VASCULAR FLORA OF THE TENDERFOOT CREEK EXPERIMENTAL FOREST, LITTLE BELT MOUNTAINS, MONTANA

2006·10.7 MB·English

by  Scott A Mincemoyer

Madrono, Vol. 53, No. 3, pp. 211-222, 2006
VASCULAR FLORA OF THE TENDERFOOT CREEK EXPERIMENTAL FOREST,
LITTLE BELT MOUNTAINS, MONTANA
Scott A. Mincemoyer'
MT
USES, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory, Missoula, 59807
Jennifer L. Birdsall'
USES, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory,
MT
Missoula, 59807
Abstract
TenderfootCreekExperimental Forest(TCEF)issituated intheLittle Belt MountainsofMontana,
120 kmeast ofthe Continental Divide. TCEF iscomposed of3693 ha atelevations between 1840 and
2420 m and is dominated by lodgepole pine forest, which covers about 3366 ha, with interspersed
floristically rich meadows. Our floristic inventory is based on collections and field observations made
by Scott Mincemoyer during 1996-1999 and collections by Jennifer Birdsall during 2003-2005. We
also include collections made by Earle Layser in 1992 and Jessica Fultz in 2002 2003. The vascular
flora ofTCEF consists of312 species, representing 162 genera and 44 families. Twenty-seven exotic
speciesoccurinTCEFincluding Centaureamaculosa, Chrysanthemimileucautliemum. Cirsiumarvense,
and Tanacetum vidgarewhich are listed as noxious weeds in Montana. Phloxkelseyivar. missoulensis
is found in the experimental forest and is listed as sensitive by the USDA Forest Service Northern
Region.
Key Words: Tenderfoot Creek, Little Belt Mountains, Montana, plant inventory, vascular flora.
Tenderfoot Creek Experiinental Forest Climate
(TCEF) was established in 1961 on the Lewis
and Clark National Forest for the purpose of According to Schmidt and Friede (1996),
watershed research. TCEF is situated 40 km due TCEF is dominated by a continental climate
north of the town of White Sulfur Springs in influenced by the momumntainous topography.
Meagher County, Montana in the Little Belt Rainfall mavmerages 880 with a range of 594
Mountains which are 120 km east of the Conti- to 1050 from the lowest to the highest
nental Divide. TCEF is located at approximately elevations. Precipitation usuallympmeaks during
46"55'N latitude and 110°52'W longitude and the winter months at m10m0 to 125 per month
includes portions of T13-14N, R6-7E. TCEF and averages 50 to 60 per month during July
encompasses the headwaters of Tenderfoot through October. Temperatures can go below
Creek, a west flowing tributary of the Smith freezingevery month ofthe year, thus the average
River, and consists of 3693 ha at elevations growing season is fairly short. The season
between 1840 and 2420 m (Schmidt and Friede averages a low of 30 to 45 days on the higher
1996). The watershed comprises seven subdrain- ridges and 45 to 75 days at lower elevations
ages running north-south in a dendritic pattern (Schmidt and Friede 1996).
(Barrett 1993). Included within TCEF is the
Onion Park Research Natural Area (RNA) Geology and Soils
which was established in 1991. Onion Park
RNA comprises 474 ha dominated by a floristi- Schmidt and Friede (1996) describe TCEF as
cally rich wet meadow complex in the upper characterized by igneous intrusive sills of quartz
portion of the watershed (Layser 1992). The porphyry, Wolsey shales, Flathead quartzite, and
RNA also includes surrounding forests and granite gneiss. The northern part of TCEF
a majority of Quartzite Ridge (Fig. 1). Schmidt occupies the highest elevations and steepest
and Friede (1996) details the climate, geology, upland topography and is underlain by igneous
and soils ofTCEF. intrusive granitic rocks. The arched bedrock in
the area was formed from metasediments of
Cambrian Age consisting inainly ofargillites and
quartzites. Glaciation has influenced the land-
gra'Pmr,esMenotntaadndraessS:tatMeonLtibarnaary,Nat1u51r5alE.HerSiitxatgheAPvreo.-, fsotrrema,mspraoredubceignignnibnrgoatdo rbeagsaiinns ainwatwehri-ccharvtehde
Helena, MT 59620. dendritic pattern. Tenderfoot Creek has carved
-Author for correpondence, email: thelegume@ the deepest pattern and is entrenched in a steep
hotmail.com canyon with prominent bedrock cliffs. The most
MADRONO
212 [Vol. 53
2003decimation
14.25degreesE
46°54'0"N-
Kilometers
mapprojectionUTMZone12,NAD27
0.5
Location Map Map Elements
Perennial Streams Existing Roads
C3
Non-ForestAreas TCEFBoundary
RFiogb. 1A.hl,LofcoartmieornlyanodfmtahepUoSfFTSe,ndeRrofcokotyCMroeuenktEaxipnerRiemseenatraclhFoSrteastti,onM,eaMigshseorulCao,unMtyT, M59o8n0t7anaan.d(Pnroewparaetdtbhye !
MT !
University of Montana, College ofForestry and Conservation, Missoula, 59812).
extensive soil groups are the loamy skeletal, Plant Communities
mixed Typic Cryochrepts and clayey, mixed j|
Aquic Cryoboralfs. Rock talus slopes are prom- The study area falls within the subalpine orj!
inent on the perimeter, but rock outcrops are Hudsonian life zone ofMerriam and is dominat-|i
confined chiefly to areas adjacent to main stream ed by lodgepole pine, which covers about 3366jl
channels. Grassland parks are prominent at the ha. Other habitats of considerable size includel;
heads of the drainages. Soils in the parks range 125 ha of floristically-rich wet meadows and 54 :
from well to poorly drained. Seeps and springs ha ofopen, grassy or rocky slopes (Schmidt and I
are common. Friede 1996). Forested communities are domi-
I
— —
2006] MINCEMOYER AND BIRDSALL: FLORA OF TENDERFOOT CREEK 213
nated by even-age lodgepole pine stands with low 4. Eriophor—um chamissonisiCarex spp. commu-
species diversity. Late serai or more mesic stands nity type occurs in very wet sites, limited to
may have a significant component of subalpine Onion Park and Sun Creek areas. Previously
fir and/or Engelmann spruce in the understory or undescribed type in Montana (Layser 1992).
overtopping the lodgepole pine. 5. Alopecurus alpinusiCarex spp. community
—
Five forested habitats described by Pfisteret at. type probably limited to Onion Park. Pre-
(1977) account for the majority of the area in viously undescribed type in Montana (Layser
TCEF. These five types in order of abundance 1992).
are: 6. Deschampsia —cespitosalCarex spp. habitat
type wet phase more mesic phase ofhabitat
1. Abies la—siocarpalVacciniuni scoparium habi- type. Undescribed phase of Deschampsia
tat type occurs on most well-drained, mid cespitosalCarex spp. habitat type.
to upper slopes. 7. Mertensia ci—liatalSenecio triangularis com-
2. Abies—lasioearpalVaccinium globulare habitat munity type minor type next to springs,
type occurs on slopes at low to mid seeps and rivulets. Would now key to Senecio
elevations. triangularis community type in Hansen et al.
