Table Of ContentUrbanization in Asia
Kala Seetharam Sridhar • Guanghua Wan
Editors
Urbanization in Asia
Governance, Infrastructure and the
Environment
1 3
Editors
Dr. Kala Seetharam Sridhar Guanghua Wan
Public Policy Research Asian Development Bank
Public Affairs Centre Manila
Bangalore Philippines
India
ISBN 978-81-322-1637-7 ISBN 978-81-322-1638-4 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-81-322-1638-4
Springer India
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Preface
This volume originated from the International Conference on Public Policy & Go-
vernance which Public Affairs Centre co-hosted with the Department of Manage-
ment Studies, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. Given the overarching import-
ance of urbanization in Asia, and the large number of papers received for that track,
we decided to bring out this volume on the theme.
It should be remembered that the 21st century Asia has become urban, the pro-
cess itself has not been smooth, since many problems have occurred as a result. The
most important of them relate to migration from rural areas, urban infrastructure in-
cluding highways, basic services such as solid waste management and their impacts
on the urban environment. In this volume, we have made an attempt to capture all
these aspects of urban problems and the papers included reflect on various aspects
of the above.
Nonetheless, we recognize that the most important of all problems is governan-
ce, as Paul and Sridhar (2013) point out, skilled labour and technology can be im-
ported. Substitutes can be found to make up for infrastructure gaps. Power shortage
can be relieved through the use of generators or of a national grid. Railways may
make up when roads fail, but governance cannot be imported. Hence that’s the com-
mon underlying theme for all aspects of urban problems we discuss here.
We also understand that different countries define urbanization in different ways,
but most of the chapters make only intra-country comparisons. We have a note of
caution which is also a caveat. Most papers in this volume focus on urban problems
in India. However, given the Conference was held in Bangalore, India, this focus
was unavoidable. The next caveat is that there are no papers focusing on the major
Asian giant, China. However, we were able to include a few relevant papers one
each in the context of Indonesia, Fiji and a cross country comparison chapter.
We hope that this volume will stimulate provocative debates on the ways in
which these pressing urban problems can be solved across Asia. We sincerely hope
that relevant policymakers, including those that have contributed to this volume,
will take cognizance of the findings and recommendations here.
v
Acknowledgements
We thank the Department of Management Studies Indian Institute of Science Ban-
galore with whom we co-hosted the International Conference on Public Policy &
Governance, which is the basis of papers received for this volume. Many thanks
are due to the International Development Research Centre-Think Tank Initiative’s
support of the conference on behalf of Public Affairs Centre. Thanks are due to
Anjula Gurtoo of Indian Institute of Science’s Department of Management Studies,
for facilitating the publication of this volume and putting us in touch with Springer.
We wish to thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China for its sup-
port through project 71133004.
Thanks are due to Dr.P.Balachandra and Prof Balasubrahmanya of IISc Dept of
Management Studies, for facilitating the process. We are grateful to Revendra, Vani,
all of whom were then with IISc, and who helped us to locate the various authors
of the papers we were interested in for purposes of this volume. We acknowledge
Samuel Paul’s gesture in reviewing a paper in this volume and for letting us have his
comments. Special thanks should be mentioned to Nivedita Kashyap who was with
Public Affairs Centre at the time, and she helped us to select many papers which
related to urban governance, among the mass of nearly 600 submissions we had
received from throughout the world. We thank Suresh Raghavan, Director of Public
Affairs Centre for his support of the conference and this volume and for facilitating
our discussions regarding these. We thank Venugopala Reddy of Public Affairs Cen-
tre for his assistance with the conference and sifting through the papers received.
Thanks are due to all our colleagues at Public Affairs Centre for their support of and
participation in the conference without which this volume would not have taken off.
We place on record our appreciation and thank all the reviewers of the various
papers, whose comments helped to substantially improve the quality of the papers
in this volume. We would err if we did not thank the various staff members at Sprin-
ger India, Sagarika Ghosh, Nupoor Singh, Sahadi Sharma (who has left Springer
now) who patiently answered many of our queries pertaining to the volume. Finally,
we acknowledge the patient copy-editing of the various chapters in this volume by
Puja Kumari.
