Urban Runoff Pollution

887 Pages·1986·18.11 MB·English

by  J. Bryan Ellis (auth.), Harry C. Torno, Jiri Marsalek, Michel Desbordes (eds.)

Urban Runoff Pollution
NATO ASI Series
Advanced Science Institutes Series
A series presenting the results of activities sponsored by the NATO Science Committee,
which aims at the dissemination of advanced scientific and technological knowledge,
with a view to strengthening links between scientific communities.
The Series is published by an international board of publishers in conjunction with the
NATO Scientific Affairs Division
A Life Sciences Plenum Publishing Corporation
B Physics London and New York
C Mathematical and D. Reidel Publishing Company
Physical Sciences Dordrecht Boston and Lancaster
D Behavioural and Martinus Nijhoff Publishers
Social Sciences Boston, The Hague, Dordrecht and Lancaster
E Applied Sciences
F Computer and Springer-Verlag
Systems Sciences Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo
G Ecological Sciences
Series G: Ecological Sciences Vol. 10
Urban Runoff Pollution
Edited by
Harry C, Torno
Senior Staff Engineer, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Science Advisory Board (A-1 01-F), Washington, D.C. 20460, USA
Jiri Marsalek
Research Scientist, National Water Research Institute
867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario L7R4A6, Canada
Michel Desbordes
Maitre de Conferences, Laboratoire d'Hydrologie Mathematique
Universite des Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc
F-34060 Montpellier Cedex, France
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo
Published in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on "Urban Runoff Pollution" held
at the Hotel Frantel, Montpellier, France, August 26-30, 1985
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data. Urban runoff pollution. (NATO ASI series. Series G, Ecological
sciences; vol. 10) Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on "Urban Runoff Pollution," held
Aug. 26-30, 1985, Montpellier, France, sponsored by the Scientific Affairs Division of the North Atlantic Treaty
Organization. Includes indexes. 1. Urban runoff-Congresses. 2. Water quality management-Congresses.
I. Torno, Harry C.II. Marsalek, Jiri, 1940-.111. Desbordes, Michel, 1943-. IV. NATO Advanced Research Workshop
on "Urban Runoff Pollution" (1985 : Montpellier, France) V. North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Scientific Affairs
Division. VI. Series: NATO ASI series. Series G, Ecological sciences; no. 10. TD657.U751986 628.1'6886-3930
ISBN-\3: 978-3-642-70891-6 e-ISBN-\3: 978-3-642-70889-3
DOl: 10.1 007/978-3-642-70889-3
This work is subjectto copyright. All rights are reserved, whetherthe whole or part of ihe material is concerned,
specifically those of translating, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broadcastings, reproduction by photocopying
machine or similar means, and storage in data banks. Under § 54 of the German Copyright Law where copies are
made for other than private use, a fee is payable to "Verwertungsgesellschaft Wort", Munich.
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1986
Sof'tcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1986
2131/3140-543210
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• IX
FOREWORD •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• XI
Chapter I POLLUTIONAL ASPECTS OF URBAN RUNOFF
Pollutional Aspects of Urban Runoff •••••••••••••••• 1
J. Bryan Ellis
Toxic Contaminants in Urban Runoff: A Case Study 39
J. Marsalek
Solids, Nutrients and Chlorides in Urban Runoff •••• 59
D. Waller and W. C. Hart
Discussion 87
Chapter II FIELD STUDIES OF URBAN RUNOFF QUALITY
Field Studies of Urban Runoff Quality •••••••••••••• 89
P.-A. Malmquist
Use of Field Data in Urban Drainage Planning ••••••• 103
W. Geiger
Design of Data Collection Systems •••••••••••••••••• 127
M. Terstriep
Data Evaluation in Field Studies of Urban Runoff
Quality: Aspects of Assessing the Measurement
Interval ........................................... 147
F. H. M. van de Ven
Discussion ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 163
VI
Chapter III DETERMINISTIC MODELING OF RUNOFF PROCESSES
Deterministic Modeling of Urban Runoff Quality •••• 167
W. Huber
Continuous Mass-Balance of Pollutant Build-Up
Processes ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 243
W. James and S. Boregowda
Discussion 273
Chapter IV STATISTICALLY-BASED MODELING OF URBAN
RUNOFF PROCESSES
Statistically Based Modelling of Urban Runoff
Quality: State of the Art •••••••••••••••••••••••• 277
J.-C. Hemain
A Statistical Methodology for the Assessment of
Water Quality Effects of Storm Water Discharges ••• 305
R. T. J. M. van der Heijden, L. Lijklema and
R. H. Alderink
TSS, BOD5 and COD Accumulation and Transport Over
Urban Catchment Surfaces: A Modelling Approach •••• 325
E. Servat
Discussion 343