3. Abies lasio—carpalCalamagrostis canadensis (1995).
habitat type occurs on moist swales, slopes 8. Festuca idahoensisiAgropyro—n ccminumiMe-
and draws. — lica spectabilis habitat type minor type in
4. Abies lasiocarpa Pinus—albicaulisiVaccinium Onion Park and probably elsewhere in
scoparium habitat type limited mainly to TCEF. Previously undescribed type, but
the ridge on the northeast border above would key to Festuca idahoensisiAgropyron
2380 m. — caninum habitat type in Meuggler & Stewart
5. ForestedScree occursmainlyalongQuartz- (1980).
ite Ridge and on other slopes scattered 9. Care—x rostratalDeschampsia cespitosa habitat
throughout the drainage. This may better be type occurs in wet areas adjacent to
described as Abies lasiocarpa/scrQQ habitat streams or springs on in seeps. Described
type in most ofthe study area. by Hansen et al. (1995).
10. Salix geyerilCarex rostrata habitat type
In addition to the five types mentioned, twelve occurs adjacent to streams, springs, seeps
grassland or riparian types have been mapped by and rivulets. Would now key to Salix
Layser (1992) in Onion Park RNA. Most, if not drummondianalCarex rostrata habitat type
all, of the non-forested sites in TCEF would fall in Hansen et al. (1995)
into these vegetation types. However, the nomen- 11. Salix—geyerilCalamagrostis canadensis habitat
clature of a few of the species that define the type occurs adjacent to streams, springs,
types mapped by Layser is now considered out of seeps and rivulets. Would now key to Salix
date. Agropyron caninum is called Elymus trachy- drummondianalCalamagrostis canadensis
caulis in most newer floras, including Dorn habitat type in Hansen et al. (1995).
(1984), and Carex utriculata is the updated name 12. Picea engelmc—mniilSalix spp.ICarex spp. com-
for the taxa previously referred to as Carex munity type occurs adjacent to streams,
rostrata throughout much of the west. The true springs, seeps and boggy areas. Would now
Carex rostrata is a boreal species and is rare in key to Picea spp.ICalamagrostis canadensis
Montana (Reznicek 1997). Types with either of community type in Hansen et al. (1995).
these names could be relabeled with their
currently accepted names, though we have
retained the original nomenclature herein. The Development of Flora
non-forested types mapped by Layser are:
The flora is mainly based on collections and
1. Desc—hampsia cespitosalCarex spp. habitat field observations made in 1996-1999 by Scott A.
type most common seasonal wetland type. Mincemoyer and 2003-2005 by Jennifer L. Bird-
Described by Meuggler & Stewart (1980). sail. Collection dates in 1996 included time spans
2. Festuca ida—hoensisiDeschampsia cespitosa throughout the field season. 1997 collecting was
habitat type common in drier areas than limited to June 23-26 and August 13 15. 1998
Deschampsia cespitosalCarex spp. ht. De- was limited to June 27-28 and August 8-9. 1999
scribed by Meuggler & Stewart (1980). was limited to July 13-15. 2003 was limited to
3. Festuca idahoensisiAgropyron caninum habi- July 28-30. 2004 was limited to August 17-19.
tat type, Geranium viscosissimum phase 2005 was limited to August 23 25. Collections by
more mesic than the typic phase, probably Earle F. Layser in August, 1992 in Onion Park
limited in distribution to Onion Park and RNA are included in the flora as are collections
Dry Park. Described by Meuggler & Stewart made by Jessica E. Fultz during the summers of
(1980). 2002 and 2003. A search ofthe MRC herbarium
7
MADRONO
214 [Vol. 53
(Rocky Mountain Research Station, Forestry Table 2. Largest Families of Tenderfoot
Sciences Laboratory, Missoula, MT) for addi- Creek Experimental Forest Flora.
tional specimens resulted in three vouchers
collected by Frank A. Clark in 1914 and 1915 Family Species
in Onion Park. Taxa previously reported for Asteraceae 57
TCEF or Onion Park RNA by others are not Poaceae 39
included in the main body of the flora since no Cyperaceae 19
voucher specimens were collected and some Rosaceae 16
Scrophulariaceae 16
reported taxa are believed to be outside of the
Ericaceae 12
boundary of the experimental forest. However,
these taxa are listed separately and their presence
in TCEF should be sought and documented if
possible. Floristic Affinities
The ecology and floristic diversity of an area
Floristic Summary may be better understood by looking at the
The vascular flora of TCEF consists of 312 fflioorriastiocfaftfhineitiaerseaofitnhequsepsetciioens.coImnpsriighstisngitnhteo
species, representing 162 genera and 44 families colonization events and migration patterns may
(Tables 1-3). Twenty-seven exotic species occur also be gained by conducting analyses and
on the experimental forest. These are: Arabis summaries of floristic affinities. A species is
glabra, Artemisia absinthium, Bromus inermus, considered to have an affinity with a particular
Carduusnutans, Centaureamaculosa. Chrysanthe- floristic province when its distribution largely
mum leucanthemum, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium corresponds with that particular region (Gleason
vulgare, Dactylis glomerata, Filago arvensis, and Conquist 1964; Lesica 2002). TCEF itselfsits
Lactuca serriola, Medicago lupulina, Melilotus near the boundary oftwo floristic provinces, the
officinalis, Phleum pratense, Poa pratensis. Poly- Cordilleran and the Great Plains (Grassland).
gonum convolvulus, Rumex acetosella, Sonchus For the TCEF flora, we assigned species to the
arvensis, Spergularia rubra, Tanacetum vulgare, floristic provinces described by Gleason and
Taraxicum laevigatum, Taraxicum officinale, Cronquist (1964). The flora of TCEF is domi-
Thlaspi arvense, Tragopogon dubius, Trifolium nated by species from two floristic provinces, the
hybridum, Trifolium pratense, and Trifolium Boreal (Northern Conifer) and the Cordilleran.
