utility-based non-cooperative power control game in wireless environment yousef ali mohammed ...

191 Pages·2017·2.63 MB·English

UTILITY-BASED NON-COOPERATIVE POWER
CONTROL GAME IN WIRELESS ENVIRONMENT

YOUSEF ALI MOHAMMED AL-GUMAEI

THESIS SUBMITTED IN FULFILMENT OF THE
REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF
PHILOSOPHY

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA
KUALA LUMPUR

2017
UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA
ORIGINAL LITERARY WORK DECLARATION

Name of Candidate: YOUSEF ALI MOHAMMED AL-GUMAEI
(I.C/Passport No: 04283083)
Registration/Matric No: KHA120038
Name of Degree: Doctor of Philosophy
Title of Project Paper/Research Report/Dissertation/Thesis (―Utility-based Non-
cooperative Power Control Game in Wireless Environment‖):

Field of Study: Wireless communication

I do solemnly and sincerely declare that:
(1) I am the sole author/writer of this Work;
(2) This Work is original;
(3) Any use of any work in which copyright exists was done by way of fair
dealing and for permitted purposes and any excerpt or extract from, or
reference to or reproduction of any copyright work has been disclosed
expressly and sufficiently and the title of the Work and its authorship have
been acknowledged in this Work;
(4) I do not have any actual knowledge nor do I ought reasonably to know that
the making of this work constitutes an infringement of any copyright work;
(5) I hereby assign all and every rights in the copyright to this Work to the
University of Malaya (―UM‖), who henceforth shall be owner of the
copyright in this Work and that any reproduction or use in any form or by any
means whatsoever is prohibited without the written consent of UM having
been first had and obtained;
(6) I am fully aware that if in the course of making this Work I have infringed
any copyright whether intentionally or otherwise, I may be subject to legal
action or any other action as may be determined by UM.

Candidate’s Signature Date:

Subscribed and solemnly declared before,

Witness’s Signature Date:

Name:
Designation:

ii
ABSTRACT
The spectrum resources, interference, and energy of battery-based devices are
predominant problems and challenges in modern wireless networks. This thesis
therefore addresses these issues by studying a theoretical framework for the design and
analysis of distributed power control algorithms for modern cognitive radio and
femtocell networks. It is shown that game theory tools are appropriate and efficient to
develop scalable, balanced and energy-efficient, distributed power control schemes to
be practically used in battery-based devices in wireless networks.
Practically, the problem of power control is modelled as a non-cooperative game in
which each user chooses its transmit power to maximize (or minimize) its own utility
(or cost). The utility is defined as the ratio of throughput to transmit power, which is
used to represent the energy efficiency scheme, whereas the cost is defined as the sum
of the sigmoid weighting of transmit power and the square of the signal-to-interference
ratio (SIR) error which is used to represent the SIR balancing scheme. Novel utility and
cost functions proposed in this work are the method to derive efficient distributed power
control algorithms. Also, the proposed pricing techniques in this thesis guide users to
the efficient Nash equilibrium point by encouraging them to use network resources
efficiently. These frameworks are more general and they are applied on cognitive and
femtocell networks due to the critical and important issue of interference.
Numerical simulations are used to prove the effectiveness of these algorithms
compared with other existing power control algorithms. The simulated analytical and
numerical results of this thesis indicate that the proposed algorithms can achieve a
significant reduction of the user’s transmit power and thus a mitigation of the overall
interference. Moreover, these algorithms have a relatively fast convergence rate and
guarantee that all users can achieve their required QoS.

