U.S. Government Counterterrorism: A Guide to Who Does What

398 Pages·2011·3.385 MB·English

by  Michael Kraft, Edward Marks, Brian Michael Jenkins

Political Science / Terrorism
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“This book will be an essential roadmap for anyone who intends to seriously study
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American counterterrorist policy.” ra
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—Brian Michael Jenkins, Senior Advisor RAND Corporation (From the Foreword)
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“U.S. Government Counterterrorism: A Guide to Who Does What is an invaluable
reference work written with great analytical depth by two distinguished practitioners in U
the field of national security.”
.
—Peter Bergen, author of The Longest War: The Enduring Conflict between America S
and Al-Qaeda
.

“U.S. Government Counterterrorism: A Guide to Who Does What is a long over-due G
work that will likely stand as the essential reference text for scholars and policymakers
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alike seeking to understand the components and dimensions of the U.S. government’s
war on terrorism. Kraft and Marks are to be commended for producing the first v
comprehensive guide to the bureaucratic agencies, approaches, and laws that have e
shaped U.S. counterterrorism policy for the past decade.”
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—Professor Bruce Hoffman, Director, Center for Peace and Security Studies,
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Georgetown University
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U.S. Government Counterterrorism: A Guide to Who Does What is the first readily
available, unclassified guide to the many U.S. government agencies, bureau offices, and e
programs involved in all aspects of countering terrorism domestically and overseas.
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The authors, veterans of the U.S. government’s counterterrorism efforts, present a rare
insider’s view of the counterterrorism effort, addressing such topics as government t
training initiatives, weapons of mass destruction, interagency coordination, research and
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development, and the congressional role in policy and budget issues.
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Individual chapters describe the various agencies, their bureaus, and offices that develop
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and implement the counterterrorism policies and programs, providing a useful guide to
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government officials at all levels as well as students and others interested in how the U.S.
counters terrorism. The book also discusses the challenges involved in coordinating the t
counterterrorism efforts at federal, state, and local levels and explains how key terror events e
influenced the development of programs, agencies, and counterterrorism legislation. The
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legislative underpinnings and tools of the U.S. counterterrorism efforts are covered as are
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the oft-debated issues of defining terrorism itself and efforts to counter violent extremism.
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In addition to outlining the specific agencies and programs, the authors provide unique
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insights into the broader context of counterterrorism efforts and developments in the last
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ten-plus years since 9/11 and they raise future considerations given recent landscape-
altering global events. r
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K12355 m
ISBN: 978-1-4398-5143-2
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www.crcpress.com
9 781439 851432
www.crcpress.com
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U.S. Government
Counterterrorism
A Guide to Who Does What
In order to really understand our struggle against terrorism, you will need to
grasp the full breadth of U.S. government efforts. I am not aware of anyone
who has to date done as thorough a job as Kraft and Marks in cataloging the
scores of agencies, programs, and policies that play a role in the U.S. fight
against terrorism. This is an extremely valuable reference for those in the CT
field.
Congressman Brad Sherman
Lead Democrat on the House Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on Terrorism,
Nonproliferation and Trade
U.S. Government Counterterrorism: A Guide to Who Does What is a long
over-due work that will likely stand as the essential reference text for scholars
and policymakers alike seeking to understand the components and dimensions
of the U.S. government’s war on terrorism. Kraft and Marks are to be com-
mended for producing the first comprehensive guide to the bureaucratic agen-
cies, approaches, and laws that have shaped U.S. counterterrorism policy for
the past decade.
Professor Bruce Hoffman
Director, Center for Peace and Security Studies
Georgetown University
For anyone trying to navigate the monster labyrinth of Washington’s counter-
