Urban planning and the African American community : in the shadows

333 Pages·1997·10.275 MB·English

by  June Manning Thomas, Marsha Ritzdorf

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From June:
To my parents, President Emeritus Hubert V. Manning,
and Associate Professor Emeritus Ethel A. Manning.
From Marsha:
To my husband, Paul V. Brozovsky,
and my son, Jon M. Ritzdorf.
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African
American
Community
In the
Shadows
June Manning Thomas
Marsha Ritzdorf
Editors
SAGE Publications
International Educational and Professional Publisher
Thousand Oaks London New Delhi
Copyright © 1997 by Sage Publications, Inc.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or
by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any
information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the
publisher. Cover photo by Nemo Warr dates from the 1940s or 1950s and shows a
woman and several children "in the shadows" of a house in poor condition. Used
courtesy of the Burton Historical Collection, Detroit Public Library, Detroit/Housing
folder.
For information address:
SAGE Publications, Inc.
2455 Teller Road
Thousand Oaks, California 91320
E-mail: [email protected]
SAGE Publications Ltd.
6 Bonhill Street
London EC2A 4PU
United Kingdom
SAGE Publications India Pvt. Ltd.
M-32 Market
Greater Kailash I
New Delhi 110 048 India
b k
Printed in the United States of America
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Main entry under title:
Urban planning and the African American community: In the shadows. Authors,
June Manning Thomas and Marsha Ritzdorf.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-8039-7233-4 (cloth: acid-free paper).—ISBN 0-8039-7234-2
(pbk.: acid-free paper).
1. City planning—United States. 2. Afro-Americans—Social conditions.
3. Urban renewal—United States. 4. Zoning—United States. 5. United States—
Race relations. I. Thomas, June Manning. II. Ritzdorf, Marsha.
HT167.U7277 1997
307.1'216'08996073—dc20 96-25329
97 98 99 00 01 02 03 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Acquiring Editor. Catherine Rossbach
Editorial Assistant: Nancy Hale
Production Editor: Diana E. Axelsen
Production Assistant: Karen Wiley
Typesetter/Designer: Marion V\fcrren
Cover Designer: Ravi Balasuriya
Cover Photo: Nemo Wot
Print Buyer. Anna Chin
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CONTENTS
Acknowledgments
1. Introduction
June Manning Thomas and Marsha Ritzdorf
| PART ONE: ZONING AND REAL ESTATE
2. The Racial Origins of Zoning in American Cities
Christopher Silver
3. Locked Out of Paradise: Contemporary Exclusionary
Zoning, the Supreme Court, and African Americans,
1970 to the Present
Marsha Ritzdorf
4. The Second Ghetto and the "Infiltration Theory"
in Urban Real Estate, 1940-1960
Raymond A. Mohl
5. Family Values, Municipal Zoning, and African American
Family Life
Marsha Ritzdorf
| PART TWO: PLANNING AND PUBLIC POLICY
6. The Persistence of Racial Isolation:
The Role of Government Action and Inaction
Yale Rabin
7. Urban Planning, Equity Planning,
and Racial Justice
Norman Krumholz
8. Gary, Indiana: Planning, Race, and Ethnicity
Robert A. Catlin
9. Model Cities Revisited: Issues of Race
and Empowerment
June Manning Thomas
PART THREE: AFRICAN AMERICAN
INITIATIVES AND RESPONSES
10. Charlotta A. Bass, the California Eagle, and
Black Settlement in Los Angeles
Jacqueline Leavitt
11. Winning Some Battles But Losing the War?
Blacks and Urban Renewal in
Greensboro, NC, 1953-1965
Sigmund C. Shipp
12. The Roots and Origins of African American
Planning in Birmingham, Alabama 201
Charles E. Connerly and Bobby Wilson
13. Urban Environmentalism and Race 220
Robert W. Collin and Robin Morris Collin
| PART FOUR: PLANNING EDUCATION
14. The Status of Planning Education at Historically Black
Colleges and Universities: The Case of Morgan State
University 239
Siddhartha Sen
15. Coming Together: Unified Diversity for Social Action 258
June Manning Thomas
PART FIVE: EXCERPTS FROM SELECTED
PLANNING-RELATED DOCUMENTS
A. Village of Euclid v. Ambler Realty Corporation (1926) 281
B. FHA Underwriting Manual (1938) 282
C. The Urban Renewal Manual (1961) 284
D. The Racial Aspects of Urban Planning: An Urban
League Research Report (1968) 286
E. Village of Belle Terre v. Boraas (1973) 289
F. Warth v. Seldin (1974) 292
G. New Federalism and Community Development:
A Joint Center for Political Studies Report (1976) 295
H. U.S. Fair Housing Act (1988) 297
I. American Institute of Certified
Planners Code of Ethics (1989) 300
J. President Clinton's "Environmental Justice"
Executive Order (1994) 301
K. Community Reinvestment Act: Challenges
Remain (1995) 304
Index 311
About the Editors 317
About the Contributors 319