Using SPSS for Windows and Macintosh: Analyzing and Understanding Data (4th Edition)

474 Pages·2004·30.75 MB·English

by  Samuel B. Green

UsiSnPgS fSor W idnows
FOURTH
andM actionhs
EDITNI O
Analyiznagnd U ndersdtianDnga ta
SamuBe.lG reen
AriSztoaUntnaei versity
NeiJl.S alkind
UnivoeKfra snistya s
PEARSON
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Prentice
Hall
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LibraoryfC ongrCeastsa loging-Diant-aP ublication
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GreenN,e i1l.S alkind.e-d4.r d
p.c m.
Inclubdiebsl iographicala nrdie nfdeerxe.n ces
ISBN0 -13-146597-X
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ISBN 0-13-146597-X
Contents
Precfea xi
PARIT I NTRODSUPCSISN 1G
Unit1 GettnigS tratde witShPS S 1
Leosn1s StratnigS SPS 2
Lseso2 nT hSeSP SM aniM eunsa nTdoo bLar5
Lseso3 n UisnSgSP SH epL 13
Lseso4 nA B ireSfSP S uTro 18
Unit2 Creaitnga ndW oriknwgi thD ataF lies 23
Lseso5 n DfieninVgari aebsL 24
Lses6o n Etneirnagn Edd iintDgta a 30
Lseso7 nI ntsienargn Ddee iLtnCga saensVd ari aebsL 36
Lesns o8S eeLtcinCgpo,yn igC,ut ntiga,n Pda insgtD taa 40
Leosn9s Pirtninagn Edx nigtai nS SPSD taaFl ie 45
Leosn1s 0 Epxotnriga nIdm ptnoigrS SPSD taa 48
Unit Workign wiht Data
3 53
Leosn1s 1 FniidngV aLueVsrai,ae bsaL,n Cda se5s4
Leosn1s 2 RecnogDd taiaa nCdmo ptunigV aLues58
Lesso1n3 SotnrigT,ar snpiogns, Rananikdn Dga ta6 4
Lseso14n S Lpintgat dinM egrnigF ile6s8
vii
Unit4 A Worknigw ithS PSSC hatrsa ndO utpuftor W indwos 73
Leosn1s 5ACe raintga nS SPSC hta r74
Lseso16nA E nhiannSgcSP SC htasr 80
Leosn1s 7AU snigt hVei erw e91
Unit4 8 Worknigwi thS PSSC hartsa ndO utpuftor M adnotsh 95
Leosn1s 5BC raetniga nS SPSC hta r96
Lesso1n6 BE nahnicngS SCS hPtasr 102
Lsesno1 7BU snigt hVeei wer1 10
PARITIW ORKIWNIGTS HP SPSR OCEDU1RE14S
Unit5 CeraitngV airaebsla ndC omputnigD ecsrpitive
Stasttciis 114
Lseso18n CeraintgV ariaebsl 116
Lesso1n9 UinavirtaeD esipctvrieS tsaittcifsroQ ultaiative
Vraiaebsl 129
Lseso20n UinavirtaeD esipctvrieS tisatctisfr oQ uaiantttive
Vraialbes1 38
Unit6 TestP orceduers 154
t
Lsesno2 1 On-eSmapel Tset 155
t
Lseso22n Pardie-mSpaelsT est1 61
t
Leosn2s 3 Indepte-nmSdpaeelsnT est1 67
t