terrorism agencies, this is the string you need. Kraft and Marks give you a very
thorough, readable description of the entire counterterrorism community with
specialties, expertise, and other helpful details. Moreover, this book is not just
for visitors or amateurs. CT community members, who often don’t know each
other as well as they should, will benefit from this focused reference book.
Ambassador (Rtd) Theodore McNamara
Adjunct Professor, George Washington University, former State Department
Coordinator for Counterterrorism and National Security Council advisor
for counterterrorism
U.S. Government Counterterrorism: A Guide to Who Does What is
an invaluable reference work written with great analytical depth by
two distinguished practitioners in the field of national security.
Peter Bergen
Author of The Longest War: the Enduring Conflict between America and
Al-Qaeda
Exactly what was missing when I worked for Congress. A much needed
resource for the national security and law enforcement community and coun-
terterrorism students in the U.S. and abroad. The first work of its kind and
clearly the best.
Raphael Per
Head on Antiterrorism Issues, Organization for Security and Cooperation
in Europe (OSCE); former Specialist in International Terrorism Policy,
Congressional Research Service
This work is a long-awaited, important, and valuable addition to the short
list of credible books on the evolution of U.S. counterterrorism policy. It will
be an excellent supplemental textbook for courses on counterterrorism theory
and policy.
Prof. Dennis Pluchinsky
Adjunct professor, Georgetown and George Mason Universitiy, former State
Department Senior Terrorism Analyst
Reflecting the distinguished authors’ many decades of experience and consider-
able expertise on counterterrorism, this book provides an essential historical
context for assessing the current threat and the nation’s response to it. It brings
an unprecedented level of transparency and clarity about how we are organized
and the full range of relevant activities. This is a “must-read” for any seri-
ous policymaker while remaining accessible to the general public, and thereby
makes an outstanding contribution to the important debate about the kind of
future we seek and how to achieve it.
Suzanne E. Spaulding
Principal, Bingham Consulting Group, former General Counsel, Senate
Select Committee on Intelligence and Assistant General Counsel, CIA
Written by two experienced practitioners, this book provides a unique guide to
the myriad government offices and programs involved in the U.S. counterter-
rorism effort. It is essential reading for those trying to understand the players
in this critical mission area. With insiders’ knowledge, the authors offer per-
ceptive descriptions of the context, interagency process, legislative underpin-
nings, and role of Congress.
Jim Locher
President & CEO, Project on National Security Reform, Former Assistant
Secretary of Defense for Special Operations and Low‑Intensity Conflict
Pulling together the government’s response to the challenge of terrorist attack
has been a Himalayan task. Documenting the government’s effort has been even
more challenging, given the cross-section of agencies, authorities, and budgets
involved. Kraft and Marks have made a singularly valuable contribution for
students, analysts, and policymakers concerned with the problem of terror and
the need for a coordinated response. This volume fills an important gap in our
understanding of how the government has reshaped itself to face this problem.
Gordon Adams
Distinguished Fellow, The Stimson Center, former Associate Director for
national security and international affairs at the Office of Management and
Budget, the senior White House budget official for national security
Kraft and Marks, two former U.S. Counterterrorism officials with three
decades of experience, provide an insightful insider’s guide to the government’s
counterterrorism agencies and programs. This extraordinary book is essential
reading for anyone with an interest in the evolution and implementation of the
United States’ counterterrorism policy.
Prof. Michael P. Scharf
John Deaver Drinko‑Baker and Hostetler Professor of Law Director
of the Frederick K. Cox International Law Center, Case Western
Reserve University School of Law and former Counsel to the
State Department Counterterrorism Office
This is a uniquely useful reference source and an impressive labour of love
strengthened by insider knowledge. I cannot imagine a better, more compre-
hensive, or more lucid unclassified—or, probably even, classified—guide to
the dauntingly complex nexus of U.S. institutions now involved in all aspects
of counterterrorism, from finance to WMD. As such, it will be of immense
utility to members of the organisations concerned and other government offi-
cials, diplomats, journalists, police departments (within the U.S. and abroad)
and business people in the security industry. But its utility goes still further.
Because it also traces the evolution of the different organisations and their
responsibilities, in response to terrorist events and political developments,
Michael Kraft and Edward Marks’ book should find a place on the shelves of