Any errors remain ours.
vii
Contents
1 Introduction ............................................................................................. 1
Kala S. Sridhar and Guanghua Wan
Part I Rural-urban Linkages
2 Implementation of MGNREGA: A Study of Two Gram
Panchayats in Jhalawar, Rajasthan ....................................................... 9
Moitri Dey
3 ‘Total Sanitation Campaign’ Intervention for a Semiurban
Village Through ‘Public–People–Private’ Partnership ........................ 27
Manik N Dive and Anand B Rao
4 Making the Connection Between Informal Self-Employment and
Temporary Migration: Lessons from the Cycle Rickshaw Sector ....... 41
Ashima Sood
Part II Urban Governance, Infrastructure and Service Delivery
5 Benchmarking Cities: Evidence from India .......................................... 61
Kala Seetharam Sridhar and Nivedita Kashyap
6 Central and State Urban Infrastructure Programs in
Karnataka: What Do We Learn? ........................................................... 91
Kala Seetharam Sridhar and A. Venugopala Reddy
7 Risk Allocation in Concession Agreements for PPP Road
Projects in India ....................................................................................... 119
Debopam Roy, Satyanarayana Kalidindi and A. Soundararajan
8 Value of Travel Time Saved in Modal Shift from Bus to
Metro Case Study: Rohini (West) Delhi Metro Station ..................... 137
Pawan Kumar
ix
x Contents
9 Hidden Cost in Public Infrastructure Project: A Case Study
of Kolkata East–West Metro ................................................................ 149
Sutapa Das
10 Impact of Urban Policy Reform: A Case Study of the
Informal Sector in Solid Waste Management in Delhi ...................... 165
Pooja Ravi
11 Estimating Economic Costs of Municipal Solid Waste
Management: Using Contingent Valuation Method .......................... 179
J. Sacratees and G. Hari Govindaraj
12 A Study of Small And Micro Enterprise Regulatory
Impediments in Fiji ............................................................................... 199
Salvin Saneel Nand
Part III Urbanization and Environment
13 Trends of Land-Use Change in India .................................................. 215
Geetika Rathee
14 Urban form and Residential Energy Use in Bandung Indonesia ...... 239
Sigit D. Arifwidodo
15 Urbanization and the Environment: An Asian Perspective .............. 249
Guanghua Wan and Matthew Kahn
Contributors
Sigit D. Arifwidodo Landscape Architecture Division, Kasetsart University, 50
Paholyothin Road, Jatujak, 10900 Bangkok, Thailand
e-mail: [email protected]
Sutapa Das Deptartment of Architecture and Deptartment of Infrastructure, Indian
Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
e-mail: [email protected]
Moitri Dey Mata Sundri College for Women, Delhi University, Delhi 110002,
India
e-mail: [email protected]
Manik N Dive Centre for Technology Alternatives for Rural Areas (CTARA),
Indian Institute of Technology, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
Rural Development Department, Government of Maharashtra, Mumbai, India
e-mail: [email protected]
G. Hari Govindaraj TDMNS College, T. Kallikulam, Tirunelveli District 627
113, India
e-mail: [email protected]
Matthew Kahn Department of Economics, University of California, Los Angeles,
USA
e-mail: [email protected]
Satyanarayana Kalidindi Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of
Technology Madras, Chennai, India
e-mail: [email protected]
Nivedita Kashyap Public Affairs Centre, Bangalore, India
e-mail: [email protected]
Pawan Kumar Town and Country Planning Organization, Ministry of Urban
Development, Government of India, New Delhi, India
e-mail: [email protected]
xi
xii Contributors
Salvin Saneel Nand School of Law, University of Fiji, Lautoka, Fiji
e-mail: [email protected]
Anand B Rao Centre for Technology Alternatives for Rural Areas (CTARA),
Indian Institute of Technology, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
e-mail: [email protected]
Geetika Rathee School of Government and Public Policy, Jindal Global University,
Sonipat, India
e-mail: [email protected]
Pooja Ravi Centre for the Study of Law and Governance (CSLG), Jawaharlal
Nehru University, New Delhi, India
e-mail: [email protected]
A. Venugopala Reddy Public Affairs Centre, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
e-mail: [email protected]
Debopam Roy National Institute of Construction Management and Research
(NICMAR), 25/1, Balewadi, N.I.A. Post Office, Pune 411045, India
e-mail: [email protected]
J. Sacratees Department of Economics, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University,
Tirunelveli 627 012, India
e-mail: [email protected]
Ashima Sood Hyderabad, India
e-mail: [email protected]
A. Soundararajan Project Controls, L & T Metro Rail Hyderabad Ltd., Hyderabad,
India
e-mail: [email protected]
Kala Seetharam Sridhar Public Affairs Centre, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
Guanghua Wan ADB and Yunnan University of Finance and Economics,
Kunming, Yunnan, China
e-mail: [email protected]
