Utilization of Dietary Carbohydrates and Lipids by Salmonids Sexually Sterilized with 17alpha

124 Pages·2017·3.98 MB·English

by  Bruce S. Ahern

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Open Access Master's Theses
1986
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Bruce S. Ahern
University of Rhode Island
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Ahern, Bruce S., "Utilization of Dietary Carbohydrates and Lipids by Salmonids Sexually Sterilized with
17alpha-Methyltestosterone" (1986). Open Access Master's Theses. Paper 938.
https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/theses/938
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UTILIZATION OF DIETARY CARBOHYDRATES
AND LIPIDS BY SALMDNIDS
SEXUALLY STERILIZED WITH 17alpha-METHYLTESTOSTERDNE
BY
BRUCE S. AHERN
A THESIS 3LJBMITTED IN PARTIAL FLJLLFILLMENT OF THE
REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF
MASTER OF SCIENCE
IN
FISHERIES AQUACULTURE AND PATHOLOGY
UNIVERSITY OF RHODE ISLAND
1986
MASTER OF SCIENCE THESIS
OF
BRUCE S. AHERN
Approved:
_,O ,
~ ~~~~
Thesis Committee
Major Professor · ~VJ I ___ _
~£
Dean of the Graduate School
UNIVERSITY OF RHODE ISLAND
1986
ABSTRACT
Two, twelve week feeding trials were conducted to
determine the performance of j uvenil e and yearl ing
rainbow trout CSalmo gairdner i) which were fed high-fat
or high-carbohydrate diets. In each feeding trial and
f or each diet group, 50% of the fish used had been
previously treated with 17a-methly-testosterone, given
orally at the onset of feeding. These were called
treated fish. Also, for each group, 50% were untreated
rainbow trout (control s), kept and fed under identical
conditions ~~ treated fish . All fish were held in 100%
flow-through systems and fed twice or three times daily.
Fe0d requirement was determined as a percent age of the
total fish weight for each tank, accordi ng to water
temperature .and average size of fish calculated at each
Thr ee replicates were used in the first
feeding tri al and two in the second. Growth measurements
Performance was determined
through teed c0nversion efficiency, 9Ctual weight yain,
actual length ~sin. relative weight gain and condition
f;;;.ctor Pla~ma glucose and ammonia levels, and visc2ral
Two diets were Formulated in t he first trial , one high
in lipid C24. 1%) with no carbohydrate added and the other
ii.
lower in lipid l15%) and high in sucrose C23. 8%) as a
digestible carbohydrate. In the second trial three diets
were formul at ed: one high in fat C24. 1% lipi d), one high
in sucrose (25.8%) and low in l ipi d (14.1%), and one high
in molasses C42. 0%) and low in lipid. All diets were
iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric. The ob jecti ve in these
studies was to determine if a correlation existed between
performance of treated or control rainbow t~out and diet
fed.
diet performed better than those fed the high-fat diet.
groups with respect to growth parameters, though not
signiFicantly so in a.i1. i., inst:::inces;. (-:, positive
In the
car-!::· Dl-i ·.,..cl.- d h?. ~,,our c: e) di et . a <:;uc n:.ise d .Let. and <~. hi qh--+ a.t
1
Fi sh in
qr:'·'-1,~r<:•.i. pt·~!'·fut-iT1t:?d bettt.-'!r 11.1hen ·fE?cj the tl-"JD cl1E~t.s; hic.ih 1n
di qestibl~ car·bahydrate. Molasses in the fi~h di et had
no ~dver·se ~fi2~t on growth and r esults indicated that
this sucrose SLurce might potentially be u5ed as a feed
.:<.d•_i J. I.: i ..-e f •::-_w f i ~:;Ii .. Treated fish fed the
1·1.t1Jh·· .. ·c:,::•t""bor1ycl1""· .. :.~t.;·,. dit."!ts in t he 3econd l 1···1al d1 d not
ci2monstr2te the superior performance whi ch w2s 8V1denced
.L n t h f= f l r •.:; t t. r "i. a. 1 ..
i.i i.
these feeding trials are discussed and possi bl e
