Variation in Second Language Acquisition: Volume 1: Discourse and Pragmatics

302 Pages·1989·1.63 MB·English

by  Susan Gass

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title: Variation in Second Language Acquisition Multilingual
Matters (Series) ; 49-50
author: Gass, Susan M.
publisher: Multilingual Matters
isbn10 | asin: 1853590258
print isbn13: 9781853590252
ebook isbn13: 9780585199467
language: English
subject Second language acquisition--Congresses, Language and
languages--Variation--Congresses.
publication date: 1989
lcc: P118.2.V37 1989eb
ddc: 401/.9
subject: Second language acquisition--Congresses, Language and
languages--Variation--Congresses.
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Page i
Variation in Second Language Acquisition:
Volume 1: Discourse and Pragmatics

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Page ii
Multilingual Matters
Age in Second Language Acquisition
BIRGIT HARLEY
Bilingual Children: From Birth to Teens
GEORGE SAUNDERS
Bilingual and Multicultural Education: Canadian Perspectives
S. SHAPSON and V. D'OYLEY (eds.)
Bilingualism and the Individual
A. HOLMEN, E. HANSEN, J. GIMBEL and J. JØRGENSEN (eds.)
Bilingualism in Society and School
J. JØRGENSEN, E. HANSEN, A. HOLMEN and J. GIMBEL (eds.)
Bilingualism and Special Education
JIM CUMMINS
Bilingualism: Basic Principles
HUGO BAETENS BEARDSMORE
Code-Mixing and Code Choice
JOHN GIBBONS
Cultural Studies in Foreign Language Education
MICHAEL BYRAM
Current Trends in European Second Language Acquisition
HANS W. DECHERT (ed.)
Introspection in Second Language Research
C. FAERCH and G. KASPER (eds.)
Language Acquisition: The Age Factor
D. M. SINGLETON
Language and Ethnicity in Minority Sociolinguistic Perspective
JOSHUA FISHMAN
Language and Education in Multilingual Settings
BERNARD SPOLSKY (ed.)
Learner Language and Language Learning
C. FAERCH, K. HAASTRUP and R. PHILLIPSON
Methods in Dialectology
ALAN R. THOMAS (ed.)
Minority Education and Ethnic Survival
MICHAEL BYRAM
Modelling and Assessing Second Language Acquisition
K. HYLTENSTAM and M. PIENEMANN (eds.)
Oral Language Across the Curriculum
DAVID CORSON
Papers from the Fifth Nordic Conference on Bilingualism
J. GIMBEL, E. HANSEN, A. HOLMEN and J. JØRGENSEN (eds.)
Raising Children Bilingually: The Pre-School Years
LENORE ARNBERG
The Role of the First Language in Second Language Learning
HÅKAN RINGBOM
Schooling in a Plural Canada
JOHN R. MALLEA
Please contact us for the latest book information:
Multilingual Matters,
Bank House, 8a Hill Rd,
Clevedon, Avon BS21 7HH,
England

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Page iii
MULTILINGUAL MATTERS 49
Series Editor: Derrick Sharp
Variation in Second Language Acquisition:
Volume 1: Discourse and Pragmatics
Edited by
Susan Gass, Carolyn Madden, Dennis Preston and Larry Selinker
MULTILINGUAL MATTERS LTD
Clevedon • Philadelphia

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Page iv
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Variation in second language acquisition.
(Multilingual matters; 49-50)
Selected papers presented at the XIth Michigan
Conference in Applied Linguistics . . . held October 7-9,
1987 at the University of Michigan in Ann ArborPref.
Includes bibliographies and indexes.
Contents: v. 1. Discourse and pragmatics. v. 2.
Psycholinguistic issues.
1. Second language acquisitionCongresses.
2. Language and languagesVariationCongresses.
I. Gass, Susan M. II. Conference on Applied
Linguistics (11th: 1987: University of Michigan)
III. Series.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Variation in second language acquisition.
(Multilingual matters; 49).
Vol. 1: Discourse and pragmatics
1. Foreign language skills. Acquisition.
Sociolinguistic aspects
I. Gass, Susan
401'.9
ISBN 1-85359-026-6
ISBN 1-85359-025-8 Pbk
Multilingual Matters Ltd
Bank House, 8a Hill &242 Cherry Street
Road
Clevedon, Avon BS21 Philadelphia, Pa 19106-
7HH 1906
England USA
Copyright © 1989 S. Gass, C. Madden, D. Preston, L. Selinker and the authors of individual chapters.
All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced in any form or by any means without permission in writing
from the publisher.
Index compiled by Meg Davies, Society of Indexers
Typeset by MCS Ltd, Salisbury, SP1 2AY
Printed and bound in Great Britain by WBC Print, Bristol