repens. The nativity oftwo species, Festuca rubra Approximately 47% of the species in the flora
and Poa palustris, is uncertain. Centaurea macu- have a predominantly Cordilleran affinity and
losa. Chrysanthemum leucanthemum, Cirsium 25% have a Boreal affinity. This is not un-
arvense, and Tanacetum vulgare are listed as expected for an area such as TCEF, which occurs
noxious weeds by the Montana Department of within the Cordilleran province at moderate to
Agriculture. Their distributions in TCEF are high elevations of the Northern Rocky Moun-
limited to a few scattered individuals or small tains and is dominated by subalpine conifer
clumps mainly along roads and in meadows forests. Of the remaining species, the majority
adjacent to roads. Phlox kelseyi var. missoulensis are widely distributed across two ormore fioristic
is the only documented rare species in TCEF and regions and cannot be assigned to a specific
is listed by the USDA Forest Service Northern province (18% are classified as widespread).
Region as a sensitive plant and by the Montana Although elevations in the study area are not
Natural Heritage Program as a Species of high enough to support an alpine life zone, a few
Concern in the state. This study, though attempt- meadows and exposed areas have conditions
ing to be comprehensive, almost certainly has similar enough to alpine zones to support a few
missed taxa that occur within the study area, and species from the Arctic-alpine province. Six
several small meadows and openings remain species or roughly 2% of the flora fall into this
basically unsurveyed. category, including Poa alpina and Sibbaldia
Table 3. Largest Generaof Tenderfoot Creek
Table SummaryofTenderfootCreekExperi- Experimental Forest Flora.
1.
mental Forest Flora.
Genera Species
Taxon Families Genera Species
Carex
1
Ferns and fern allies 3 6 6 Poa 8
Pinophyta 2 5 9 Salix 8
Magnoliopsida 34 115 211 Juncus 1
Liliopsida 5 36 86 Aster 6
Totals 44 162 312 Erigeron 6
2006] MINCEMOYER AND BIRDSALL: FLORA OF TENDERFOOT CREEK 215
procumhens. The remaining 8% of species are Layser, E. 1992. Onion Park Research Natural Area:
exotic to North America and do not fall into one botanical and ecological resources inventory, map-
of the floristic provinces. Many of the exotics ping and analysis. Unpublished report, contract
#43.84M8-2- 0705. U.S. Department of Agricul-
were not collected during surveys in the 1990s but
ture, Forest Service, Lewis and Clark National
were observed in the 2003-2005 surveys, mainly
Forest.
along roads and in meadows adjacent to roads. Lesica, P. 2002. A fiora of Glacier National Park,
Introductions of these species may be arising Montana. Oregon State UniversityPress, Corvallis,
from increased human activity in the area. OR.
Currently, these exotics are a small component Mantas, M. 1999. Vascular plant checklist for the
of the flora in terms of their area of extent and Flathead National Forest, Montana. Unpublished
their contribution to floristic diversity. In com- report. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest
parison, the percent ofthe TCEF flora composed Service, Flathead National Forest, Kalispell, MT.
Mueggler, W. F. and W. L. Stewart. 1980.
ofexotics is slightly less but similar to the percent Grassland and shrubland habitat types ofWestern
of exotics found in two other recent Montana Montana. General Technical Report INT-66. U.S.
floras from Flathead National Forest and Glacier Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Inter-
National Park which cover larger and more mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station,
diverse areas (Lesica 2002; Mantas 1999). No Ogden, UT.
specieswith Great Plainsaffinities occurin TCEF Palmer, M. W., G. L. Wade, and P. Nlal. 1995.
probably because ofthe relatively high elevations Standards for the writing of fioras. Bioscience
of the study area. Species with Great Plains 45:339-345.
affinities do occur along the lower slopes of the Pfister, R. D., B. L. Kovalchik, S. F. Arno, and
R. C. Presby. 1977. Forest habitat types of
Little Belt Mountains. Montana. General Technical Report INT-34.
Acknowledgments U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service,
Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment,
We would like to thank Dr. Matt Lavin and Cathy Station, Ogden, UT.
Seibert at MONT for their assistance verifying collec- Reznicek, a. a. 1997. The true Carex rostrctta in the
tions by Earle Layser; Rob Ahl for producing the American Rockies. Sage Notes 19:11-13.
included map; Peter Lesica for providing data and Schmidt, W. C, J. L. Friede, and Compilers. 1996.
assistance on assignment of floristic provinces; and Experimental forests, ranges and watersheds in the
Colin Hardy and Cameron Johnston at the USES, Northern Rocky, Mountains: a compendium of
Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences outdoorlaboratoriesin Utah, Idahoand Montana.
Laboratory for granting the time to collect and process General Technical Report INT-GTR 334. U.S.
specimens. Finally, we give special thanks to Peter Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Inter-
Stickney of MRC for assistance and guidance on all mountain Research Station, Ogden, UT.
aspects of this project including identification of diffi-
cult taxa, specimen curation and review ofearly drafts.
Appendix I
Literature Cited
Annotated Checklist
Barrett, S. W. 1993. FirehistoryofTenderfootCreek
Experimental Forest, Lewis and Clark National The checklist is arranged by division and class, then
Forest. Unpublished report of Research Joint alphabetically by family and species. Nomenclature
Venture Agreement INT-92679 on file at: U. S. generally follows Dorn (1984). Common names are
Department ofAgriculture, Forest Service, Rocky generally from Hitchcock and Cronquist (1973). Exotic
Mountain Research Station, Intermountain Fire speciesarepreceded byan asterix (*). Festucarubraand
Sciences Laboratory, Missoula, MT. Poapainstris are preceded by double astrices (**) since
DORN, R. D. 1984. Vascular plants of Montana. their nativity is uncertain. Geographic abundance is
Mountain West Publishing, Cheyenne, WY. included in the checklist using the following scale
Gleason, H. a. and a. Cronquist. 1964. The suggested by—Palmer, Wade and Neal (1995):
natural geography ofplants. Columbia University Abundant Dominant or codominant in one or
Press, New York, NY. more comm—on habitats.
Hansen, P. L., R. D. Pfister, K. Boggs, B. J. Cook, Frequent Easily found in one or more common
J. Joy, and D. K. Hinckley. 1995. Classification habitats, but—not dominant in any common habitat.
and management of Montana's riparian and Occasional Widely scattered, but not difficult to
wetland sites. Miscellaneous Publication 54. Uni- find. —
versity of Montana, School of Forestry, Montana Infrequent Difficult to find with few individuals or
Forest and Conservation Experiment Station, colonies—, but found in several locations.