Unit7 Uniavirtaea ndM ultivaatrei
Anlaysso-if-ViaarneT cechniqsu e 175
Leosn2s 4 Oen-aWyA nlyasoifVs ar iaen c176
Lseso25n T woW-aAyn lasysio fV arei a1n8c5
Leosn2s 6 On-eWayA nyasloifCs o rviaea n2c07
Lseso27n On-eaWyM utvliraiaAtneya ssloi fV ariea n2c18
Lsesno2 8 Oen-aWyR epeeda-tMeesaA snyuassrloi fV raiaen c228
Lesso2n9 TwoW-aRye ptee-adMaseuersA nyasLoifVs ar iaen c238
viiiC o
ntnet s
Unit8 Corrleatni,Ro egersisona,n dD isicmriannAt naylssi
Proecduers 253
Lseso30n PaesroPnor dtuM-comteC nrorleaitoCno eiffiecn2t5 4
Lseso31n PatiraClro rleaitons26 3
Lses3o2n BiivtaaeLrn ieaRerreg sison2 73
Lseso33n MutplielL nieaRgerer sison2 83
Leosn3s 4 DiismcniratAn nyasli2s9 8
Unit9 ScailnPgr oecduers 311
Leosn3s 5 FcatrAo nyassli 312
Lseso36n I tnearClno ntsneiycEs tsmiatesR leiobafi lit3y2 5
Leosn3s 7 Itme AnyasslUi snigt hReei blailiPtoryec deu r335
Unit1 0N opnaarmetcrP iroecduers 349
Lsesno3 8 Bimniola Te3s5t0
Lseso39n On-eSmapelC h-iSqeuT aerst3 57
Leosn4s 0 TwoW-aCyo ingnteynT cbaelA nyasslUi isnCgor stsbas 366
Lseso41n T wIon depte-nmSdplaeesTn setT:h Mean nW-hityn e
Test3 77
U
Lseso42n Inedpdeenntm-peSlsTas et:Ts he kKarlul-isWsa l
K
antdh Mee idaTne st3s8 3
Leosn4s 3 TwRole aetda-mSepsls Tt:Tes hMec Ne,tm haSergi n,
antdh Weil conTx eost3s9 5
Lses4o4n Rleaet-dSmapelsTs et:Ts hFeir edman
K
antdh Ceco harnT est4s0 6
AppeinxdA Dataf oCr rabS claea ndTe caheSrca le 415
AppedniBx Methodfso Cr ontrolilnTgy peI E rror
acrossM utlpiel HyptohessiT ests 417
AppeinxdC Selcetde Answerst oL essEoxne rsceis 420
Refreences 446
Index 447
Cnotnetsi x

Preface
hed eveloopfem aesnyt- tsot-autsisesot fitclwaialSkr PeeS hSa csh antgheweda ys tatistics
T
ibse itnagu agnhldte arneNdo. lodnosg teurd enttols e harna as vyes toefem l abocroadtee
toc ondsuicmtpo lrce o mpalneaxsl eyIsn.s tsetuadde,sn itmspe lnyt er tihnetioer a asdnya -ttao ­
usdea etdai Tthoercy.a tnh esne lietcetfrm osma p ull-dowtnom amkaeepn pur optrriaantsef or­
matioofnv sa rbilaecsl,io cpkt ifroonmsa notmheenrtu o c reagtrea pohfds i stribouft ions
varbil,aes selaemcotn g vsatraitoiausnsta ilbcyyasl ec sl oinca kpipnrgo porpiitoanatsnem,d o re.
Witahm inailam mouonftt i maene dff otrhtoe,u tipdsui ts plsahyoewdti,hnr ege lstus.
