Urban Resilience for Risk and Adaptation Governance

305 Pages·2019·9.83 MB·English

by  Grazia Brunetta

Resilient Cities
Re-thinking Urban Transformation
Grazia Brunetta · Ombretta Caldarice
Nicola Tollin · Marti Rosas-Casals
Jordi Morató Editors
Urban Resilience
for Risk
and Adaptation
Governance
Theory and Practice
Resilient Cities
Re-thinking Urban Transformation
Series Editors
Nicola Tollin
SDU Civil and Architectural Engineering
University of Southern Denmark
Odense, Denmark
Jordi Morató
UNESCO Chair on Sustainability
Technical University of Catalunya
Terrassa, Spain
Ernesto DR Santibanez Gonzalez
Centre Environmental Sciences
Federal University of Bahia
Bahia, Brazil
The RESILIENT CITIES book series aims to analyse the challenges faced by cities
and provide an up-to-date body of knowledge, including a systematic collection of
global cutting-edge best practices, fundamental to managing the urban transition
toward resilience. The best practices will be collected and analysed following a
common format, enabling the reader to understand the solutions adopted and clearly
highlighting the parameters and possibilities for replication and up-scaling. The
best practices are taken from a global city base including, Barcelona, Medellin,
Adelaide, Copenhagen, Seoul, and Accra. The distinctiveness of the RESILIENT
CITIES book series is its international dimension, coupled with a multidisciplinary
and a cross sectorial approach. The RESILIENT CITIES book series will be a
unique and fundamental resource for practitioners, policy makers and scientists
involved in planning and governing the transition of cities. It presents the latest and
up-to-date systematized information on research, practices and policies development,
defining clear means and pathways for replication and up-scaling.
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/14171
Grazia Brunetta • Ombretta Caldarice
Nicola Tollin • Marti Rosas-Casals
Jordi Morató
Editors
Urban Resilience for Risk
and Adaptation Governance
Theory and Practice
Editors
Grazia Brunetta Ombretta Caldarice
Interuniversity Department of Regional Interuniversity Department of Regional
and Urban Studies and Planning and Urban Studies and Planning
Politecnico di Torino Politecnico di Torino
Torino, Italy Torino, Italy
Nicola Tollin Marti Rosas-Casals
SDU Civil and Architectural Engineering Sustainability Measurement and Modelling
University of Southern Denmark Lab (SUMMLab)
Odense, Denmark Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
(UPC) – Barcelona Tech
Jordi Morató Terrassa, Spain
UNESCO Chair on Sustainability
Technical University of Catalunya
Terrassa, Spain
ISSN 2524-5988 ISSN 2524-5996 (electronic)
Resilient Cities
ISBN 978-3-319-76943-1 ISBN 978-3-319-76944-8 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76944-8
Library of Congress Control Number: 2018948367
© Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2019
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Foreword
“Urban Resilience for Risk and Adaptation Governance. Theory and Practice” is the
first volume of the book series “Resilient City: Re-thinking Urban Transformation”
published by Springer. The Series has been envisioned to analyse the contemporary
challenges faced by cities and provide an up-to-date body of knowledge, including
a systematic collection of global cutting-edge best practices, fundamental to manag-
ing the urban transition toward resilience.
This Book is the first result of the ongoing research collaboration between the
“Recycling City Network – RECNET” and the “Responsible Risk Resilience
Centre – R3C” (Politecnico di Torino), also in the frame of RESURBE International
Program on Urban Resilience, in order to merge different approaches and compe-
tencies on urban resilience in an international scenario. In other word, while
RECNET aims at supporting the key challenges of adaptation and mitigation of
climate change related to intangible heritage and circular economy, R3C is the first
Italian research centre that internationally-leading investigates risk vulnerabilities
and provide resilient solutions for policies and practices using an interdisciplinary
perspective in order to strengthen and safeguard the European’s cultural and natural
heritage.
In this perspective, “Urban Resilience for Risk and Adaptation Governance.
Theory and Practice” aims at collecting a series of theory and practice based articles
on risk management in urban contexts within a resilient perspective. It proposes a
transversal approach regarding the role of spatial planning in promoting and foster-
ing risk management as well as institutions’ challenges and perspective for govern-
ing risk, particularly in relation to new forms of multi-level governance that include
stakeholders and citizen engagement. The different contributions are based on five
topics:
• Concepts and definitions of risk adaptation and urban resilience. The topic aims
to analyse and benchmark different definitions, approaches and concepts of risk,
risk management and adaptation in cities. It also includes the understanding of
the key characteristics of urban resilience in relation to risk;
v
vi Foreword
• Disaster risk prevention and reduction. The topic aims at defining approaches
related to urban risk prevention and reduction, with reference to both slow and
rapid on-setting disasters and crises. It includes issues related with the prevision
capacity and approaches to foresee and forecast future risk, in relation to preven-
tion and preparedness;
• Community based initiatives for urban risk management and adaptation. The
topic aims to collect experiences on community initiatives and organisational
process, based on social inclusion and capacity building for urban risk manage-
ment. It includes analyses on how local communities and citizens can enhance
urban resilience through risk management and adaptation;
• Institutional frameworks and multi-level governance for urban resilience. The
topic analyses institutional and governance frameworks, with specific focus on
multi-level governance, local communities’ participation, and bottom-up
approaches for urban risk management and adaptation. It includes strategies and
frameworks for stakeholders participation and support to participatory and inclu-
sive decision- making;
• The integration of urban resilience in spatial planning. This topic aims at dis-
cussing in which way risk management and adaptation can be integrated and
