Utilisation and Reliability of High Power Proton Accelerators

459 Pages·2008·11.37 MB·English

Nuclear Science
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ISBN 978-92-64-04478-4 N U C L E A R • E N E R G Y • A G E N C Y

Nuclear Science
Utilisation and Reliability
of High Power Proton
Accelerators (HPPA5)
Workshop Proceedings
Mol, Belgium
6-9 May 2007
© OECD 2008
NEA No. 6259
NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY
ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT
ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT
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member countries.

NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY
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© OECD 2008
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Cover credits: SCK(cid:2)CEN, Belgium; Institut für Angewandte Physik (IAP) of Frankfurt University and ACCEL Instruments
GmbH, Germany; Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA.
FOREWORD
The accelerator-driven system (ADS) has been receiving considerable interest due to its possible
use in radioactive waste transmutation. The performance of such hybrid systems largely depends on
the reliability of the high power proton accelerators (HPPA), as well as the integration of the spallation
targets and subcritical systems.
Since 1998, the OECD/NEA Nuclear Science Committee has been organising workshops on the
Utilisation and Reliability of High Power Proton Accelerators to discuss technical issues, to provide
state-of-the-art reports and to identify any specific needs for developing ADS. Previous workshops
were held in Mito (Japan, 1998), in Cadarache (France, 1999), in Santa Fe, NM (USA, 2002) and in
Daejon (Korea, 2004). The fifth workshop was held in Mol, Belgium on 6-9 May 2007 and organised
in co-operation with the SCK(cid:2)CEN.
A total of 41 papers were presented. The workshop included a special session on the MEGAPIE
programme and five technical sessions: accelerator programmes and applications; accelerator
reliability; spallation target development and coolant technology; subcritical system design and ADS
simulations; and finally, ADS experiments and test facilities.
These proceedings include all the papers presented at the fifth workshop. The opinions expressed
are those of the authors only and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NEA or its member
countries.
Acknowledgements
The OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) gratefully acknowledges the SCK(cid:2)CEN for hosting
the 5th Workshop on Utilisation and Reliability of High Power Proton Accelerators.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Foreword ............................................................................................................................................ 3
Executive summary ............................................................................................................................ 9
Opening ............................................................................................................................................. 17
Chairs: P. D’hondt, A. Mueller
F. Groeschel, S. Dementjev, H. Heyck,
W. Leung, K. Thomson, W. Wagner, L. Zanini
MEGAPIE – Irradiation Experience of the First Megawatt Liquid Metal
Spallation Target ............................................................................................................ 19
MEGAPIE Programme .................................................................................................................... 27
Chairs: J. Knebel, F. Groeschel
L. Podofillini, V.N. Dang
Safety Evaluation of the MEGAPIE Experimental Facility: Results
and Insights from the Application of Probabilistic Safety Assessment ......................... 29
K. Thomsen, P.A. Schmelzbach
A Dedicated Beam Interrupt System for the Safe Operation of the
MEGAPIE Liquid Metal Target .................................................................................... 41
M. Dierckx
The Role of SCK(cid:2)CEN in the MEGAPIE Project ......................................................... 51
Session I ACCELERATOR PROGRAMMES AND APPLICATIONS ................................. 57
Chairs: H. Klein, P. Pierini
J-L. Biarrotte
Status of the EUROTRANS R&D Activities for ADS Accelerator
Development .................................................................................................................. 59