Missoula, MT. Rare Very difficult to find and limited to one or
Henderson, D. M., R. K. Moseley, and A. F. very few locations.
Cholewa. 1990. A newAgoseris(Asteraceae)from In conjunction with an abundance category, the
Idaho and Montana. Systematic Botany 15: generalized habitats in which a species usually occurs
462-465. are provided. Specific locations are provided for some
Hitchcock, C. L. and A. Cronquist. 1973. Flora of species when they are only known to occur in one or
the Pacific Northwest: an illustrated manual. two distinct areas. Collection numbers, listed at theend
University ofWashington Press, Seattle, WA. ofeach entry, are Scott Mincemoyer's unless otherwise
. . .
MADRONO
216 [Vol. 53
noted. Mincemoyer's collections are deposited at the Heracleum sphondylium L. cow-parsnip. Infrequent,
MRC herbarium (Rocky Mountain Research Station, Streambanks with deep, rich soils. i
Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Missoula, MT) with Lomatium cous (Wats) Coult. & Rose, cous biscuitroot. [
MONT
some duplicates deposited at the herbarium Infrequent. Dry Park and possibly in other dry '|
(Montana State University, Bozeman, MT). Taxa meadows. 92, 278.
lacking collection numbers were identified by Scott Lomatium dissectum (Nutt.) Math. & Cronst. fern-
Mincemoyer during field observations. Collections by leaved lomatium. Rare. Steep, south slope near
Jennifer Birdsall are denoted by the initials JLB bottom ofdrainage. 216.
followed by a collection number and are on file at Lomatium triternatum (Pursh) Coult. & Rose, nine-leaf
MRC. Collections by Earle Layser are distinquishedby lomatium. Rare. Lower portion of drainage along
Layser followed by a collection number and are roadside. 253.
deposited at MONT. Collections by Jessica Fultz are Osmorhiza chilensis H. & A. mountain sweet-cicely,
distinquishedbyTCEFfollowedbyacollectionnumber Occasional. Moist forests. 106. i
and are deposited at MONT. Some additional speci- Osmorhizaoccidentalis(Nutt. ExT. &G.)Torr.western j
mensandduplicatesarealso includedandareidentified sweet-cicely. Infrequent. Riparian forests. 271. \
as such. Perideridia gairdneri (H. & A.) Mathias. Gairdner's
Division Equisetophyta yampah. Infrequent. Vernally moist meadows. 18.
Equisetaceae
Equisetimi arvense L. common horsetail. Infrequent. Apocynaceae
Wet meadows and streambanks. 245. Apocynum androsaemifolium L. spreading dogbane.
Division Pterophyta Rare. Steep, south slope near bottom of drainage, i
344.
Polypodiaceae
Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth. Lady fern. Rare. Asteraceae j
Passionate Creek. 403. Achillea millefolium L. common yarrow. Occasional.
Cryptogramma acrostichoides R. Br. rock-brake. Rare. Meadows and drier slopes. 301.
Rocky slopes. Quartzite Ridge.
Agoseris aurantiaca (Hook.) Greene, orange agoseris.
CysItnofprteeqruiesntf.ragRiloicsky(L.)sloBpeers,nh.crebvraitstslees balnadddesrtrfeearmn-. Infrequent. Roadsides and drier meadows. 70, 118,
309.
banks. 27, 65.
Woodsia oregana D.C. Eaton, woodsia. Rare. Rocky Agoseris glauca (Pursh) Raf. pale agoseris. Occasional.
Meadows. 16, 42.
slopes. 336. Agoseris lackschewitzii Henderson & Mosely. pink
Selaginellaceae agoseris. Rare. Wet meadows. Species described in
SeltaogipnealbloavedegnrsaaveRlpyidtb..29s6e.laginella. Rare. Open ridge- AnaHpehnadliesrsmoanrgeatr.iatla.c(e1a99(0L)..) B. & H. pearly everlasting.
Occasional. Roadsides. 52.
Division Pinophyta Antennaria anaphaloides Rydb. tall pussy-toes. Rare.
Cupressaceae Open ridgetop above gravelpit. 307.
Juniperus communis L. common juniper. Occasional. Antennaria corymbosa E. Nels. meadow pussy-toes.
Upland forests. 264. Rare. Wet meadows; Sun Creek area. 722; Layser
Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. Rocky Mtn. juniper. Rare. 3289, 3337. '
Steep, south slope near bottom ofdrainage. 337. Antqeunennatr.iaDrmyicrmoepahdyollwas.Ry3d05b,. 4r1o9sy{Ap.ussryo-steoaeso.fIsnofrmee- \\
\
Pinaceae authors).
i
Abieslasiocarpa(Hook.)Nutt. subalpinefir. Abundant. Antennaria parvifolia Nutt. Nuttall's pussy-toes. Rare.
Picea engelmannii Parry. Engelmann spruce. Frequent. Open slope just west of Passionate Creek. 366
(MONT).
Most habitats except drier slopes.
Pinus albicaulis Engelm. whitebark pine. Frequent. Antennaria racemosa Hook, woods pussey-toes. Fre-
Matureindividualsathigherelevationsand scattered quent. Upland forests. 21; Clark36.
seedlings and saplings elsewhere. Arnica cordifolia Hook, heartleaf arnica. Infrequent.
Pinus contorta Dougl. lodgepole pine. Abundant. Upland forests, more common at lower elevations.
Pinus flexilis James, limber pine. Rare. Steep, south Arnica latifolia Bong, mountain arnica. Abundant.
slope near bottom ofdrainage. 350. Upland forests and open slopes. 321
Pimis ponderosa Dougl. ponderosa pine. Rare. Steep, Arnica mollis Hook, hairy arnica. Infrequent. Wet
south slope near bottom ofdrainage. 349. meadows and streamsides. Layser 3297.
\
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco. Douglas-fir. Arnica rydbergii Greene. Rydberg's arnica. Frequent.
Rare. Scattered individuals in lower elevations. Upland forests; Sun Creek area. TCEF 004
(MONT).
Division Magnoliophyta Artemisia absinthium L. wormwood. Infrequent.
Class Magnoliopsida Roadsides. JLB25.