Researcahlehsraosv b ee nefiftreoadmp pliclaitSkiePSo SnT.sh edyon ohta vteos pend
timree acqutahientmiswneiglt vthehi esn asn odu tofss taa tissotftiwcpaaarlce k oarlg eearn ing
nepwr ogrfaocmros n duacntailntgyh staeatskh eo utroms a stTehrea.yl dsoon h'atvt eot each
assishtoawtn owt rsic toedt eop rodauncael yosree xsa,m ainnrdee exacmoidtnehe ha atps r o­
duceerdr moers satghedaston orte ailnldyi wchaatitesw ronEgv.e rycoanjneu psoti anntd
cliMcokr.e sophuissectraisunc s athete se ydn fteaaxts u.r e
In general,l ipSkrPeoS ghSra avmmeas dl ei efaes fioesrrt udwehnot slar eearni nsgt saittcis,
fotre acwhheor star eea cshtiantgi asnftdoi rrce ss,e arwchhoae rareps p lsytiianstgst N.ie cver­
thleesmasn,uy s eorfths e sper ogrfianm"dsd oisntga tiasnart diucosuu"ns e,n jotyaasTbkhl.ee y
stairlel fwaictmehad n y pootbescntltaeaisnat,dlh ey feel aorvsietdrr wehrseasltemthdehe dar n
challaennedgx ecdia tbeotduh tpe o tefnotmria aslt etrhieinsmgep orstkilalsn.t
Whaatr seo moeft hoeb statchslatetus d ienpn atrst,i fcaucwleha ertn,h eayrt er ytiocn ogn ­
ducstt atiasntailcwyaisltSe hPsS S?
• Obsta1Ac:ll teh oSuPgSihSes a styou smea,n syt udaennfidtr ss t-utsiefmrmdesi t
vercyo mplTehxehy.a vteol e ahronwt oin pduatti ant thoDe a tEad itsoarva,en d
retrdiaetmvaake,e t ransfoontrsmod a attciao,n dauncastle ymsa,n ipulate output,
cregartpaeh esd,gi rta phss,oo na.n d
• Obst2a:Sc tleu dceanfnte she ell spsAl.le thotuhgechyap no ianntcd l itchkea,yr e
frequecnotnlfyr wointthe ddn ieawl boogxuweeis tm ha ndye cistioo nmTsah keei.r
instrduocentsooh tra vteht ei mteot alk eaabcoohfthu eto ptisoosn tsu,d feenetls
asi tfh earyem akingu ninfodrcemiensdsi o.
• Obst3a:Tc hlaeem ounotu toapfnu ntdu mbperrosd ubcyae ndsy t atipsrtoiccea­l
duriees n outgoch o wmeors rte searitcfhh eeyrf soa rrtceoee dx pltahiemnie ra n­
in.Hg owc asnt udwehnoat rste ak isntga tfiostrth fiierc sst fteiemle confident
aboiuntt erporuetptfuirtno agmnS PSpSr oceIdnut rreyt?iou n ngd erosuttapnudt ,
thearyel ikteofl aycl ea ngupargoeb lFeomersx .a mp"lWeh,iaa tsS iFg?.I istt h e
samaest hpe v altuhetah tei nstriutsca tlokarib noguN toi?,t c'obtue lo,drs n hoer
hew ouhladv teo ulsd".
xi
Researcghreardssu,ta utdeae nnmdto sr,aed vanucnedde rgrsatduudaaetrngeeto sit nofg a ce
additoibosntaalc les.
• Obstaclec a4tn:h ioUnfaskn e urmsbo efdr i ffewraeynttsoa naltyhzedeia rtb au,t
theyu nasruaerb eow uhti wcahwy ouylide tlhmdeo sutn derstoaftn hderiienr­g
sulatnnsdo vti oltahatese s umputnidoenrstl hyaein nagl. y ses
• Obst5aEc:vl eein uf s emraska elg lo oddec isiaobnossut ta tiasptpircoaaalcn dh es
undertshtoeau ntdpt uhtes,yt ill maur sets uswlertcisttt iheoca not n fotrom sA mer­
icaPns ycholAosgsioccai(laA tPifAoo)nr mat.
UsiSnPgSf SorW indoawnsMd a cinAtnoyaszlhia:nn gUd n derstDaantwdaaiw snr igt ttoe n
trtyoh elrpe adoevresr ctohmee o fibvset adcilsecsua sbsoevde .
ParIt" ,I ntroSdPSuSc",i nwwgar si tttoae dnd rOebssst acwlheiP laerI tI" ,W okrinwgi th
1,
SPSPSr ocedwuardsee ss,i"tg ona edddr tehosets h feoruo rb sctlaes.
