Table Of Contentvs American Vacuum Society, Inc.
1959
SIXTH NATIONAL SYMPOSIUM
ON VACUUM TECHNOLOGY
TRANSACTIONS
ALSO
CUMULATIVE INDEX
of
1954-1959 SYMPOSIA
Under the editorial supervision
of
C. ROBERT MEISSNER
OCTOBER, 7, 8 and 9
SHERATON HOTEL
PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA
Published by the Symposium Publications Division
PERGAMON PRESS
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First Published 1960
Library of Literary Congress No. 59—1422
PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN AT THE ST. ANN'S PRESS, PARK ROAD. ALTRINCHAM
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American Vacuum Society, Inc.
VS
Box 1282, Boston 9, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
FOREWORD
Vacuum technology is a field of ever widening horizons. It cuts broadly across many
branches of science and engineering and is a vital tool in fields such as physics, chemistry,
metallurgy and space technology. In electronics alone present concepts of miniaturization
may have to be revised by several orders of magnitude before very long.
To aid in the collecting and disseminating of knowledge in this new science the American
Vacuum Society was formed. The Society sponsors annual National Vacuum Symposia and
their proceedings are recorded in full in the Transactions.
Philadelphia was the site of the 1959 meeting held in the Sheraton Hotel on October 7,
8 and 9. The technical program consisted of fifty-eight papers grouped into the following
categories :
The Role of Spectroscopy in Vacuum Science
High and Ultra-High Vacuum Systems
Vacuum Measuring Techniques
Vacuum System Applications
Applications of Vacuum in Science
Thin Films and Vaporizing Sources
Vacuum System Components
Ionic Pumping
A American Vacuum Society, Inc.
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Box 1282, Boston 9, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
MODERATORS
GORDON E. BECKER, Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc.
P. A. REDHEAD, National Research Council, Canada
HUGH R. SMITH, University of California and all members of the Program Committee
It is our hope that the technical information contained in this volume will be an important
reference source to those whose activities are concerned with Vacuum Science and
Engineering.
The Program Committee wishes to thank the authors, speakers, moderators, society
members, society officers, and other committees for their excellent assistance and cooper-
ation in making this Symposium a success.
1959 Program Committee
G. H. BANCROFT, Consolidated Vacuum Corporation
LOUIS PENSAK, Radio Corporation of America
LUTHER E. PREUSS, Edsel Β. Ford Institute for Medical Research
H. W. SCHLEUNING, Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute
H. A. STEINHERT, NRC Equipment Corporation
C. ROBERT MEISSNER, Georgia Institute of Technology, Program Chairman
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Officers and Committee Chairmen 1958—1959
A. JOHN GALE, President ARTHUR BEACH III, Chairman
Affiliation : High Voltage Engineering Corp. Committee on Nominations
Burlington, Mass. Affiliation : Beach Russ Co., New York, N.Y.
W. G. MATHESON, President Elect
Affiliation: Sylvania Electric Products, Inc. CHARLES B. WILLINGHAM, Chairman
Committee on Publications and Publicity
Salem, Mass.
Affiliation : Mellon Institute Pittsburgh,
GEORGE W. CARR, Treasurer Pa.
Affiliation: Vacuum Specialties Co., Inc.
Somerville, Mass. D. J. SANTELER, Chairman
Committee on Standards and Nomenclature
HAROLD C WEINGARTNER, Secretary-Clerk Affiliation: General Electric Co.,
Affiliation:. Arthur D. Little, Inc., Schenectady, N.Y.
Cambridge, Mass.
J. R. BOWMAN, Chairman
C. ROBERT MEISSNER, Chairman
Committee on Education
Committee on Symposium Program
Affiliation: Northwestern University
Affiliation : Georgia Institute of Technology
Evanston, 111.
Atlanta, Ga.
LEWIS W. HULL, Chairman W. G. MATHESON, Chairman
Committee on Local Symposium Arrange- Committee on Membership
ments Affiliation: Sylvania Electric Products, Inc.
Affiliation: Hull Corp., Hatboro, Pa. Salem, Mass.
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VS Officers and Committee Chairmen 1958—1959
FOUNDER MEMBERS
The American Vacuum Society, Inc. wishes to acknowledge again the support and financial
contributions to the Committee on Vacuum Techniques, Inc. our founding organization.
Central Sales and Manufacturing Company
Consolidated Vacuum Corporation
General Electric Company
High Vacuum Equipment Corporation
High Voltage Engineering Corporation
Kinney Manufacturing Corporation
National Research Corporation
Liberty Mirror Division of Libby-Owens-Ford
Optical Film Engineering Company
Sylvania Electric Products, Inc.
Vacuum Electronic Engineering Company
W. M. Welch Scientific Company
LIFE MEMBERS
A. S. D. BARRETT, Edwards High Vacuum, Ltd., Crawley, Sussex, England
K. C. D. HICKMAN, Aquastills Inc., Rochester, N. Y.
R. A. KOEHLER, General Electric Co., Schenectady, N. Y.
M. W. WELCH, W. M. Welch Scientific Co., Chicago, 111.
A Corporation Not for Profit Organized Under Chapter 180 of the General Laws of the Com-
monwealth of Massachusetts.
