Table Of ContentUSERCOSTCUSTOMIZATIONFORA
FLORIDABRIDGEMANAGEMENTSYSTEM
By
ROBERTOSOARES
ADISSERTATIONPRESENTEDTOTHEGRADUATESCHOOL
OFTHEUNIVERSITYOFFLORIDAINPARTIALFULFILLMENT
OFTHEREQUIREMENTSFORTHEDEGREEOF
DOCTOROFPHILOSOPHY
UNIVERSITYOFFLORIDA
1999
Dedication,to
mywife,
Consuelo,
and
mythreechildren,
Roberto,
Alessandro
and
Andrea.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
IamextremelygratefultoDr.Najafithechairmanofmycommitteewhohas
givenmehiscontinuoussupport,guidance,andencouragementthroughoutmycareerat
theUniversityofFlorida.TheproposaloftheBridgeManagementSystemtoFlorida
DepartmentofTransportationwasoriginallyinitiatedbyDr.Najafiwhichhasprovided
mewithanopportunityto conductthisdissertationwork.IamalsogratefultoDr.
Thompsonforhisguidanceandconstantsupportthroughoutmycareeratthe University
ofFlorida.Asincereandwholeheartedappreciationisextendedtomycommittee
membersDr.Shrestha,Dr.Glagola,andDr.Fotifortheirwiseguidanceintheworkof
thisdissertation.
IextendappreciationtotheNationalHighwayInstitute(NHI)forselectingmeas
the1998recipientoftheEisenhowerFellowshipGrant,fortheir fellowshipduringmy
research.
IofferspecialthankstoalllibrarypersonnelattheUniversityofFlorida,atthe
DepartmentofTransportationinWashington,DC, andattheAmericanTruck
AssociationinVirginia, andtothepersonnelwhohelpedmelocatespecificmaterial
duringmyresearch.
Withallmyheart,Igiveveryspecialthanksforthesupportreceivedfrommy
family;and,aboveall,IthankGodforprovidingmeprotectionandcare.
in
TABLEOFCONTENTS
page
LISTOFTABLES vii
LISTOFFIGURES ix
ABSTRACT x
CHAPTERS
INTRODUCTION 1
1.1.BMSDevelopment 2
1.2.WhatisBMSinPontis 6
1.3.FocussingonPontis 9
PROBLEMSTATEMENT 10
2.1Problem 10
2.2Survey 10
2.3UserCostNeed 11
2.4SurplusTheoryonUserCost 12
2.5 UserCostWeightFactor 13
2.6PontisDefaultValuesOrigin 14
2.7StatementoftheHypothesis 15
2.8Validation 16
LITERATUREREVIEW 17
3.1Accidents 18
3.2UserCosts 21
3.3EconomicEvaluation 24
3.4BMS 25
3.5RemainingRelevantEntries 26
PONTISBMSBASICCONCEPTS 27
4.1PontisDatabas 28
4.2PredictionModels 31
4.3CostModels 33
4.4 ProgramIntegrationModel 38
PONTISUSERCOSTSMATHEMATICALMODEL 41
5.1.BenefitsandUserCosts 41
5.2 FDOTDefaultValuesPolicy 42
iv
5.3UserCostModels 44
5.4BenefitofWidening 45
5.5BenefitsofRaising 47
5.6BenefitofStrengthening 47
5.7BenefitsofReplacement 48
5.8 DetourCost 50
5.9ApplicationExample 50
TRAVELTIMECOSTSFORBMS 55
6.1Background 55
6.2TheoreticalBasisforTravelTimeEvaluation 57
6.3PercentWageIndexAnalysis 59
6.4ComparingTravelTimeValues 64
6.5NonBusinessTravelTime 65
6.6BusinessTravelTime 66
6.7ValueofOneHourTravelTime 69
6.8TruckTravelTimeCostforFlorida 71
AVERAGEVEHICLEOPERATINGCOSTSFORBMS 72
7.1VOCRelatedFactors 73
7.2RunningCostsCalculationMethodology 78
7.3Variablecosts 78
7.4VOCTruckCustomization 82
7.5NewCVVValue 86
BRIDGERELATEDACCIDENTCOSTSFORFLORIDA 87
8.0Background 88
8.1BridgeAccidentCostEvaluationMethodology 88
8.2ComprehensiveFatalityandInjuryCosts 89
8.3ConversionofMAISintoABCClassification 91
8.4 FDOTCrashDataPreparation 92
8.5BridgeRelatedAccidentAverageCost 95
PONTISUSERCOSTSENSITIVITYANALYSIS 97
9.0Background 98
9.1ParametersDefinitions 99
9.2ScenariosforSimulation 100
9.3ComparingResultsFromBasis1andBasis2 105
CONCLUSIONSANDRECOMMENDATIONS 108
10.1Conclusions 108
10.2Recommendations 109
APPENDICES
PONTISOUTPUTREPORTS Ill
FDOTPONTISDEFAULTVALUESPOLICY 113
EQUIPMENTANDCOMMODITYCARRIERTYPES 116
YEAR2000FEDERALHIGHWAYCOSTANDFEE
RESPONSIBILITIES 118
KABCOINJURY CLASSIFICATIONDEFINITION 119
CONVERSIONOFMAISINTOABCINJURYCOSTSTABLES...121
SPREADSHEETSAMPLESOFBRIDGEACCIDENTEVALUATION
VOCEVALUATIONFORCARS,VANSANDLIGHTTRUCKS ..126
REFERENCES 129
BIOGRAPHICALSKETCH 143
VI
.