ParIt", I ntroSdPuSc"Sci ,onngs oifss etvse nlteesesdnoi nvsii dneftdoo uu rn i.It gtsu ides
students mtohsrbtoa usogifShc P StSh et ecahnundsi eqassu te esp -bdye-ssctreipp tion.
Uni1t", G etSttianrgwt ietSdhP S S",s hotwhsse t udheonwtt og estt arutseiSdnPS gS i,n ­
cludais nugr voefty h e mmeaniunads e,s criphtoiwto oun sS eoP fSH Se l,ap nadb riteofu r of
whaStP ScSa dno .
Unit" CreaatnWidon krgi nwgi tDha tFai lgeose,ts"h rotuhgseht eopfds e finvianrbgil aes,
2,
showhionwdg a taaree n tearneeddd itheodwt, ou steh e eddaitatano dr the sdcarteae nvsi,e w
howt op rinStP SS fidlaeatsnah,d o wt oi mpoarnetdx pionrfto rmaatnifdor noS mPSt So.
Unit" Wornkgwi itDha tdae,"s crhiobwte ofis n adn rde placree cdoaadntcedao ,m pute
3,
valuseosr,t adnadt ama,en rsdgp elfi ilet s.
Uni4t,t hfien auln iintP a r1tt, i t"lWoerdk iwnigtS hP SCSh aratnOsdu tptueta,c"th hees
studheonwtt oc reaanteden haSnPcSecS h aarswt se lalsh owt ow orwki tShP SoSu tpSuPtS.S
Windo(wvse rsioMnaa ncdi n(tvoesrh1s )1id oinffi etnr h e twhagayrt a pahricecr se aatnedd
12)
editaentddh, ut she irases eparate section4 Afc ooWrvi enrdioanwngsUd n ei4atBcf ho,r Unit
thMea cintosh.
PaIrtI" ,W orkwiintSghP SPSr ocedcuornessi,ts"wt esn toyfl- esse,svd oeinnvs iidnestdio x
uni.Et ascuhn pirte sae nstesst t aotfit setcihcnaailnqa dus etse p-ebpdy e-ssctriopfthi oowtn o
condtuhcsett atiasntasile.cyTs ahlii ssn o hto,w evae rc,o okfboormoaWkte .p roveixdtee nsive
subasnttiinvfeo rmatieoancs hta abtoiutstet cihcniainlqc uleua,bd riindegif s cuosfts hiseot na tis­
tical tuencdhcenoriin dqseurea etxiaomnpo,lfh e oswt hset atiiassp tpilcti heaeds ,s umputni­ons
derlyisntga ttaidh seets iccr,oi ftp hteeiffo ensc itfz oetr h set atais satmipdcla,ets aet th caatn be
analyzetdhs etw aitttihhsr ete isceq,aru cehs atsisoonedc w iiattthhd ea tsae t, stienps-tbryu-cs­tep
tiofnohsro wt oc ompltehatene a luyssiitnshgs e a mpdlaets aea td ,i scuosfts hireoe ns ultthse of
anasliaysv ,i sduiaslpo lfta hryee suuslitSnsPg Sg Sr apohpitcia or ness,su elcttsi on tdhees cribing
resuilAntP sA format,a naalltyteternicachtanil(iv wqehu aeevnsa billeaa)np,dr acetxiecsreec si.
Unit" C5r,e aVtairilnageba sn Cdo mpuDteisncgr iSpttaitvisesh toihwcosswt ,o c" r enaetwe
variafrbolmee xsi sotnieansngs d h otwhsbe a sic prfoodcree sdcurrqieubsai lnigat naqdtu iavne­
titavtairbvileae s.