Aceraceae Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. gray sagewort. Rare. Steep,
Acer glabrum Torr. Rocky Mountain maple. Rare. south slope near bottom of drainage. 348 (MRC, \
Lower portion ofdrainage. 251 Dupl. MONT). ;
Aster ciliolatus Lindl. Lindley aster. Rare. Steep, south j
Apiaceae slope near bottom ofdrainage. 351 ;
Angelica arguta Nutt. Lyalfs angelica. Occasional. Aster conspicuus Lindl. showy aster. Infrequent. Ten- !
Streambanks with deep, rich soils. derfoot Creek. 365.
.
2006] MINCEMOYER AND BIRDSALL: FLORA OF TENDERFOOT CREEK 217
Aster foliaceus Lindl. leafy aster. Infrequent. Moist Senecio triangukiris Hook, arrowleaf groundsel. Fre-
meadows and streamsides. 56. quent. Riparian forests, wet meadows and stream-
Aster hesperius Gray, western willow aster. Frequent. sides.
Stream banks and meadows; Sun Creek area. TCEF Solidago canadensis L. Canada goldenrod. Rare. Lower
006 (MONT). portion ofTenderfoot Creek. 405.
Aster integrifolius Nutt. thick-stemmed aster. Frequent. Solidago missouriensis Nutt. Missouri goldenrod. In-
Dry meadows; Onion Park. TCEF008 (MONT). frequent. Steep, south slopenearbottomofdrainage.
Aster meritiis A. Nels. arctic aster. Frequent. Open, 345 (MRC, Dupl MONT).
upland forests. 81, 83. 127. Solidago multiradiata Ait. northern goldenrod. Infre-
Aster nwdestus Lindl. few-flowered aster. Rare. Lower quent. Dry meadows and open slopes. 15. 316
portion ofTenderfoot Creek. 358. (MONT).
Aster oecidentalis (Nutt.) T. & G. western aster. ^Sonchusarvensis L. perennial sow-thistle. Rare. Road-
Frequent. Moist meadows and moist, open forests. sides. JLB27.
43. 75. 137. 313 (MONT), 327 (MONT); Layser *Tcmacetum vulgare L. common tansy. Rare. Road-
3288. 3302. sides. JLB 16.
^Carduus nutans L. musk thistle. Rare. Roadsides. JLB *Taraxacum laevigatum (Willd.) DC. red-seeded dan-
17. delion. Rare. Roadsides.
*Centaurea niaeulosa Lam. spotted knapweed. Rare. *Taraxacum officinale Weber, common dandelion.
Roadsides. JLB 9. Occasional. Meadows and roadsides.
Chaenaetisdouglasii(Hook.) H. & A. hoary chaenactis. *Tragopogon duhius Scop, yellow salsify. Rare. Steep,
Rare. Lower portion ofdrainage along road. south slope near bottom ofdrainage. 341
*Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L. oxeye-daisy. Infre-
quent. Roadsides. JLB 6. Berberidaceae
*Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. Canada thistle. Infrequent. Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G. Don. creeping Oregon-
Roadsides and meadows. grape. Infrequent. Forests and open areas in lower
Cirsium hookerianum Nutt. Hooker's thistle. Occasion- portion ofdrainage. 263.
al. Meadows.
Betulaceae
*Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Tenore. bull thistle. Infrequent.
Roadsides. JLB 5. Alnus viridis(Vill.) Lam. & DC. Sitka alder. Infrequent.
Crepis runcinata (James) T. & G. meadow hawksbeard. Streamsidesinlowerportionofdrainage.247(MRC,
Rare. Dry Park. 423. Dupl. MONT).
Erigeron eompositus Pursh. cutleaf daisy. Infrequent.
Rocky slopes and outcrops in lower portion of Boraginaceae
drainage. 64, 266. Mertensia cilicita (James ex. Torr.) G. Don. mountain
Erigeron ochroleucus Nutt. buff fleabane. Rare. Open bluebell. Occasional. Streamsides and wet meadows.
ridgetop above gravelpit. 297. 250.
Erigeronperegrinus (Pursh) Greene. Occasional. Onion Mertensia ohlongifolia (Nutt.) G. Don. leafy bluebells.
Park area. Clark 55. Frequent. Meadows; Onion Park. TCEF 002
Erigeron simplexGreene, alpine daisy. Rare. Meadows. (MONT).
132. Mertensia viridis (A. Nels.) A. Nels. green bluebells.
Erigeron speciosus (Lindl.) DC. showy fleabane. In- Rare. Infrequent. Meadows; Onion Park area.
frequent. Lower portion ofdrainage. 352 (MONT), 229.
357 (MONT).
Erigeron ursinus DC. Eat. Bear River fleabane. Rare. Brassicaceae
Meadows; Stringer Creek area. 422. Arabis confinis Wats, spreading pod rockcress. Rare.
*Filago arvensis L. filago. Rare. Along Road 586 west Open areas in lower portion of drainage. 272
ofBubbling Springs. 401. (MONT).
Heterotheca vi/losa (Pursh) Shinners. hairy goldaster. Arahis drummondii Gray. Drummond's rockcress. In-
Rare. Roadsides. JLB26. frequent. Meadows.
Hieracium a/hi/lorum Hook, white-flowered hawkweed. "^Arahis glabra (L.) Bernh. towermustard. Rare. Mea-
Frequent. Upland forests. 367; Layser 3316. dows; Onion Park area. 78.
Hieracium cynogk)ssoides Arv.-Touv. hounds-tongue Arabisnuttallii Robins. Nuttalfs rockcress. Occasional.
hawkweed. Infrequent. Open forestsin lowerportion Meadows and open slopes. 275.
ofdrainage. 361 (MRC, Dupl. MONT). Barharea orthoceras Ledeb. wintercress. Infrequent.
Hieracium gracile Hook, slender hawkweed. Frequent. Moist meadows and streamsides. 44.
Upland forests, more common with increasing Cardamine breweri Wats. Brewer's bittercress. Infre-
elevation. Layser 3317. quent. Wet meadows and streamsides. Layser 3296,
*Lactuca serriola L. prickly lettuce. Rare. Logged area. 3330.
JLB27. Draba stenoloba Ledeb. slender draba. Occasional.
Microserisnutans (Geyerex. Hook.) Schultz-Bip. Rare. Open areas in meadows and along streams. 93.
Dry meadows; Stringer Creek area. 420. Rorippa curvisiliqua (Hook.) Bessey. western yellow-
Nothocakiis nigrescens (Henderson) Heller, black-hairy cress. Rare. Vernally inundated depressions in
nothocalais. Occasional. Dry meadows. 97. meadows; one collection from small meadow east
Senecio pseudaureus Rydb. streambank butterweed. ofSpring Park. 104.