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VS Officers and Committee Chairmen 1958—1959
FOUNDER MEMBERS
The American Vacuum Society, Inc. wishes to acknowledge again the support and financial
contributions to the Committee on Vacuum Techniques, Inc. our founding organization.
Central Sales and Manufacturing Company
Consolidated Vacuum Corporation
General Electric Company
High Vacuum Equipment Corporation
High Voltage Engineering Corporation
Kinney Manufacturing Corporation
National Research Corporation
Liberty Mirror Division of Libby-Owens-Ford
Optical Film Engineering Company
Sylvania Electric Products, Inc.
Vacuum Electronic Engineering Company
W. M. Welch Scientific Company
LIFE MEMBERS
A. S. D. BARRETT, Edwards High Vacuum, Ltd., Crawley, Sussex, England
K. C. D. HICKMAN, Aquastills Inc., Rochester, N. Y.
R. A. KOEHLER, General Electric Co., Schenectady, N. Y.
M. W. WELCH, W. M. Welch Scientific Co., Chicago, 111.
A Corporation Not for Profit Organized Under Chapter 180 of the General Laws of the Com-
monwealth of Massachusetts.
SYMPOSIUM NOTES
VS
For a well-planned and smoothly running Symposium thanks are due the Local Arrange-
ments Committee under the leadership of Lewis W. Hull. The Symposium was attended by
900 engineers and scientists from at home and abroad. They came from many different
affiliations including many universities. The fifty per cent increase in attendance over the
previous year speaks well for the growth and stature of our society and the calibre of the
technical program.
The 58 papers were written by 137 authors and co-authors from forty different domestic
and foreign corporations and institutions. One double session was held on each of the three
meeting days.
President A. John Gale opened the Symposium with an address of welcome. During the
technical presentations all of which took place at the Sheraton Hotel each author had the
floor for twenty-five minutes. Accurate timing made it possible for attendees to move
between the parallel sessions which were held in the Grand and the Pennsylvania Ball
Rooms. Authors and moderators gathered on their days for breakfast. Three luncheons
were served to approximately 500 people each. A program of interest to the ladies was under
the able leadership of Mrs. Lewis Hull. It included a tour of the historic sites within the
city as well as a trip by bus to Valley Forge.
Dr. Erwin W. Müller of Penn State University gave an interesting and well received
lecture at Thursday evening's Annual Banquet on the "Field Emission Microscope.'' It
was illustrated with startling slides and motion pictures on atomic and also sub-atomic
structures. Nearly five hundred members, wives and guests took part in this high light of
the Symposium.
The Annual Business Meeting was attended by several hundred members at which time
election of the following officers and Members of the Board for the new year took place.
Officers 1959-1960
Wilfrid G. Matheson—President
Benjamin B. Dayton*—President Elect
H. C. Weingartner—Clerk
G. W. Carr—Treasurer
Members of the Board—Committee Chairmen
Arthur Beach III—Publicity and Publications
John R. Bowman*—Education
Benjamin B. Dayton—Membership
Richard A. Den ton*—Nominations
C. Robert Meissner—Program
L. E. Preussf—Local Arrangements
D. J. Santeler—Standards and Nomenclature
M. W. Welch—Liaison: International
Organization for Vacuum
Science and Technology
* Indicates election in 1959 as required by constitution.
f Appointed by President.
SYMPOSIUM NOTES
VS
The 1960 Symposium is expected to be held in Cleveland, Ohio in October. All persons
interested in presenting papers should contact the Program Chairman, C. Robert Meissner,
Georgia Institute of Technology, Engineering Experiment Station, Atlanta 13, Georgia.
Abstracts of papers must be submitted in triplicate before June 15, 1960 and manuscripts
are due August 15, 1960. Only those manuscripts received before August 15 can be included in
the program. Many more proposals were submitted than could be accomodated on the 1959
program.
The Glossary of Terms has been completed under the able supervision of B. B. Dayton.
It is now available through Pergamon Press. Society members may obtain copies at reduced
rates.
The magazine Vacuum is now being published by Pergamon Press and subscription will
be at a reduced rate to Society members.
C. ROBERT MEISSNER
Program Chairman
Erwin W. Müller studied physics at the Technical University of
Berlin, Germany, where he received his PhD in 1936. After working
in industry until the end of the war, he went to the Kaiser-Wilhelm
Institut in Berlin, which is now one of the Max-Planck Institutes.
He also accepted a call as an extraordinary professor of physics at the
Free University of West Berlin. In 1951 he visited the United States
and came to the Pennsylvania State University, where he now holds
a position of research professor of physics. Professor Müller has
published more than 70 scientific papers. He received the C. F. Gauss
Medal, was named a Fellow of the American Physical Society, and
recently a Scientific Member at large of the Max-Planck Gesellschaft.
Most of his work is connected with the investigation of surfaces and
with field emission. He invented the field electron microscope, and
more recently the field ion microscope. With this most powerful of all
microscopes Professor Müller became the first man to see the atoms.