Uni6t",t T esPtr ocedfuourcseesos,nc " o mpamreianngs anhdo wts ouh soaew sv aorfi ety
techniinqculeusid,ni dnegp eanndde ndte ptte ensdatensdn to tnhee- sattm septl.e
Uni7t", U nivaarnMidua lttei vAanrlaiyasti-Vesa -aronifcTeec hniqfuoecsu,os"nte hsfe a m­
iloyfa naly-sviasr-itoaefncchen iiqnucelsuo,dn ien-gwa antdy w o-waanya loyfsv easr iance,
analoyfcs oivsa riaanmnduc let,i vaanrailaoytfvs eai rsi ance.
Unit" CorreRleagetrsisoinao,nDn di, s criAmnianslaiyPnsrt o cediunrcelssu,id"me psl e
8,
technsiuqcuahesb s i vacroirartee latioannabdli vaanrraeielgasyrtsseaii noslan y saisws e,la ls
more coamnpallesyxus caehssp arctoiarrle laatniasolinmysaul,l tliipnlreeea egrsr siaondndi ,s ­
crimiannlaaynsti s.
Uni9t," cS alPirnogc edfucoruessoe,nsf" ca toarnl aysriesl,i aebsitliimtaaytn iidto enm,
anasliys.
Uni1t,0" NonrpaamePtrroicce dduirsecsua,vs "as reisoe ft yn onpatreacmhentiirqniu­ce s,
cludsiunctghe satsts hb ei nomoinael-,s ampleKr ucshkia-alls-lqMWiucsaNr,ee m,Fa rri,e dman,
anCdo chtrseatns .
xiiP erface
Vesrio1n2o f S PSfSoW ri ndoawnsvd e rs1if1oo ntr h Mea cinotffoesrh a owfae dadlitthi onal
feastu.Fr oerm ordee taaiblosut th ea dditfieoarntseau,lr efteort heS PSWSe b site
hu:p//wwswp.scso.m/spss/sw/hsapwts.sh_ntem.
Thifso uerdtiht oifUo sni SnPgSf SorW indoawnsMd a cinitnocslthuh dfeeo sl loawdidnig­
tiocnoavle rage:
• Chanignteh sne a mionfvg a riaabnvldae lslu aeb (eslLesee s s5o)n
• Newt cehniqfuocerr se nagat niedd itcihrnatgbs o tfhot rh Wei ndsoa wnd
Macinvteorssh(i esoeUn nsi t 4)
TheS tduenDta at Disk
UsiSnPgSf SorW indoawnsMd a cinctoomswehis t ahS tudenDti sDka ittnahc altau ldtleh se
fileysow ui nlele tdow ortkh rouglhe sesaPoarcnthIu . s es sdeavtfiealr eaasml,o nthge mo ne
nameCdra Sbcl aRee sualntadsn otnhaemreT eda chSecarl Ree suTlhtesws.ie bl eli ntroadsu ced
you workt htfiehr rssoetuv gehnl tseeseoTnnh se.cya ansl ob es eeinAn p penAd.i x
Thle essionPn asrI uTts tew toy poefds a tfial eTsh.fie r ysotcu a uns aesa s ampdlaet a file
whelne arnianp ga rtiScPuSlpSar ro cesduucrahes, pairetdt -esosartfm apclatenosyra s lis.
Thefislece sab nee asiidleyn tsiifintechdeea yrn ea mefdoe,rx ampLlees,s2 o2Dn a tFai l1oe r
Less3o5Dn a tFai 2lAe.l so iutnsh seeed c ohnaodlf fth eb ooakrs ee otfds a fitla feoscr o mplet­
inlge sesxocenir s.Te hseasrene a mefdo,r exLaemsps2lo2eEn ,x erFcii1lsoe erL esson 35 Ex­
ercFiis2lee.
OtheFre atrueso ft heB ook
AfteTrh Liesss oYnou W ilKln ow
InP arIt, t habete ginonfei anclghe ssyoonu, s weiaell lio sfot jb ectivetsh-yasotkwu ii lllls
mastwehrey no suu ccescsofumlplltyehc teoe n toeftn hltee sasnowdno rk tharloolftu hgeh ex­
ercistehlsee sisTnoh nea.sd ev anocjbecedt iivnedsi wchaayttoe u ecxapnea cntwd,h aites x ­
pectoefyd o u.