Infrequent. Streamsides. 138; Layser3284. 3308. *Thlaspiarvense L. field pennycress. Infrequent. Road-
Senecio sphaerocephahis Greene, mt-marsh butterweed. sides. JLB28.
Infrequent. Meadows and roadsides. 79, 109; Layser Thlaspimontanum L. Fendler's pennycress. Infrequent.
3282. Meadows. 31. 234.
I
MADRONO
218 [Vol. 53
Campanulaceae Astragalus bourgovii Gray. Bourgeau's milkvetch.
Campanula rotimdifolia L. lady's thimble. Occasional. Occassional. Meadows: gullies and along tree lines; 'i
Meadows. 314. Spring Park area. TCEF005 (MONT). '
Hedysarum occidentale Greene, western hedysarum.
Caprifoliaceae Rare. Lower portion of Tenderfoot Creek. 252,
Linnaea horealis L. twinflower. Rare. Moist forests. 74. 369.
Lonicera utahemis Wats. Utah honeysuckle. Occasion- Lupinus argenteus Pursh. silvery lupine. Abundant.
al. Forests and riparian areas. Forests.
Samhucus racemosa L. elderberry. Infrequent. Forests; *Medicago lupulina L. black medic. Rare. Roadsides.
heavily browsed by deer and elk. 244. JLB 8.
*Melilotusofficinalis(L.) Pallas, common yellow sweet-
Caryophyllaceae clover. Rare. Disturbed site near flume in gravel.
Arenaria congesta Nutt. var. lithophila Rydb. ballhead JLB20.
sandwort. Infrequent. Rocky slopes. 53, 329 Oxytropis cusickiiGreenm. Rare. Open ridgetop above I
(MONT) (Hitchcock and Crounquist 1973). gravelpit. 276. I
Arenaria lateriflora L. Bluntleaf sandwort. Infrequent. *Trifolium hybridum L. alsike clover. Occasional.
Meadows; Onion Park area. 223. Roadsides. JLB24.
Cerastium arvense L. field chickweed. Infrequent. Trifolium longipes Nutt. long-stalked clover. Occasion-
Meadows; Onion Park area. 141, 246. al. Moist meadows and forest openings. 233.
Silene parryi (Wats.) Hitchc. & Mag. Parry's silene. "^Trifolium pratense L. red clover. Infrequent. Road-
Infrequent. Dry meadows. 310 (MRC, Dupl. sides. JLB22.
MONT). *Trifolium repens L. white clover. Rare. Meadows and
*Spergularia rubra (L.) J. & K. Presl. red sandspurry. roadsides.
Rare. Dry meadows and roadsides. 124.
Stellaria crispa Cham. & Schlecht. crisped starwort. Gentianaceae
Rare. Moist depressions offorests. 58. Frasera speciosa Dougl. giant frasera. Rare. Dry Park.
Stellaria longifolia Muhl. ex Willd. long-leaved star- Gentiana affinis Griseb. pleated gentian. Rare. Moist
wort. Infrequent. Meadows; OnionParkarea. Lavser meadows. 128; Layser3324.
3323.
Stellariasitehana Steud. northern starwort. Rare. Moist Geraniaceae
depressions offorests. 40. Geranium bicknellii Britt. Bicknell's geranium. Rare.
Crassulaceae Dry meadows; Sun Creek and Onion Park. TCEF
003 (MONT).
Sedum lanceolatum Torr. lanceleaf stonecrop. Rare. Geranium richardsoniiFisch. &Trautv. whitegeranium.
Dry meadows and rocky slopes. 277, 294. Frequent. Moist to wet meadows and streamsides.
Ericaceae 95, 261 (MONT).
Geranium viscosissimum F. & M. sticky geranium.
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. kinnikinnick. In- Occasional. Meadows.
frequent. Dry, south-facing slopes. 364.
Cliimaphilawnbellata(L.) Bart, prince'spine. Frequent. Grossulariaceae
Upland forests.
Hypopitys monotropa Crantz. pinesap. Rare. Upland Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir. black gooseberry. Occasion-
al. Forests, rocky slopes and open areas along
Ledfourmestsg.landulosum Nutt. Labrador-tea. Rare. Wet streams. |
meadows associated with Sphagnum spp.; upper Ribes viscosissimum Pursh. sticky currant. Occasional.
portion ofSun Creek. Rocky slopes and open areas along road paralleling
Pyrola asarifolia Michx. pink wintergreen. Rare. Moist Tenderfoot Creek. 262.
forests; Onion Park area. 362; Layser 3287. Hydrophyllaceae
Pyrola chlorantha Sw. green wintergreen. Occasional.
Upland forests. PhacelialiastataDougl. silverleafphacelia. Rare. Steep,
Pyrola minor L. lesser wintergreen. Rare. Forests. 133, south slope near bottom ofdrainage. 340.
Py'r4o0l0a(sMeOcuNnTd)a.L. one-sided wintergreen. Occasional. PhaSccerleieaslsoepriecaeappr(oGxr.abV.a)mGilreayS,EsoiflkDyryphPaacrelkiaa.ndRNareo.f
Upland forests. Road 839. 333 (MRC, Dupl. MONT).
Vaccinium caespitosum Michx. dwarf huckleberry. In- Lamiaceae
frequent. Forests. Layser 3299.
Vaecinium globulare Rydb. globe huckleberry. Fre- Prunella vulgarisL. self-heal. Rare. Meadowsandforest
quent. Moist forests; plants are diminutive in stature edges; west edge ofOnion Park. 117. I
throughout TCEF. 242, 283, 368. j
Onagraceae
Vaeeinium myrtillus L. dwarf billberry. Abundant.
Upland forests. Epilobium anagallidifolium Lam. alpine willow-herb.
Vaccinium scoparium Leiberg. grouse whortleberry. Infrequent. Wet meadows and streamsides. 112, 308
Abundant. Upland forests. (MRC, Dupl. MONT); Layser3321, 3332.
Epilobium angustifolium L. fireweed. Occasional. Road-
Fabaceae sides and open forests.
Astragalus alpinus L. alpine milkvetch. Occasional. Epilobium ciliatum Raf. common willow-herb. Fre-
Forest openings and rocky areas. 39, 240 (MONT), quent. Streamsides and wet meadows. 41; Layser
421, 425 (MONT). 3322, 3327. \
2006] MINCEMOYER AND BIRDSALL: FLORA OF TENDERFOOT CREEK 219
Epilobium paniculatum Nutt. ex T. «& G. tall annual Fragaria virginiana Duchesne, blueleaf strawberry.
willow-herb. Rare. Steep, south slopenearbottom of Frequent. Forest openings, meadows and roadsides.
drainage. 339. 265.