deployed in spatial planning theories and practices. It also includes the potential
of planning for controlling uncertainty for the prevention against and prepared-
ness to occurring events.
We are extremely grateful to the authors of the chapters and all those who have
participated in this long-lasting dialogue since the beginning of this research proj-
ect. All chapters were double-refereed. Our special thanks go to the referees of the
chapters Maria Dolores Alvarez, Valentina Antoniucci, Stefano Aragona, Ana María
Buritica, Luigi Buzzacchi, Alessandra Casu, Stefano Cozzolino, Arabella Fraser,
Boris Lazzarini, Josep Mercadè, Ezio Micelli, Stefano Moroni, and Rocio Perez
Campana. We also acknowledge the support given by the Technical University of
Antioquia for providing technical assistance to the book series.
Torino, Italy Grazia Brunetta
Ombretta Caldarice
Odense, Denmark Nicola Tollin
Terrassa, Spain Marti Rosas-Casals
Jordi Moratò
15 March 2018
Contents
1 The Challenge of Urban Resilience: Operationalization . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Ombretta Caldarice, Grazia Brunetta, and Nicola Tollin
Part I F rom Risk Management to Urban Resilience:
Towards a Theoretical Framework
2 The Definition of Urban Resilience: A Transformation
Path Towards Collaborative Urban Risk Governance . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Julie-Maude Normandin, Marie-Christine Therrien,
Mark Pelling, and Shona Paterson
3 Putting Resilience into Practice. The Spatial Planning
Response to Urban Risks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Grazia Brunetta and Ombretta Caldarice
4 Adaptive Governance for Resilience of Peri- Urban
Socioecological Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Pablo Torres-Lima, Sandra Lee Pinel, and Kristen Conway-Gómez
5 Ecosystem Services Based Approach for Participatory
Spatial Planning and Risk Management
in a Multi-Level Governance System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Carolina Giaimo, Carlo Alberto Barbieri, and Stefano Salata
6 Sustainable Urban Expansion to Make Climate-Resilient
Cities: The 21st Century Challenge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Lurdes Barrico and Paula Castro
7 Improving Resilience through Cross-Scale
Knowledge Sharing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Elena Pede
vii
viii Contents
Part II From Risk Management to Urban Resilience:
Experiences and Best Practices
8 Urban Resilience and Informality: Effects of Formalisation
in Golestan, Iran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Solmaz Hosseinioon
9 Ecosystem Service Valuation for Forest Landscape
Resilience: Managing Fire Risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Roberta Ingaramo, Emma Salizzoni, and Angioletta Voghera
10 Territorial Resilience and Flood Vulnerability. Case Studies
at Urban Scale in Torino (Italy) and Porto/Vila
Nova de Gaia (Portugal) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Stefano Ferrari, Sandra Oliveira, Giulia Pautasso,
and José Luís Zêzere
11 Climatic Change, Management of Water Rain and Flood Risk
in the Metropolitan Area of San Luis Potosí, México . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Adrián Moreno-Mata, Ricardo Villasís-Keever,
and Jordi Morató
12 Urban Resilience and Landslide Risk Management:
The Case of Santos (Brazil) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Karolyne Ferreira and Alex Abiko
13 Probabilistic Assessment of Seismic Risk of Dwelling Buildings
of Barcelona. Implication for the City Resilience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Armando Aguilar-Meléndez, Lluis G. Pujades, Josep De la Puente,
Alex H. Barbat, Mario G. Ordaz S., Sergio Natan González-Rocha,
Carlos M. Welsh-Rodríguez, Héctor E. Rodríguez-Lozoya,
Nieves Lantada, Luis Ibarra, Alejandro García-Elias,
and Amelia Campos-Rios
14 Urban Resilience and Post-Disaster Reconstruction. Evidences
from Mexico and France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
Aleyda Reséndiz-Vázquez
15 Operational Mitigation – Transient Housing: The Case
of Jammu, India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
Faiz Ahmed Chundeli and Lakshmi Visakha
16 Planning Recovery and Reconstruction After the 2010 Maule
Earthquake and Tsunami in Chile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
Stephen Platt
Chapter 1
The Challenge of Urban Resilience:
Operationalization
Ombretta Caldarice, Grazia Brunetta, and Nicola Tollin
Abstract Urban resilience is a structural property of urban systems and it is related
to their capacity to continually self-organising and adapt in the face of ongoing and
unpredicted changes and risks. Although academic debate on urban resilience is
deeply understood, several methodological challenges remain both related to the
theoretical and the practical domain of the concept. Operationalising resilience is
arguably one of the most impactful global issues for the future research as it implies
to link the concept about what urban resilience is and what urban resilience ought to
be. To this end, this chapter proposes to deal with the principal issues related to the
operationalization of urban resilience, investigating current problems and future
perspectives about meanings and values of urban resilience and discussing the main
contents of the book.
Keywords Urban resilience · Resilience meaning · Adaptive capacity · Adaptation
in spatial planning · Resilience in practice
1.1 Understanding Resilience
“The world breaks everyone and afterward many are strong at the broken places”
Ernest Hemingway, A farewell to Arms (1929)
In 2013, one of the most read articles in the Guardian newspaper was searching
for the real meaning of ‘resilience’ criticising the common use of the term by recipi-
ent governments, implementing agencies, and donors. The article questioned if
resilience stills a mere catchword that development organisations are using to
O. Caldarice (*) · G. Brunetta
Interuniversity Department of Regional and Urban Studies and Planning,
Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
N. Tollin
SDU Civil and Architectural Engineering, University of Southern Denmark,
Odense, Denmark
e-mail: [email protected]
© Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2019 1
G. Brunetta et al. (eds.), Urban Resilience for Risk and Adaptation Governance,
Resilient Cities, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76944-8_1