KeWyo rds
AlsionP a rIat, t btehgei nonfei ancgh ltehseisrasoel n i,s otfik enwygo rtdhswa itbl eli ntro­
ducaenddd e finfeotdrh fier tsitm ient hlee ssTohnews.oe r wdisbl eli nb oldtfyaptcehefi e r st
timteh earyeu sed.
TpynigC onvieonnts
Theirosen loynt ey pcionngv eynotmuiu osnat t tteotn hdr outghhibosou otAk s.e queonfac ce­
tioinrsse psreenbtyew dh aotp tiaornsese lefcrtoewmdh amte ncuo,n nebcyat nea dr rloiwk e
thi-s.
Foerx ampialfc e e,r tain rperqouccielrdieucsork neti hnFegi mleen aun d thent hcel icking
New opitwtio ounbl,edr epresaesfn otleldo ws.
1.C liFcikl- eN ew.
Prefaxciei i
Exmapels
Eaclhe sisnocnl sutdeeps- bpyr-oscteeesdwp,ui rtcho piiolulrsua sttioofsn csr seheonft ossr,u c­
cesscfoumlpllyae t teicnhgnw iiqtsuhae m pdlaetE ax.e rcaitts heeens od fe aclhe saslolnyo owu
top racwthiayctoe hu a vlee arned.
Tpis
Somet holefe sscoonnstt aii(pnist n hm ea grintsh)wa ithl ell ypo lue arnS PSaSn wdi tlela ch
you shtohrmatatck uSetP sSe Sa stioue sre .
Sysmt Reeqreuminest
Ify oaur ues iSnPgS 1S2f oWri ndsot,wh eyno usrye smtm usmte etth felo lowmiiningml a
reqeumiern:t s
®
• Windo9w8Ms,E ,N T4.200,0 o0rX P
®
• Penticulmapsrso cessor
• 182M BR AMm inimum
• 200MhBar dd ifsokr SbPaSssSey stoenml y
• SVGAm onitor
Ify oaur ues iSnPgS 1S1f o Mra cinttohesynho ,us rsy temmu smte etth felo lowmiinmngai l
requitr:se men
• PowerMacGi32n 3t3oHsMzoh rf as(t3eM5rH0 zr ecommended)
• 25M0Bf rheear dd isspka fcoer ifnusltla (l5l1M0aBtf iooarnp pliocnaltiyin)o­,n
clud3iMnBog n S ystdeims k
• 129MBR AM( 2M5B6r ecommended)
• Colmoorn i8t0oX0r 6 ,0 r0e solourht iigo(hne12 r04X 76r8e commended)
A Notea botuS PSSf orM acnitosh
SPSS 12f oWri ndoawnsSd P S1S1f oMra cindtioffsiehntr h teo oulsset doc reaanteded it
grap(haidsce ss criibnUe ndi4 t)O .t hweirsteh,ea yrv ee rsyi mria,ln atdh mee thdoedssc riinb ed
thbioso gke neraaplprlleyyg ,ae rsodsfpl latsf.o rm
Thearreae f edwi fferbeentcwepesle ant ftohrsamhtso bulekd e pitnm ind.
1.T hCet +r lZk ecyo mbinuantdioaoenons p eraftoWirio nnd owwhsi,tl hee
Opti+oZ nk se cyo mbinuantdioaoenons p eraftoMirao cnoi snth.
2.I nad iablooxgt hiMena cinvteorsshyi oohuno ,l d doOwpnt iktoehnryesa ther
thatnhC et krelya ,sd onient h Wei ndovwessri on.
3.O ptiionsno sat v aiolantb hElede mi te niunt h Mea cinvteorsshwi hoinil,ite s
availiantb hWleie n dovwesr sion.
4.T hrei gchltio cpkt iaornes mloirmeii tnteh Mdea cintoisohn .v ers
xivP reface