Geum macrophyllum Willd. large-leaved avens. Infre-
Plantaginaceae quent. Moist to wet meadows.
PlantagomajorL. common plantain. Infrequent. Road- Geum rivcde L. water avens. Rare. Moist to wet
sides. JLB 18. meadows; Onion Park. TCEF007 (MONT).
Geum triflorum Pursh. prairie smoke. Infrequent. Drier
Polemoniaceae meadows; Onion and Dry Parks. 279.
CoUomia linearisNutt. narrow-leafcollomia. Occasion- Potentilla diversifolia Lehm. diverse-leaved cinquefoil.
al. Dry meadows and rocky slopes. Frequent. Meadows, moist forests and streamsides.
Phlox kelseyi Britt. var. missoulensis (Wherry) Cronq. 231.
Missoula phlox. Rare. Open ridgetop above gravel- Potentillaglandulosa Lindl. sticky cinquefoil. Occasion-
pit. 280; Hitchcock & Muhlick 12311 (RM) (Hitch- al. Rocky slopes along lower portion ofTenderfoot
cock and Crounquist 1973). Creek. 63, 269.
Polemonium pulcherrimum Hook, skunk-leaved pole- Potentilla gracilis Dougl. soft cinquefoil. Occasional,
monium. Infrequent. Dry, open areas. 88. meadows and forest openings. 119.
Prunuspensylvanica L. f. pin cherry. Rare. Steep, south
Polygonaceae slope near bottom ofdrainage. 343.
Eriogonumflcivum Nutt. yellow buckwheat. Rare. Scree Prunus virginiana L. commonchokecherry. Rare. Steep,
slope approx. Va mile SE ofDryParkand NofRoad south slope near bottom ofdrainage. 342.
839. 328 (MONT). Rosa acicularis Lindl. prickly rose. Infrequent. Lower
Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. sulfur buckwheat. Rare. portion ofTenderfoot Creek. 86, 254, 347 (MONT).
Open ridgetop above gravelpit. 298. Rubus idaeus L. red raspberry. Occasional. Scree slopes
Polygonum bistortoides Pursh. American bistort. Fre- and rocky areas; Quartzite Ridge.
quent. Wet meadows. 108, 225 (MONT). Rubusparviflorus Nutt. thimbleberry. Rare. Passionate
^Polygonum convolvulus L. black bindweed. Rare. Creek. 402.
Roadsides. JLB 11. Sibbaldiaprocumbens L. creeping sibbaldia. Infrequent.
Polygonum douglasii Greene. Douglas's knotweed. In- Roadsides and other exposed areas. 50.
frequent. Meadows and dry, open areas. 103, 302 Sorbus scopulina Greene. Cascade mountain ash. Rare.
(MONT); Layser 3325. Upland forests; one individual found on north slope.
*Rumex acetosella L. sheep sorrel. Infrequent. Road- 59.
sides. JLB 19. Spiraea betulifolia Pall, shiny-leaf spirea. Frequent.
Rumex paucifolius Nutt. mountain sorrel. Infrequent. Upland forests.
Meadows; Onion Park. 317; Layser 3285; Clark 37.
Rubiaceae
Portulaceae
Galium boreale L. northern bedstraw. Occasional.
Claytonia lanceolata Pursh. western springbeauty. Meadows and partially shaded streambanks. 24.
Frequent. Forests at higher elevations. 94. Gcdiuni triflorum Michx. sweet-scented bedstraw. Rare.
Moist areas in lower portion of drainage. 359
Primulaceae (MONT).
Androsace septentrioncdis L. northern androsace. In-
frequent. Barren areas along streams and in mea- Salicaceae
dows. 101. Populus balsamifera L. spp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray,
Dodecatheon pulchellum (Raf.) Merrill, few-flowered ex Hook.) Brayshaw. black cottonwood. Rare. One
shooting star. Frequent. Meadows. 84, 105, 226 individual found along lower portion ofTenderfoot
(MONT), 274. Creek. 215.
Populus tremuloides Michx. quaking aspen. Infrequent.
Ranunculaceae
Lower portion ofdrainage on rocky slopes. 338.
Actaea rubra (Ait.) Willd. baneberry. Rare. Shaded Salix barclayi Anderrs. Barclay's willow. Frequent.
streambanks. 273. Streamsides and wet meadows along rivulets. 89,
Delphiniun bicolor Nutt. low larkspur. Rare. Meadows; 113; Layser 3283, 3315.
Onion Park. Scdixbebbiana Sarg. Bebb willow. Rare. Lower portion
Ranunculus eschscholtzii Schlecht. subalpine buttercup. ofdrainage. 255 (MRC, Dupl. MONT), 256.
Rare. Rivulets in wet meadows; Onion Park. 236. Salix boothii Dorn. Booth's willow. Occasional. Lower
Ranunculus inamoenus Greene, unlovely buttercup. portion of drainage along Tenderfoot Creek. 243,
Infrequent. Streamsides and wet meadows. 96, 418. 257, 376, 379 (MRC, Dupl. MONT).
Ranunculus uncinatus D. Don ex G. Don. little Salix drummondiana Barratt. Drummond willow. Fre-
buttercup. Infrequent. Streamsides and wet mea- quent. Streamsides and wet meadows along rivulets.
dows. 97. 30, 377 (MONT); Layser 3303, 3320.
Thalictrum occidentale Gray, western meadowrue. Salix geyeriana Anderss. Geyer's willow. Infrequent.
Frequent. Moist forests. 232. Lower portion ofdrainage along Tenderfoot Creek.
Trollius laxus Salisb. American globeflower. Abundant. 388.
Openings ofmoist forests and wet meadows. 237. Salix lasiandra Benth. Pacific willow. Rare. Lower
portion ofdrainage along Tenderfoot Creek. 404.
Rosaceae
SalixmelanopsisNutt. Infrequent, duskywillow. Lower
Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt. serviceberry. Rare. Lower portion of drainage along Tenderfoot Creek. 389,
portion ofdrainage. 249. 390.
.
MADRONO
220 [Vol. 53
Salix scouleriana Barratt. Scouler willow. Occasional. Valerianaceae
Lower portion ofdrainage along Tenderfoot Creek Valeriana dioiea L. northern valerian. Infrequent.
and in forest openings. 378 (MONT), 387 (MRC, Meadows. Ill, 224 (MONT).