S. Barbanotti, N. Panzeri, P. Pierini, J-L. Biarrotte,
S. Bousson, E. Rampnoux, H. Saugnac
Design of a Test Cryomodule for the High-energy Section of the
EUROTRANS Linac ..................................................................................................... 69
Y.S. Cho, J.Y. Kim, B.Y. Choi
Proton Engineering Frontier Project .............................................................................. 81
A. Ponton, J-L. Biarrotte, S. Bousson, C. Joly, N. Gandolfo,
J. Lesrel, L. Lukovac, F. Lutton, A.C. Mueller, G. Olry, E. Rampnoux
Development of Superconducting Spoke Cavities for an ADS Linac ........................... 93
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N. Panzeri, S. Barbanotti, A. Bosotti, P. Pierini
Status of the Preparation of the Elliptical Cavity System for the
EUROTRANS Cryomodule ........................................................................................... 103
H. Podlech, A. Bechtold, M. Busch, G. Clemente, H. Klein,
H. Liebermann, R. Tiede, U. Ratzinger, C. Zhang
Development of Room Temperature and Superconducting CH Structures
for High-power Applications ......................................................................................... 115
P.A. Schmelzbach
Upgrade of the PSI Proton Accelerator Facility to 1.8 MW .......................................... 125
D. Schumann, J. Neuhausen
ERAWAST – A New Production Route for Exotic Long-lived Radionuclides ............ 135
M. Tanigaki, Y. Mori, T. Uesugi, K. Okabe,
M. Aiba, Y. Ishi, K. Mishima, S. Shiroya, M. Inoue
150-MeV FFAG Accelerator Complex as a Neutron Production Driver
for ADS Study................................................................................................................ 141
V.G. Vaccaro, S. Albanese, A. Andreone, E. Di Gennaro,
M.R. Masullo, M. Panniello
Hybrid PBG Structure: A Challenging Cavity System for High-power,
High-intensity Accelerators ........................................................................................... 149
Session II ACCELERATOR RELIABILITY ............................................................................. 159
Chairs: B.H. Choi and J-L. Biarrotte
J. Galambos, S. Henderson, A. Shishlo, Y. Zhang
Operational Experience of a Superconducting Cavity Fault Recovery
System at the Spallation Neutron Source ....................................................................... 161
P. Pierini, L. Burgazzi
Reliability Studies for a Superconducting Driver for an ADS Linac ............................. 171
H. Takei, K. Tsujimoto, N. Ouchi, H. Oigawa,
M. Mizumoto, K. Furukawa, Y. Ogawa, Y. Yano
Comparison of Beam Trip Frequencies Between Estimation from
Current Experimental Data of Accelerators and Requirement from
ADS Transient Analyses ................................................................................................ 181
V.G. Vaccaro, A. D’Elia, C. Serpico, M. Fraldi, L. Nunziante
Cavity Detuning Due to Power Dissipation: A New Numerical Approach
Combining the Thermo-mechanical and the E-M Codes ............................................... 195
Session III SPALLATION TARGET DEVELOPMENT AND
COOLANT TECHNOLOGY ..................................................................................... 203
Chairs: H. Oigawa, Y. Gohar
J. Heyse, H. Aït Abderrahim, T. Aoust, M. Dierckx, K. Rosseel,
P. Schuurmans, K. Van Tichelen, A. Guertin, J-M. Buhour,
A. Cadiou, M. Abs, B. Nactergal, D. Vandeplassche
WEBEXPIR: Windowless Target Electron Beam Experimental Irradiation ................. 205
S. Heusdains
RELAP Model of the MYRRHA draft 2 Spallation Loop ............................................. 213
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J. Neuhausen, F. von Rohr, S. Horn, S. Lüthi, D. Schumann
Polonium Behaviour in Eutectic Lead-bismuth Alloy ................................................... 227
V. Sobolev
A Brief Review of Thermodynamic Properties and Equation of State
of Heavy Liquid Metals ................................................................................................. 233
P. Schuurmans, A. Guertin, J.M. Buhour, A. Cadiou, M. Dierckx,
J. Heyse, K. Rosseel, K. Van Tichelen, R. Stieglitz, D. Coors,
L. Mansani, F. Roelofs, H. Aït Abderrahim
Design and R&D Support of the XT-ADS Spallation Target ........................................ 245
K. Abe, T. Iwasaki, S. Gunji, C-H. Pyeon,
H. Shiga, M. Aiba, H. Yashima, T. Sanai
