using unmanned aerial systems (uas) and photogrammetry to remotely assess landslide events in

365 Pages·2017·21.45 MB·English

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Theses and Dissertations--Civil Engineering Civil Engineering
2016
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Jordan T. Keeney
University of Kentucky, [email protected]
Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org/10.13023/ETD.2016.442
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Keeney, Jordan T., "USING UNMANNED AERIAL SYSTEMS (UAS) AND PHOTOGRAMMETRY TO REMOTELY
ASSESS LANDSLIDE EVENTS IN NEAR REAL-TIME" (2016). Theses and Dissertations--Civil Engineering.
49.
https://uknowledge.uky.edu/ce_etds/49
This Master's Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Civil Engineering at UKnowledge. It has been
accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations--Civil Engineering by an authorized administrator of
UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected].
SSTTUUDDEENNTT AAGGRREEEEMMEENNTT::
I represent that my thesis or dissertation and abstract are my original work. Proper attribution
has been given to all outside sources. I understand that I am solely responsible for obtaining
any needed copyright permissions. I have obtained needed written permission statement(s)
from the owner(s) of each third-party copyrighted matter to be included in my work, allowing
electronic distribution (if such use is not permitted by the fair use doctrine) which will be
submitted to UKnowledge as Additional File.
I hereby grant to The University of Kentucky and its agents the irrevocable, non-exclusive, and
royalty-free license to archive and make accessible my work in whole or in part in all forms of
media, now or hereafter known. I agree that the document mentioned above may be made
available immediately for worldwide access unless an embargo applies.
I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of my work. I also retain the right to use in
future works (such as articles or books) all or part of my work. I understand that I am free to
register the copyright to my work.
RREEVVIIEEWW,, AAPPPPRROOVVAALL AANNDD AACCCCEEPPTTAANNCCEE
The document mentioned above has been reviewed and accepted by the student’s advisor, on
behalf of the advisory committee, and by the Director of Graduate Studies (DGS), on behalf of
the program; we verify that this is the final, approved version of the student’s thesis including all
changes required by the advisory committee. The undersigned agree to abide by the statements
above.
Jordan T. Keeney, Student
Dr. L. Sebastian Bryson, Major Professor
Dr. Y. T. (Ed) Wang, Director of Graduate Studies
University of Kentucky
UKnowledge
Theses and Dissertations--Civil Engineering Civil Engineering
2016
USING UNMANNED AERIAL SYSTEMS
(UAS) AND PHOTOGRAMMETRY TO
REMOTELY ASSESS LANDSLIDE EVENTS IN
NEAR REAL-TIME
Jordan T. Keeney
This Master's Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Civil Engineering at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses
and Dissertations--Civil Engineering by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please [email protected].
STUDENT AGREEMENT:
I represent that my thesis or dissertation and abstract are my original work. Proper attribution has been
given to all outside sources. I understand that I am solely responsible for obtaining any needed copyright
permissions. I have obtained needed written permission statement(s) from the owner(s) of each third-
party copyrighted matter to be included in my work, allowing electronic distribution (if such use is not
permitted by the fair use doctrine) which will be submitted to UKnowledge as Additional File.
I hereby grant to The University of Kentucky and its agents the irrevocable, non-exclusive, and royalty-
free license to archive and make accessible my work in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or
hereafter known. I agree that the document mentioned above may be made available immediately for
worldwide access unless an embargo applies.
I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of my work. I also retain the right to use in future
works (such as articles or books) all or part of my work. I understand that I am free to register the
copyright to my work.
REVIEW, APPROVAL AND ACCEPTANCE
The document mentioned above has been reviewed and accepted by the student’s advisor, on behalf of
the advisory committee, and by the Director of Graduate Studies (DGS), on behalf of the program; we
verify that this is the final, approved version of the student’s thesis including all changes required by the
advisory committee. The undersigned agree to abide by the statements above.
Jordan T. Keeney, Student
Dr. L. Sebastian Bryson, Major Professor
Dr. Y. T. (Ed) Wang, Director of Graduate Studies
USING UNMANNED AERIAL SYSTEMS (UAS) AND PHOTOGRAMMETRY
TO REMOTELY ASSESS LANDSLIDE EVENTS IN NEAR REAL-TIME
THESIS
A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree of Master of Science in
Civil Engineering in the College of Engineering at the
University of Kentucky
By
Jordan Trent Keeney
Lexington, Kentucky
Director: Dr. L. Sebastian Bryson, Professor of Civil Engineering
Lexington, Kentucky
2016
Copyright © Jordan Trent Keeney 2016
ABSTRACT OF THESIS
USING UNMANNED AERIAL SYSTEMS AND PHOTOGRAMMETRY TO
REMOTELY ASSESS LANDSLIDE EVENTS IN NEAR REAL-TIME
Commercially available unmanned aerial systems (UAS) and photogrammetry software
have undergone rapid advancements in recent years. However, the use of UAS and
photogrammetry techniques for monitoring surface landform deformation has not been
adopted for the most part due to complicated workflows and complex UAS systems. This
study demonstrates the ability to monitor landslides in near-real time with commercially
available UAS and photogrammetry software using direct georeferencing and co-
registration techniques. The results of this research were then assessed to develop an
optimal workflow for the rapid assessment of surface deformations with direct
georeferenced UAS obtained imagery and photogrammetry software.