Chapter V CONVENTIONAL POLLUTANT IMPACTS ON RECEIVING
WATERS
Conventional Pollutant Impacts on Receiving Waters 345
T. Hvitved-Jacobsen
Measured CSO Contribution to River Quality
Deterioration and Methodologic Approach for
Negative Influence Evaluation ••••••••••••••••••••• 379
J.-P. Villeneuve and P. Lavallee
Discussion 419
Chapter VI TOXIC POLLUTANT IMPACTS ON RECEIVING WATERS
Toxic Pollutants: Impact and Fate in Receiving
Waters ••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 423
R. Ferrara
Aquatic Fate and Transport Modeling Techniques for
predicting Environmental Exposure to Organic
pesticides and Other Toxicants - A Comparative
Study ............................................. 463
L. A. Mulkey, R. B. Ambrose and T. O. Barnwell
Discussion ...........••........................... 497
VII
Chapter VII RECEIVING WATER MODELING
State-of-the-Art, Physically-Based and
Statistically-Based Water Quality Modeling •••••••• 499
M. A. Medina
Eutrophication Modelling of Small Urban Lakes ••••• 587
B. N. Jacobsen and N. Nyholm
Realistic Water Quality Modeling •••••••••••••••••• 621
L. A. Roesner, R. Walton and J. P. Hartigan
Continuous Simulation Models to Evaluate Urban
Drainage Impacts in Ontario ••••••••••••••••••••••• 649
D. G. Weatherbe
Discussion 675
Chapter VIII RUNOFF QUALITY MANAGEMENT
Urban Stormwater Runoff Quality Management: Low
Structurally Intensive Measures and Treatment ••••• 677
R. Field
Structural Measures for Runoff Quality Management. 701
P. Stahre
The Swirl Concentrator as an Urban Runoff
Treatment Device •......•.......................... 713
E. Lygren and T. Damhaug
A Conceptual Model Optimizing the Maintenance of
Grit Chambers in Combined Sewers •••••••••••••••••• 725
D. Dartus and M. Alquier
Standardization of Detention Pond Design for
Phosphorous Removal ....•..•....................... 739
B. Urbonas
Discussion 761
Chapter IX REAL-TIME CONTROL
Urban Runoff Quality Management by Real-Time
Control ........................................... 765
W. Schilling
Performance of Hardware Components for Real Time
Management of Sewer Systems ••••••••••••••••••••••• 819
J. M. Delattre, A. Bachoc and G. Jacquet
Operational Algorithms for Application in Real-Time
Control of Combined Sewer Systems ••••••••••••••••• 843
G. G. Patry
Discussion ........................................ 869
VIII
Chapter X FUTURE RESEARCH NEEDS
Future Research Needs ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 873
H. C. Torno
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS
881
AUTHOR INDEX
887
SUBJECT INDEX
889
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This Workshop was one of a series of Advanced Research Work
shops sponsored by the Scientific Affairs Division of the
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), and their assis
tance is gratefully acknowledged.
The Workshop organizers would like to express their sincere
appreciation to the other organizations who provided financial
and administrative support, without which the Workshop would
not have been a success. The following organizations in France
provided substantial funding support, in addition to contrib
uting materially to the Workshop in the form of papers and
discussion from members of their staff:
Plan Urbain
64, rue de la Federation
75015 Paris
universite des Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc
place Eugene Bataillon
34060 Montpellier
VERSEAU
Laboratoire d'Hydrologie Mathematique
universite des Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc
34060 Montpellier
Nancy Centre International de l'Eau
149, rue Gabriel
54500 Vandoeuvre
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
Programme PIREN
15, quai Anatole France
75700 Paris
Additional funding support for the travel of u. S. partici
pants was received from the u. S. Environmental Protection
Agency and the u. S. National Science Foundation.
x
Recognizing the need for a Workshop dealing exclusively with
urban runoff pollution, the Council organized a NATO Advanced
Research Workshop on Urban Runoff Pollution, held in Mont
pellier, France, August 26-30, 1985. This book is the Pro
ceedings of that Workshop.
The organization of the Proceedings follows the agenda for
the Workshop. For each major topic there is a review paper,
accompanied by one or more papers on some specific aspect of
the subject, and by a summary of the discussions which fol
lowed the presentation of the papers. There is also a sum
mary of research needs expressed by the participants. Each
of the papers in the Workshop was reviewed and accepted for
publication by the Workshop co-Chairmen, and represents ori
ginal work by the author(s).
We extend our sincere appreciation to all Workshop partici
pants for their active and enthusiastic involvement and
lively discussion. Special thanks go to the session leaders
and to authors, who produced an outstanding set of papers on
relatively short notice.