Study of Measurement Method of High-energy Neutrons for ADS .............................. 253
Th. Aoust, J. Wagemans, J. Cugnon, A. Boudard, S. Leray, Y. Yariv
Application of the INCL+ABLA Reaction Model to the Study of the
Evolution of Spallation Targets ..................................................................................... 261
A. Herrera-Martínez, Y. Kadi, M. Ashrafi-Nik,
K. Samec, J. Freibergs, E. Platacis
Engineering Design of the EURISOL Multi-MW Spallation Target ............................. 271
D. Ridikas, A. Barzakh, V. Blideanu, J-C. David,
D. Doré, X. Ledoux, F. Moroz, V. Panteleev, A. Plukis,
R. Plukiene, A. Prévost, O. Shcherbakov, A. Vorobyev
Delayed Neutron Yields and Time Spectra from 1-GeV Protons
Interacting with natFe, natPb and 209Bi Targets ................................................................ 283
Session IV SUBCRITICAL SYSTEM DESIGN AND ADS SIMULATIONS .......................... 293
Chairs: P. Baeten, S. Monti
P. Richard, G. Rimpault, J.F. Pignatel, B. Giraud, M. Schikorr, R. Stainsby
Pre-conceptual Design of a Helium-cooled ADS: He-EFIT .......................................... 295
C. Artioli
A-BAQUS, a Multi-entry Graph Assisting the Neutronic Design
of an ADS. Case Study: EFIT ........................................................................................ 309
D. Naberezhnev, Y. Gohar, H. Belch, J. Duo, I. Bolshinsky
Comparative Analysis of Neutron Sources Produced by Low-energy
Electrons and Deuterons for Driving Subcritical Assemblies ........................................ 321
M. Suzuki, T. Iwasaki, T. Sato
Improvement of Dynamics Calculation Code DSE for
Accelerator-driven System ............................................................................................. 337
A. Khalid Rivai, M. Takahashi
Corrosion Resistance of Refractory Metals and Ceramics in
Lead-bismuth at 700(cid:3)C .................................................................................................. 347
G. Van den Eynde, V. Sobolev, E. Malambu, D. Maes, D. Lamberts,
H. Aït Abderrahim, L. Mansani, B. Giraud, A. Hogenbirk, P. Vaz,
Y. Romanets, M.C. Vincente, P. Coddington, K. Mikityuk, D. Struwe,
M. Schikorr, G. Rimpault, C. Artioli
Neutronic Design of the XT-ADS Core with In-pile Sections ...................................... 357
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P. Xia, Y. Shi, Z. Zhao, Y. Li, Q. Zhu, J. Li,
W. Zhang, J. Cao, Y. Quan, H. Luo, X. Wu
The Evaluation of Preliminary Extrapolation Experimental Results
of the Chinese ADS Subcritical Experimental Assembly VENUS-1 ............................ 367
Session V ADS EXPERIMENTS AND TEST FACILITIES .................................................... 375
Chairs: H. Aït Abderrahim, M. Tanigaki
P. Baeten, H. Aït Abderrahim, G. Vittiglio,
F. Vermeersch, G. Bergmans, B. Verboomen, D. Maes
The GUINEVERE Project at the VENUS Facility ........................................................ 377
H. Oigawa, K. Nishihara, T. Sasa, K. Tsujimoto, T. Sugawara,
K. Iwanaga, K. Kikuchi, Y. Kurata, H. Takei, S. Saito, D. Hamaguchi,
H. Obayashi, Y. Tazawa, M. Tezuka, N. Ouchi
Research and Development Programme on ADS in JAEA ........................................... 387
J.M. De Conto, S. Albrand, M. Baylac, J.L. Belmont, A. Billebaud,
J. Bouvier, A. Fontenille, E. Froidefond, M. Fruneau, A. Garrigue,
M. Guisset, D. Marchand, R. Micoud, J.C. Ravel, C. Vescovi
The GENEPI Neutron Sources at Grenoble: Prospectives for the
GUINEVERE Programme ............................................................................................. 401
M. Carta, G.R. Imel, C.C. Jammes, S. Monti, R. Rosa
Reactivity Measurements in Subcritical Core: RACE-T Experimental Activities ........ 413
E.J. Pitcher
The Materials Test Station: A Fast Spectrum Irradiation Facility ................................. 427
C.H. Pyeon, T. Misawa, H. Unesaki, K. Mishima, S. Shiroya
Benchmark Experiments of Accelerator-driven Systems (ADS) in
Kyoto University Critical Assembly (KUCA) ............................................................... 435
Workshop conclusions........................................................................................................................ 445
List of participants .............................................................................................................................. 447
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