KEYWORDS: UAS, Direct Georeferencing, Landslide Monitoring, Photogrammetry,
DJI Phantom, Pix4D
Jordan T. Keeney
Date
USING UNMANNED AERIAL SYSTEMS AND PHOTOGRAMMETRY TO
REMOTELY ASSESS LANDSLIDE EVENTS IN NEAR REAL-TIME
By
Jordan Trent Keeney
Dr. L. Sebastian Bryson
Director of Thesis
Dr. Y. T. (Ed) Wang
Director of Graduate Studies
(Date)
Dedication
I dedicate this thesis to my best friend, mom, and angel above, Barbara Keeney.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First, I would like to thank my mother who was an inspiration and role model for me until
her very last breath. She taught me to pursue my dreams but constantly reminded me that
family and friends are ultimately the most important thing in life. Although she never went
to college, she worked hard to provide me and my siblings with anything and everything
we could ever want or need. Her courage and bravery to endure even the most agonizing
days so that she could spend time with her loved ones still continues to amaze me. Her
strength, compassion, and personality will continue to live on through me for the rest of
my life.
I would like to thank my fiancé, Allie Randall, for supporting and believing in me
throughout my collegiate career and pushing me to be the best version of myself. Allie
encouraged me to continue on even in my darkest days and continues to believe in my wild
and crazy aspirations, I truly would not be here without her.
I would like the thank the faculty and staff in the Civil Engineering Department at the
University of Kentucky for answering my many questions and lending their ear for my
many thoughts and ideals. I would like to specifically thank Professor Samantha Wright
for her commitment to me, as her teacher’s assistant, and the rest of her students. Professor
Wright’s commitment to helping develop the next generation of civil engineers is
unparalleled and I am privileged to have been able to assist her.
I would like to thank my advisor, Dr. Sebastian Bryson, for challenging me throughout my
time at the University of Kentucky. Over the past two years of my life he has pushed me
to become the best engineer that I can be. He has served as a mentor, confidant, and friend
throughout my graduate studies. He has been there for me during the best of times, and the
worst of times and has blessed me with his expertise in engineering and in life. He will
always be a role model to me and I cannot wait to see the advancements in civil engineering
that he produces throughout his career. Last but not least, I would also like to thank the
other members of my committee, Dr. Michael Kalinski and Dr. Reginald Souleyrette, for
their willingness to advise and vet my work.
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................. iii
List of Tables ...................................................................................................................... vii
List of Figures .................................................................................................................... viii
1 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 Synopsis of the Problem ..................................................................................... 1
1.2 Proposed Concepts .............................................................................................. 2
1.3 Objectives of the Research.................................................................................. 3
1.4 Relevance of the Research .................................................................................. 4
1.5 Content of the Thesis .......................................................................................... 5
2 Technical Review........................................................................................................ 6
2.1 UAS Based Photogrammetric Modeling ............................................................ 6
2.1.1 UAS Technology and Advancements ......................................................... 7
2.1.2 UAS Platforms ............................................................................................ 7
2.1.3 Photogrammetry Software Packages ........................................................ 10
2.2 Georeferencing.................................................................................................. 15
2.2.1 Indirect Georeferencing ............................................................................ 17
2.2.2 Direct Georeferencing............................................................................... 19
2.3 Co-registration of Photogrammetric Datasets................................................... 25
2.4 Previous Attempts to Quantify Landslide Dynamics with Photogrammetry.... 29
2.4.1 Manual Surface Tracking.......................................................................... 29
2.4.2 Automated Surface Tracking .................................................................... 33
2.5 Technical Review Synopsis .............................................................................. 35
3 Controlled Experimentation: Public Amphitheater .................................................. 39
3.1 Site Description, Instrumentation, and Equipment ........................................... 39
3.1.1 Site Description......................................................................................... 39
3.1.2 Surveying Equipment................................................................................ 41
3.1.3 Ground Control Points .............................................................................. 43
3.1.4 Simulated Displacements – Wooden Blocks ............................................ 44
3.1.5 UAS Platform............................................................................................ 45
3.1.6 Flight Planning Equipment ....................................................................... 46
3.1.7 Processing Computer and Software .......................................................... 47
iv