implications for the aquaculture industry are put f orth.
iv.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would to express my gratitude and
li~e
appreciation to a number people who were instrument al in
completion of this thesi s. Foremost , I t hank my major
pr ofessor , Dr Lewi s T. Smith, f or his guidance in
developing this thesis project and his very helpful
assistance in following up on the research end of things,
through several dishearteni ng complicat ions. His
ki·iu:.,,JlF.::dge of qenF2r-al fi;;:.h cul turr::.•, genetics and
statistics proved invaluable to me in completi ng this
thesis while his good humor , philosophical insi ghts and
interesting story-telling kept morale high . I would a l so
like to thank Dr. Thomas L. Meade for hi s help in t he
formulation of fish diets and his advise on the
nu·.c 1r l• "\ ..1. Dna .·1. dspects of the r~search . I a.m
grateful to Dr. Meade for ser ving as a member of my
committee alonq with Dr . Richard Rhodes and Dr. Mur n
1
Dr . Rhodes and Dr. Nippo were very helpful with
their editorial corrections of the defense copy of the
thesis and their comments and suggest ions weighed heavily
in the completicn of the f i nal, r evised product. Dr.
Wol ke's training and assistance in diagnosing
and treating diseases of fish is appreciated and his good
sportsmanship and competeti veness at the T.T. t able
provided me with many afternoons of intelectual
stimulation and exercise away From the rigors of
~;tudyi ng. Dr Terance Bradley's insight was most helpful.
I am grateful for the work of Sheila Polofeky in
processing tissue needed for analysis in my study and
1
·fer· her· p<::1tiE:ncf? i.n t.r;,:·\:tninq a. '',.J.T.'' in histulo(]ic:al
t.ec:hil 1 qw.ee .. I appreciate the help of Foster Edgar, who
was always happy to lend a hand when one was needed.
Conrad'3 good spirits and willing assistance to all
t~ac:h1 ng can indeed go hand in hand. The moral support
Bernatonis~ Anita George, Karla Johanning, Dan Medina and
·rhe nu.1···+
I am than~ful for the suppor~ and understandinu of
my Family; Dad, Jane, Kelly, Maure~11, Kevin and Brian and
Mom 1n Fl~r1da 1 ~var the years.
Mast Gf 211 1 it was the support 1 understandinq and
encouragement of my wife Carlene and her belief in me,
which qave me the pe~serverdnce tw compl~t~ this theeis.
it i s t~ her that this thesi s iE dedicated.
v'l •
P-i!J ·::;tr· ac: t. i.].
\,/
Table of Contents
\/ l l
v' 1 i :i .
.1.1·1t.1'"DcJuc:t1 un J.
Feview ....
L1te~2tur2
I'"!"'· L. ;::;_. r· i. <:« l c:;, ::.<. r·, t:J i"'"! c t 1-·1 D ci ~=; • .. • .. • .. .. • .. .. • • • • .. • • • .. • • • • .. • • .. • • ..:: ..•. ·
1:;: ·-== s u l t: s • . " . " .. "
\/ 1 l. "
OF
~IST TABL,..E~
I. Dietary Ingredients-Trial #1 ··.· .:: -..·....:-:.,.
I I .. -··-·
I II ..
I 'v' .. Energ; Content of Diets CKcal/Kgl-Tr1al #2 .• ~. 1:::·
·-'~ .. I
'·. ./ .. -;·i--: E· r? +- i'.'. 1?:.~c: t c:i f t (' ec~ t. rnen t ~·\Ji th 1 ·7 .::·1. ·-.. Hif::.·t. h -~,... 1
on the dev0lopment of
testu~terone sex~~!
!" .. i:l 1. n b c:11r.; t.1··· CJU. t" .......... " ...... ·-·'/
\/I .. r/iE.:.~':tf'i ·-~ , ... C)i,"'J t.1···, p a.r··· i.4.ff1e·t F::!.-· ~:; ;:: C:Jr· t !:"" e~·=·l t E·d :::-.n d
~ontroi rainbow trout after feeding for
1~ w~e~s with high-fat and sucrose Jiet0
·i:f l " " .... " . " . " . ..',I ...! .
, i .•. T
·.,· .L .i. u
: ··, :~ ·~.1 r··1 :~.: i. .i (~ i .... ::; ·~-= 1.~: (j 1 E:• t '=3 i r- L :::-. J. ·r+ 1. .• .._:,·! ..· ·1t
•. JI 1-.. ·.·:.' ~:t i~. t::0. 1j -::.·. n j
__ ; ;
. .
l ',I_ ::;.jjJ:;;i. tJ i. ,.. ' .1.:,. ::)''.::.1.7::1 -~.(jd .I. ·::: •:::: i .... .·.·I. (I
T ::.~' :.::~· ,j ... ! . I ·d ..'\ : ::-~-·-·>- -i ·- r .;:.:•l l!... . \
-::. 1. ..l •.:. ,:J-::: ~ ~:·i I [ ._j -ii.'.i;', .-I·•:• i