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ABSTRAK
Sumber spektrum, gangguan, dan tenaga peranti yang berasaskan bateri adalah
masalah dan cabaran yang mendominasi rangkaian moden tanpa wayar. Oleh itu, tesis
ini menangani isu-isu ini dengan mengkaji rangka kerja teoritikal untuk merekabentuk
dan menganalisis algoritma agihan kawalan kuasa untuk rangkaian radio kognitif dan
femto sel moden. Ia menunjukkan bahawa alat-alat teori permainan yang sesuai dan
berkesan untuk membangunkan pengagihan skim kawalan kuasa boleh skala, seimbang,
cekap tenaga, yang praktikal untuk digunakan dalam peranti yang berasaskan bateri
dalam rangkaian tanpa wayar.
Secara praktik, masalah kawalan kuasa dimodelkan sebagai satu permainan yang
bukan koperatif di mana setiap pengguna memilih kuasa penghantar untuk
memaksimumkan (atau mengurangkan) utiliti sendiri (atau kos). Utiliti ditakrifkan
sebagai nisbah pemprosesan untuk menghantar kuasa, yang digunakan untuk mewakili
skim kecekapan tenaga, manakala kos ditakrifkan sebagai jumlah penghantaran
pemberat sigmoid kuasa dan isyarat kuasa dua kepada gangguan kesilapan (SIR) yang
digunakan untuk mewakili skim pengimbangan SIR.Satu utiliti dan kos fungsi yang
novel dicadangkan dalam kerja-kerja ini adalah merupakan satu kaedah untuk memandu
algoritma pengagihan kawalan kuasa diagihkan yang cekap. Selain itu, teknik harga
yang dicadangkan di dalam tesis ini membolehkan pengguna menuju ke titik
keseimbangan Nash yang cekap dengan menggalakkan mereka menggunakan sumber
rangkaian yang sangat cekap. Rangka kerja ini adalah lebih umum dan ia diaplikasikan
didalam rangkaian kognitif dan femto sel disebabkan oleh isu yang kritikal dan penting
di dalam gangguan.
Simulasi berangka digunakan untuk membolehkan keberkesanan algoritma ini
dibandingkan dengan algoritma kawalan kuasa lain yang sedia ada. Simulasi analisis
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dan keputusan berangka di dalam tesis ini menunjukkan bahawa algoritma yang
dicadangkan boleh mencapai pengurangan yang ketara dari segi penghantaran kuasa
oleh pengguna dan dengan itu meringankan gangguan keseluruhan. Selain itu, algoritma
ini mempunyai kadar penumpuan yang agak cepat dan dijamin bahawa semua pengguna
boleh mencapai QoS yang mereka diperlukan.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First of all, praise to ALLAH S.W.T, Most Gracious, Most Merciful, for giving me
the strength and courage to accomplish this thesis. It has been a tough ride all the way
till the end and I am very grateful to him for finally being able to complete it.
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my advisor Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kamarul
Ariffin Bin Noordin for the continuous support of my Ph.D study and related research,
for his patience, motivation, and immense knowledge. His guidance helped me in all the
time of research and writing of this thesis. I could not have imagined having a better
advisor and mentor for my Ph.D study.
Besides my advisor, I wish to express my appreciation to the other members of my
research Prof. Dr. Kaharudin Dimyati, and Dr. Ahmed Wasif Reza for enlightening me
the first glance of research. I would also like to acknowledge the financial support
received from University of Malaya Research Grants, and Ministry of higher Education
Science fund. Without such generosity, I would not have been able to fully concentrate
on my research. Also I thank my friends in the institution, and Lab technicians in the
department.
A special thanks to my family. Words cannot express how grateful I am my mother
and my father for all of the sacrifices that you’ve made on my behalf. Your prayer for
me was what sustained me thus far. I would also like to thank my brothers, sisters, and
all of my friends who supported me in writing, and incented me to strive towards my
goal. At the end I would like express appreciation to my beloved wife who spent
sleepless nights with and was always my support in the moments when there was no one
to answer my queries.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE i
ORIGINAL LITERARY WORK DECLARATION ii
Abstract iii
Abstrak iv
Acknowledgements vi
Table of Contents vii
List of Figures xi
List of Tables xv
List of Symbols and Abbreviations xvi

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Objective of study 4
1.3 Research methodology 5
1.4 Thesis Organization 7

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 10
2.1 Non-cooperative game theory – fundamentals and concepts 11
2.1.1 Non-cooperative game theory 12
2.1.2 Auction Games (Economic games) 18
2.2 Cognitive Radio Networks 22
2.3 Review of power control fundamentals 26
2.3.1 Power control in voice cellular networks 30
2.3.2 Power control in wireless data networks 35
vii
2.3.2.1 Utility function concepts 39
2.3.2.2 Power control game based on utility function 45
2.3.2.3 Power control game based on cost function 46
2.2.3 Power control game in modern wireless networks 48
2.2.3.1 Power control game in cognitive radio networks 50
2.2.3.2 Power control game in femtocell networks 53

CHAPTER 3: A NEW SIR-BASED SIGMOID POWER CONTROL IN 57
COGNITIVE RADIO NETWORK: A NON-COOPERATIVE GAME
APPROACH
3.1 Introduction 57
3.2 System model 60
3.2.1 Motivating Example 64
3.3 Power control based on game model 65
3.3.1 Cost function and Nash equilibrium derivation 66
3.3.2 Power control algorithm 71
3.3.3 Convergence 72
3.3.4 Existence of Nash equilibrium 74
3.4 Numerical results and discussion 75
3.4.1 Effect of channel status to the next step of power 77
3.4.2 Fully-loaded power and SIR 78
3.4.3 Impact of noise 84
3.5 Accelerating of a sigmoid power control game algorithm using Newton 85
Iteration
3.5.1 Fixed-point algorithm for power updates 86
3.5.2 Accelerated algorithm using Newton iterations 87
viii
3.5.3 Numerical results 88
3.5 Conclusion 92

CHAPTER 4: A NOVEL UTILITY FUNCTION FOR ENERGY- 94
EFFICIENT NON-COOPERATIVE POWER CONTROL GAME IN
COGNITIVE RADIO NETWORKS
4.1 Introduction 94
4.2 System model 96
4.2.1 Non-cooperative power control game with pricing 98
4.2.2 Proposed game model 103
4.2.3 Existence of Nash equilibrium 113
4.2.4 EF-NPGP algorithm 115
4.3 Numerical results and discussions 117
4.4 Conclusion 126

CHAPTER 5: A GAME THEORY APPROACH FOR EFFICIENT 128
POWER CONTROL AND INTERFERENCE MANAGEMENT IN TWO-
TIER FEMTOCELL NETWORKS BASED ON LOCAL GAIN
5.1 Introduction 128
5.2 System model 133
5.3 Distributed power control algorithm 137
5.3.1 Macrocell users cost function 137
5.3.2 Femtocell users cost function 139
5.3.3 Convergence 143
5.4 Simulation results 145
5.5 Conclusion 155
ix
CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION, AND FUTURE WORKS 156
6.1 Conclusion 156
6.2 Future research 158

REFERENCES 160
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS AND PAPERS PRESENTED 171

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