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Page v
CONTENTS
Preface vii
Section One: Introduction
1
Introduction
Susan Gass, Carolyn Madden, Dennis Preston and Larry Selinker 3
Section Two: Models and Standards
2
The Elaboration of Pedagogical Norms for Second Language
Learners in a Conflictual Diglossia Situation
Albert Valdman 15
Section Three: Pragmatics
3
Variation in Interlanguage Speech Act Realisation
Gabriele Kasper 37
4
Happy Hebrish: Mixing and Switching in American-Israeli Family
Interactions
Elite Olshtain and Shoshana Blum-Kulka 59
5
Communicative Inferencing without a Common Language
Joanne Kleifgen 84
6
Do You Have a Bag?: Social Status and Patterned Variation in
Second Language Acquisition
Leslie Beebe and Tomoko Takahash 103
Section Four: Text And Conversation
7
Variation in Modal Use by Alaskan Eskimo Student Writers
Charlotte Basham and Patricia Kwachka 129

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Page vi
8
The Acquisition of Rhetorical Strategies in Introductory Paragraphs
in Written Academic English: A Comparison of NNSs and NSs
Jacqueline Stalker and James Stalker 144
9
Pronoun Copies, Pronominal Anaphora and Zero Anaphora in
Second Language Production
Jessica Williams 153
10
Framing Uncomfortable Moments in Crosscultural Gatekeeping
Interviews
Susan Fiksdal 190
Section Five: Power And Solidarity
11
Expertise and Authority in Native-Non-native Conversations: The
Need for a Variable Account
Miles Woken and John Swales 211
12
Performance Variation in NS-NNS Interactions: Ethnolinguistic
Difference, or Discourse Domain?
Jane Zuengler 228
13
The Influence of the Listener on L2 Speech
Tomoko Takahashi 245
Contents Of Volume II 280
Index 282

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Page vii
PREFACE
This volume is comprised of selected papers presented at the XIth Michigan Conference in Applied Linguistics
'Variation in Second Language Acquisition', held October 7-9, 1987 at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. There
were two distinct themes which emerged from this conference: those papers which dealt primarily with Discourse and
Pragmatics are published in this volume; those papers which have as their major concern psycholinguistic issues are
published in Variation in Second Language Acquisition Volume II: Psycholinguistic Issues, also published by
Multilingual Matters.
The purpose of the conference was to bring together scholars from two related areas of research. In particular, it was
our goal to create a dialogue between sociolinguists and second language acquisition researchers in an attempt to
understand precisely where their areas of concerns intersect and how those shared concerns contribute in a broader
perspective to the issue of language variation. The conference succeeded in bringing together scholars from North
America, Asia, Eastern Europe and Western Europe, representing a wide range of geographical and academic
backgrounds.
As usual in such a large undertaking, there are many people to thank. The University of Michigan, continuing its
commitment over the years to language teaching and learning, provided through a number of resources the principal
funding and the setting for this endeavour. The English Language Institute and its Director, Professor John Swales,
gave the essential financial and logistic support. The Interdisciplinary Program in Linguistics, the English Composition
Board, The Department of Germanic Languages and Literatures and the Rackham School of Graduate Studies also
provided financial support as did the Polish Exchange programme of Eastern Michigan University and the English
Language Center of Michigan State University. Many colleagues, students and staff helped with the running of the
conference, and we are grateful to them as well.

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Page 1
SECTION ONE: INTRODUCTION

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Page 1
SECTION ONE: INTRODUCTION

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