political scientists, legal scholars, and a wide variety of think tanks. I can see
it remaining as a standard source, updated through numerous future editions.
Paul Schulte
Senior Associate of the Carnegie Endowment Nuclear Policy Program,
Senior Visiting Fellow at Kings College War Studies Dept, and The School
of Oriental and African Studies, London University, and former Director of
Proliferation and Arms Control in the British Defence Ministry
Kraft and Marks offer the first truly encyclopedic guide to the great array of
counterterrorism programs and agencies of the U.S. government. It will be a
resource for anyone who deals with counterterrorism and wants to understand
the many organizations that have contributed to the largely terror-free decade
experienced by the United States after 9/11.
Stewart Baker
Author of “Skating on Stilts: Why We Aren’t Stopping Tomorrow’s
Terrorism,” Partner, Steptoe & Johnson, former Assistant Secretary for
Policy, Department of Homeland Security
Thanks to Mr. Kraft and Ambassador Marks for an enormous and welcome
effort. I am aware of no other compendium that comes close to this book for
thoroughness and usefulness. I will use it with students in my counterterrorism
class as we discuss the effectiveness and appropriateness of the way the USG
has organized itself to combat terrorism.
William Pope
Adjunct Professor, George Washington University, former State Department
Acting Coordinator for Counterterrorism
In one place and for the first time, Michael Kraft and Edward Marks have
provided a long overdue compendium of, in their words, the “who does what”
reference guide on counterterrorism responsibilities within the United States
government. The interests of students, researchers, government staff, and offi-
cials searching for clarity on rules, roles, and responsibilities of counterpart
organizations are all well served. This comprehensive work serves as an impor-
tant step in demystifying the complex, interrelated world of counterterrorism
and our government’s attempts to bring greater efficiencies, knock down walls,
eliminate stovepipes, and enhance the safety and security of our nation.
Michael Rolince
Former FBI Special Agent in Charge, Counterterrorism Division,
Washington Field Office
U.S. Government Counterterrorism: A Guide to Who Does What is a readable
and highly useful reference for anyone interested in learning how the United
States has come to grips with post-9/11 global realities. The authors are long-
time experts on the subject of counterterrorism and the related question of how
to improve coordination within and among government agencies engaged in
the fight. It should not be surprising that, despite vast improvements in inter-
agency coordination over the past decade, the left hand does not always know
what the right is doing. This book is a well organized guide to who is doing
what, and should be required reading for any government official (including
those at the state and local level) or military officer laboring in any part of the
gigantic counterterrorism vineyard. It will help to further break down “silos”
within government and cultural biases within those silos that have hampered
coordination in the past and still do today. The book is an excellent teaching
tool and makes an important contribution to our ability to “connect the dots.”
Ambassador (Rtd) David Lambertson
Adjunct Professor of Political Science, Kansas University; Adjunct Faculty
Member Command and General Staff College; Member of the Advisory
Board of the Simons Center for the Study of Interagency Cooperation

U.S. Government
Counterterrorism
A Guide to Who Does What
Michael B. Kraft H Edward Marks
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
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© 2012 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
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Version Date: 20111103
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We dedicate this book to three separate but related groups of people.
We began our research with thoughts of the all‑too‑many victims of
terrorism, both Americans and citizens of other countries. We have
worked with some of them or known their families and friends.
We also dedicate this book to the thousands of government
employees and contractors who work to prevent future terrorist
attacks outside the lights of publicity. They work in windowless
cubicles—sometimes on 24/7 watch centers, analyzing
intelligence reports and financial transactions and developing
programs—and they work in the field, in the embassies, in
airports and harbors screening passengers and cargoes, in
laboratories developing better equipment to detect explosives
and other threats, and in the law enforcement agencies.
We also dedicate this book with great admiration to the military
personnel and security guards and U.S. diplomats whose lives can
be on the line in taking offensive operations against terrorists or
defending people and buildings from car bombers and other attackers.
And finally, but not least, we dedicate this book to those private
Americans who have thwarted terrorist attacks by their personal
watchfulness and actions in airplanes and other public places.