LISTOFTABLES
Table E3ge
1. ComparisonoftheMainAttributesBetweenPontisandBridgitBMSModels 6
2. ComparativeTypesofUserCostsinNorthCarolina,Indiana,andPontisBMS
Models 8
3. AverageNumberofTrafficFatalitiesperEachWeekday--1975-1995 19
4. TravelTimeCost-DollarperHour-Base1993-MillerApproach 24
5. TravelTimeCost-DollarperHour-Base1993-ZaniewskiApproach 24
6. PontisDefinitionofBridgeElement'sEnvironment 30
7. BasicInventoryInformationforEachBridge 32
8. BasesfortheNeedandBenefitCalculationsonImprovementProjects 38
9. CostMatrix ValuesAdoptedbyFDOT 42
10. CompositeListingofUpdateTravelTimeCosts 65
11 ValueofOneHourTravelTimeforBusinessandNon-BusinessTripsby
VehicleCategory 69
12. ResearchResultValueforTTC 71
13. VehicleCostsClassificationBetweenFixandVariableCosts 79
14. VariableCostsAssignedatOperatingVehicleCostStudies 80
15. EstimatedCostforFuelPerMilebyTruckCategory 84
16. FuelCostsDistributionbyEquipmentType 84
17. MaintenanceCostsforTrucks-CPM/CPK 85
18. TireCostsDescriptiveStatistics~CPMandCPK 86
19. NewVOCValueforPontisCVVDefaultValue 86
vn
.
20. InjuryCostsbyInjuryType-Year1996 87
21. ComprehensiveInjuryCosts,Years1994and1996 92
22. EconomicInjuryCosts,Years1994and1996 92
23. BridgeRelatedAccidentUnitCosts,forFlorida 96
24. UserCostDefaultfromPontisandResearchResultValues 99
25. BenefitPercentChangeDuetoUserCostsPercentChangeUnderDifferent
Scenarios(UsingPontisDefaultValues) 102
26. UserCostSensitivityRankingAgainst%changesinBenefit-"Basis1"-
(UsingPontisDefaultValues) 103
27. UserCostSensitivityRankingAgainst%ChangesinBenefits—"Basis2"—
(UsingResearchResultedDefaultValues) 104
28. BenefitPercentChangeDuetoUserCostsPercentChangeUnderDifferent
Scenarios—Basis2—(UsingResearchResultedDefaultValues) 105
29. UserCostsVariabilityUndertwoDifferentCalculationBasis 106
30. Car,VansandSmallTrucksVOCValues 110
31 TravelTimeCostsforAuto,andFiveTruckTypes 110
vni
.
LISTOFFIGURES
Figure page
1 Consumers'SurplusForOnePeriod 13
2. DataTreatmentFlowchart 27
3. OverallBMSStructure 28
5. DataFlowsinPreservationModeling 35
6. FlowChartforBMSTTCDevelopment 56
7. FlowChartforBMSVOCDevelopment 72
8. FlowChartfortheAverageAccidentCostsDevelopment 87
9. FlowChartforUserCostSensitivityAnalysis 97
IX
AbstractofDissertationPresentedtotheGraduateSchool
oftheUniversityofFloridainPartialFulfillmentofthe
RequirementsfortheDegreeofDoctorofPhilosophy
USERCOSTCUSTOMIZATIONFORA
FLORIDABRIDGEMANAGEMENTSYSTEM
By
RobertoSoares
August1999
Chairperson:FazilT.Najafi
MajorDepartment:CivilEngineeringDepartment
BridgeManagementSystems(BMS)aretoolsdevelopedtohelpdecisionmakers
toprioritizeprojectsthatgivesthehighestbenefit/costratio,wherebenefitsareroaduser
costbenefits.Theyareidentifiedbythesavingsachievedinnotspendingtraveltime(TT)
andvehicleoperating costs(VOC)doingadetour,andreducingtheriskofbridgerelated
accidents. ThestateofFloridaplus38statesadoptedtheBMSPontistomanagetheir
bridgeinventory.
Thehypothesisofthisdissertationisthatvaluesbenchmarkedfromotherareas
arenotsuitabletoreplicatetheFloridareality.Inordertoprovethishypothesisamulti-
stepmethodologywasusedincludingbridge-relatedaccidentcostusingdatafrom11,332
bridgerelatedaccidentswhichoccurredin1996,sensitivityanalyses,using524bridges
under39differentscenarios,modeledbyPontis-BMSversion3.4.Theoriginalusercost
defaultvaluesinPontisare:$37,600foreachbridgerelatedaccident(Ca);$0.25per
kilometerforVOCcosts(Cv),and $19.34perhourfortraveltime(Ct).