Dupl. MONT). Valeriana sitchensis Bong. Sitka valerian. Frequent.
Saxifragaceae Moist forests and meadows.
Heuchera cylindrica Dougl. ex Hook, roundleaf alum- Violaceae
root. Occasional. Dry, rocky slopes. 346. Viola maeloskeyi Lloyd, small white violet. Rare.
Lithophragma glabriim Nutt. bulbiferous fringecup. Streambanks and wet meadows. 98.
Occasional. Wet meadows and streamsides. 107. Viola nuttallii Pursh. Nuttall's violet. Rare. Stream-
Mitellapeiitcmdra Hook, alpine mitrewort. Occasional. banks and wet meadows. 99.
Shaded streambanks. 130, 270 (MONT). Viola orbieulata Geyer ex Holz. round-leaved violet.
Mitella trifida Grab. Threeparted mitrewort. Rare. Abundant. Forests.
Moist forests. 424.
Parnassiafimbriata Koenig. fringed grass ofparnassus. Class Liliopsida
Occasional. Streambanks and wet meadows. 25. Cyperaceae
Saxifraga occidentalis Wats, western saxifrage. Infre- Carex atrata L. blackened sedge. Infrequent. Wet
quent. Meadows; Onion Park. 100. meadows. 135.
SaxifragaodontoloniaPiper, brook saxifrage. Occasion- Carexcaneseens L. graysedge. Rare. Wetmeadows. 46.
al. Shaded streambanks. Carex eoneinnoides Mack, northwest sedge. Infrequent.
Saxifraga oregana Howell. Oregon saxifrage. Occasion- Dry forests.
al. Moist meadows. 230. CarexdispermaDewey, soft-leavedsedge. Rare. Shaded
streambanks and moist, forest edges. 125.
Scrophulariaceae CarexfoeneaWilld. dryspike sedge. Uncommon. Moist
Besseya wyomingensis (A. Nels.) Rydb. Wyoming openings; lower portion ofdrainage. 374.
besseya. Rare. Open ridgetop above gravelpit. 282. Carex geyeri Boott. elk sedge. Abundant. Upland
Castilleja cusickii Greenm. Cusick's paintbrush. In- forests. 228.
frequent. Dry meadows; Dry Park and Onion Park. Carex hoodii Boott. Hood's sedge. Occasional. Moist
29, 131; Layser 3298. openings; lower portion ofdrainage. 375.
Castilleja miniata Dougl. scarlet paintbrush. Occasion- Carex lentieularis Michx. lakeshore sedge. Infrequent.
al. Meadows and streambanks. Moist openings; lower portion ofdrainage. 73, 373.
Colliusia parviflora Lindl. blue-eyed mary. Infrequent. Carexmieroptera Mack, small-winged sedge. Frequent.
Vernally moist slopes and meadows. Meadows. 23, 80, 85, 136, 318 (MONT), 320
(MONT).
Mimulus guttatus DC. yellow monkey-flower. Rare.
Streambanks. Carex murieata L. muricate sedge. Infrequent. Wet
Mimquuelnuts. lSetn'riseiaimbPuarnskhs. aLnedwispa'rtmiaolnlkyeys-hfaldoewdere.dgIensfroe-f Carmeexadnoowrsve.gi7e7a. Retz. Scandinavian sedge. Rare. Wet
wet meadows; primarily around Sun Creek. meadows; Onion Park. Layser 3319.
Carexphaeoeephala Piper, dunhead sedge. Rare. SE of
Pedicularis braeteosa Benth. bracted lousewort. In-
frequent. Upper elevation forests and wet meadows. Dry Parkjust below scree slope. 330.
Carex raynoldsii Dewey. Raynold's sedge. Occasional.
PedRiaerulea.riUspepoeurtoerlteavBateinotnh.fowrheisttse.coiled-beaklousewort. MMoOiNsTt)t,o3w1e2t(mMeOaNdTo)ws.. 120, 300 (MRC & Dupl. j
Pedieularis groenlandica Retz. pink elephant's head. \
Infrequent. Wet meadows. 326. Caroepexnirnogsssi.i25B8oot(tM.RCR,ossD'upls.edMgeO.NTIn)f,re3qu3e2nt(.MOFNoTre)s,t i
Pedieularisparryi Gray. Parry's lousewort. Rare. Open Carex seirpoidea Michx. var. pseudoseirpoidea (Rydb.) j
ridgetop above gravelpit. 281 Cronq. single-spike sedge. Rare. Rocky slopes and
Pedieularis raeemosa Dougl. sickletop lousewort. In- meadows. 110, 304.
frequent. Forests. (Hitchcock and Crounquist 1973).
Pensteinon attenuatus Dougl. var. pseudoproeerus Carex seopulorum Holm var. prionophylla (Holm) '
(Rydb.) Cronq. small penstemon. Rare. Open slopes. Standley. saw-leaved sedge. Infrequent. Wet mea-
295, 399. (Hitchcock and Crounquist 1973). dows; Onion Park. 239, 372 (MRC, Dupl. MONT);
Penstemon proeerus Dougl. ex Grah. small-flowered Layser 3290, 3310, 3311, 3340. I
penstemon. Rare. Open slopes and meadows. 140. Carex utrieulata Boott beaked sedge. Occasional.
Veroniea amerieana Schwein. American speedwell. Permanently saturated meadows and low gradient
Rare. Standing or flowing water; Sun Creek area. streams. Layser 3291, 3309. 3335, 3336, 3339.
36. Incorrectly called Carex rostrata by Dorn (1984) \
Veroniea serpyllifolia L. var. humifusa (Dickson) Vahl. and many other authors (Reznicek 1997).
thyme-leaved speedwell. Rare. Vernally inundated Eriophorum ehamissonis C. A. Mey. Chamisso'scotton-
depressions in grass. Infrequent. Wet meadows, usually associated
meadows; one collection from small meadow east of with Sphagnum spp.; Onion Park and Sun Creek |i;:
Spring Park. 126. (Hitchcock and Crounquist 1973). areas. 4\ Layser 3295, 3305, 3338.
Veroniea wormskjoldii Roem. & Schult. alpine speed- Eriophorum polystachion L. many-spiked cotton-grass, |
j!
well. Infrequent. Moist meadows. Rare. Wet meadows; Onion Park. 115.
\
Urticaceae Juncaceae
Urtiea dioiea L. stinging nettle. Rare. Open areas along Juneus baltieus Willd. Baltic Rush. Occasional. Wet
I
streams; Stringer Creek. meadows. 38.
\