coli and human cells.
Equally impressive is the multitude of purposes for which molecular
cloning vectors have been designed. Specialized vectors are now available
that enable the investigator to: (1) identify and isolate regulatory DNA
sequences such as promoters and terminators; (2) identify open translational
reading frames; (3) overproduce useful RNAs and proteins; and (4) determine
the nucleotide sequence of genes and segments of DNA. So many gener-
alized and specialized cloning vectors now exist that it is sometimes difficult
to know which vector is best suited for a particular need. For example, what
are the most efficient vectors for constructing cDNA libraries or for moving
foreign DNA into plants?
xiii
XÎV Preface
Vectors: A Survey of Molecular Cloning Vectors and Their Uses is a
series of chapters contributed by scientists active in the field of molecular
and cellular biology that attempts to organize and bring into focus this
rapidly changing area of research. The chapters have been broadly grouped
according to host organism and function and should provide the reader with
a better understanding of the useful properties of molecular cloning vectors,
how they were constructed, and how they are used. Each chapter undoubt-
edly reflects the unique perspective and expertise of the contributor. How-
ever, all of the chapters attempt to address certain common issues such as
the relative advantages and disadvantages of the vector, its stability and
copy number, and suggestions for future vector constructions.
We hope that by assembling in one place a collection of up-to-date
critical reviews on molecular cloning vectors, members of our growing
community of molecular biologists can stay abreast of recent trends in this
field and perhaps anticipate future ones. Also, by focusing on this one aspect
of recombinant DNA technology, we hope that this volume will provide a
unique vantage point from which to view the exciting new developments
now taking place in the fields of molecular biology and biotechnology.
We thank Ingrid Krohn and Marisa Sibio of Butterworth Publishers for
their encouragement and support and Cheryl Lambing-Ortega, whose or-
ganizational and communications skills were invaluable in the early stages
of this project. We also thank the 3M Foundation and Great Western Malting
Company for their financial support for this project, and, lastly, a special
debt of thanks goes to all of the contributors, whose efforts and patience
made the volume possible.
Raymond L. Rodriguez
David T. Denhardt
