US Hegemony and the Project of Universal Human Rights

257 Pages·1996·12.566 MB·English

by  Tony Evans

US Hegemony and the
Project of Universal
Human Rights
Tony Evans
US HEGEMONY AND THE PROJECT OF UNIVERSAL
HUMAN RIGHTS
SOUTHAMPTONSTUDIES ININTERNATIONALPOLICY
Published in association with the Mountbatten Centre for Intell1ational
Studies, University ofSouthampton.
General Editor: Dilys M. Hill, Reader in Politics, University of
Southampton,and Deputy Director, MountbattenCentrefor International
Studies
Other academic members of the editorial board: Martin Alexander,
Ralph Beddard, StevanK. Pavlowitch, John Simpson
This series was established in 1986 to encourage the publication of
multidisciplinary studies of those public policies with significant
international components or implications. Areas of special interest
include arms-control and defence policies, environmental policies,
human rights, maritime and space issues, third-world development
questions and the European Union.
US Hegemony and the
Project of Universal
Human Rights
Tony Evans
Lecturerin Politics
UniversityofSoutharnpton
FirstpublishedinGreatBritain 1996by
MACMILLANPRESS LTD
Houndmills,Basingstoke,HampshireRG21 6XS
andLondon
Companiesandrepresentatives
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ISBN0-333-63796-8
FirstpublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica 1996by
ST.MARTIN'SPRESS, INC.,
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175FifthAvenue,
NewYork,N.Y. 10010
ISBN0-312-15921-8
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Contents
TheMountbatten CentreforInternationalStudies IX
Acknowledgements xi
Introduction 1
The 'Idea' ofHumanRights 1
TheStudyofHumanRights 3
TheInternationalHumanRightsRegime 6
OutlineoftheBook 9
Notes 11
1 UniversalHumanRightsandInternationalRegimes 13
ConceptualModels 15
InternationalRegimesandRules 19
InternationalLawandHumanRights 23
InternationalRegimesandInternationalInstitutions 33
HegemonyandtheHumanRightsRegime 36
Conclusion 41
No~s 42
2 HumanRightsandPost-WarReconstruction 48
WarandtheDemandforHumanRights 51
HumanRightsandtheDumbartonOaksConversations 56
TheUnitedNationsandHumanRights 59
DomesticJurisdictionandUniversalHumanRights 64
Conclusion 66
Notes 67
3 AnInternationalBillofHumanRights 72
TheExpectationsofaNewInternationalNormativeOrder 74
TheColdWarandHumanRightsNorms 79
TheNormativeDebateintheCommissiononHumanRights 83
TheCommissiononHumanRights 86
TheFormoftheBillofRights 89
Conclusion 93
Notes 95
vii
viii Contents
4 HumanRightsandHegemony 101
HegemonyandDomesticPolitics 102
DomesticPoliticsandRegimeFormation 105
TheBrickerAmendment 110
IIegemony,BrickerandtheHumanRightsRegime 113
Conclusion 116
Notes 118
5 TheInternationalCovenantsonHumanRights 121
TheBifurcationoftheCovenant 125
Self-determination 132
TheColonialClause 138
Conclusion 142
Notes 144
6 ImplementationandForeignPolicy 148
InternationalImplementationofHumanRights 149
PoliticalImplementationofHumanRights 160
ForeignPolicy,DomesticPoliticsandHumanRights 162
ForeignPolicy,HumanRightsandInternationalAction 166
Conclusion 170
Notes 172
7 ConclusionandSpeculation 176
ASpeculation 182
Notes 190
AppendixI: UniversalDeclarationofHumanRights 192
AppendixII: InternationalCovenantonEconomic, Social, and
CulturalRights 199
AppendixIII: InternationalCovenantonCivilandPoliticalRights 211
Bibliography 232
Index 241
The Mountbatten Centre for
International Studies
The Mountbatten Centre for International Studies (MCIS), located in the
Department ofPolitics at the University ofSouthampton, conducts many
cooperative and individual research programmes and activities. Current
areas of research include nuclear non-proliferation, human rights,
internationalenvironmentalissues,navalpeacekeeping,EuropeanandAsian
security,civii-militaryrelationsandpolicestudies.
MCIS activitiesincluderesidential seminarsby itsDefenceStudiesUnit
as well as a programme of seminars and public lectures. The Centre is
interdisciplinary, relyingforitsresourcebaseonmanydepartments within
the University, including History, Law, Education, and Aeronautics and
Astronautics.
Links have been established with the Centre d'Histoire Militaire ofthe
University of Montpellier, the Foundation Pour les Etudes de Defense
Nationale,Paris,andtheFacultedesAffairesInternationales,Universitedu
Havre. The Centre also participates in the work ofthe team on Political
Culture in Eastern Europe at the Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences
Sociales,Paris. MembersoftheCentrehaveparticipatedintheworkofthe
European ScienceFoundationandtheInternational Congress ofHistorical
Sciences.
Publicat.ions of the Centre include the Southampton Studies in
InternationalPolicymonographandbookseries,thelatterinassociationwith
Macmillan, and a monograph and newsletter series produced by the
programmeon nuclearnon-proliferation. MCIS wasestablishedin 1990in
successiontotheCentreforInternationalPolicyStudies(foundedin 1983).
TheMountbattenCentrebearsthe nameoftheEarlMountbattenofBurma
(1900-79), whosepapersarehousedattheUniversityofSouthampton.
ix