Urban Disaster Resilience and Security: Addressing Risks in Societies

513 Pages·2018·10.01 MB·English

by  Alexander Fekete

The Urban Book Series
Alexander Fekete
Frank Fiedrich Editors
Urban Disaster
Resilience and
Security
Addressing Risks in Societies
The Urban Book Series
Series Advisory Editors
Fatemeh Farnaz Arefian, University College London, London, UK
Michael Batty, University College London, London, UK
Simin Davoudi, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
Geoffrey DeVerteuil, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
Karl Kropf, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
Marco Maretto, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
Vítor Oliveira, Porto University, Porto, Portugal
Christopher Silver, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
Giuseppe Strappa, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
Igor Vojnovic, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
Jeremy Whitehand, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Alexander Fekete Frank Fiedrich
(cid:129)
Editors
Urban Disaster Resilience
and Security
Addressing Risks in Societies
123
Editors
Alexander Fekete FrankFiedrich
Institute of Rescue EngineeringandCivil Institute for Public Safety andEmergency
Protection Management
TH Köln—University of AppliedSciences University of Wuppertal
Cologne Wuppertal
Germany Germany
ISSN 2365-757X ISSN 2365-7588 (electronic)
TheUrban Book Series
ISBN978-3-319-68605-9 ISBN978-3-319-68606-6 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68606-6
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Preface
Resilience—is it still the hype when you read this book? It might depend on the
background you have, the discipline, field of research or action, country or time.
While some might have felt resilience is already past its hiatus, resilience has
remarkablyshownpersistence.Insomeacademicfields,resilienceisburgeoning,in
others mushrooming, in other fields, disputed. Even when we started planning this
book, or on some conference sessions in 2012 when we first gathered authors for
thisbook,disasterresiliencewasnotanoveltopic.However,overyears,weheard
demands to illustrate whether and how such a multifaceted concept of resilience
could be put into practice or be operationalised when there existed so many dif-
ferent definitions.Thisbooktries tocontributeselectedexampleshowresilienceis
conceptualised and how researchers and practitioners try to work with it.
The selection of topics, authors and chapters resulted from the editors’ interests
in recent research and policy fields; notably, critical infrastructure and civil pro-
tectionaswellasurbanresilienceinthecontextofDisasterRiskReduction(DRR),
Climate Change Adaption (CCA), man-made hazards and threats. On a method-
ologicalside,wewereinterestedinmeasurabilityofresilience,butembracingboth
qualitative and quantitative approaches. We are very grateful that so many authors
from our wish list agreed to contribute their interesting perspectives to this book.
Authors come from various disciplines and countries (with a slight focus on
Europe), but we also include perspectives from Iran, Nepal and the USA. This
broad perspective is important to foster future discussions on this topic. To ensure
the overall quality of this volume, all chapters were cross-reviewed by authors of
other chapters and editor-reviewed.
Wewouldalsoliketothank anumberofauthorswho hadintendedtodelivera
chapterbutcouldnotduetobrevityoftimeintheend.Wehopetostayconnected
for continuing research and knowledge transfer in this area.
Cologne, Germany Alexander Fekete
Wuppertal, Germany Frank Fiedrich
v
Contents
1 Introduction to ‘Urban Disaster Resilience and
Security—Addressing Risks in Societies’. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Alexander Fekete and Frank Fiedrich
Part I Planning Urban Resilience
2 Nepal and the “Urban Resilience Utopia”. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Johannes Anhorn
3 Exploring the Role of Planning in Urban Resilience
Enhancement—An Irish Perspective. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
AoifeDoyle,WilliamHynes,StephenM.PurcellandMariaRochford
4 Toward Climate Resilience in the USA: From Federal
to Local Level Initiatives and Practices Since the 2000s . . . . . . . . . 41
Ebru A. Gencer and Wesley Rhodes
5 Enhancing Resilience Towards Summer Storms from
a Spatial Planning Perspective—Lessons Learned
from Summer Storm Ela. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Hanna Christine Schmitt and Stefan Greiving
6 Measuring Urban Resilience to Natural Disasters
for Iranian Cities: Challenges and Key Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Solmaz Hosseinioon
7 Resilience History and Focus in the USA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Ronald Fisher, Michael Norman and James Peerenboom
vii
viii Contents
Part II Organizing Professionals and the People
8 Integrating Volunteers in Emergency Response:
A Strategy for Increased Resilience Within German Civil
Security Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Jens Hälterlein, Linda Madsen, Agnetha Schuchardt,
Roman Peperhove and Lars Gerhold
9 Contributions of Flood Insurance to Enhance
Resilience–Findings from Germany. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Annegret H. Thieken
10 Collaborative Emergency Supply Chains for Essential
Goods and Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Marcus Wiens, Frank Schätter, Christopher W. Zobel
and Frank Schultmann
Part III Urban Resilience Assessment: Methods and Challenges
11 Competence as Enabler of Urban Critical Infrastructure
Resilience Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Florian Brauner, Marie Claßen and Frank Fiedrich
12 Resilient Disaster Recovery: The Role of Health Impact
Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
James K. Mitchell
13 DS3 Model Testing: Assessing Critical Infrastructure
Network Flood Resilience at the Neighbourhood Scale . . . . . . . . . . 207
Damien Serre
14 Enhancing Flood Resilience Through Collaborative Modelling
and Multi-criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
Mariele Evers, Adrian Almoradie and Mariana Madruga de Brito
Part IV Urban Critical Infrastructure and Security
15 An Approach for Quantifying the Multidimensional
Nature of Disaster Resilience in the Context of
Municipal Service Provision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
Christopher W. Zobel, Milad Baghersad and Yang Zhang
16 A Future-Oriented Agent-Based Simulation to Improve
Urban Critical Infrastructure Resilience. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
Thomas Münzberg, Tim Müller and Wolfgang Raskob
Contents ix
17 An Indicator-Based Approach to Assessing Resilience
of Smart Critical Infrastructures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
A. Jovanović, K. Øien and A. Choudhary
18 Certified Video Surveillance Systems for More Resilient
Urban Societies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
Simone Wurster, Irene Kamara, Thordis Sveinsdottir
and Erik Krempel
19 Situational Resilience––A Network-Perspective on Resilience
to Crime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331
Herbert Schubert and Tim Lukas
Part V Resilience Trends, Paradigms and Reflections
20 Urban Riskscapes—Social and Spatial Dimensions of Risk in
Urban Infrastructure Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
Florian Neisser and Detlef Müller-Mahn
21 ResearchingMilieu-SpecificPerceptionsofRisk,(in)Security,and
Vulnerability—A Conceptual Approach for Understanding the
Inequality and Segregation Nexus in Urban Spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . 361
Kristina Seidelsohn, Martin Voss and Daniela Krüger
22 ResilienceandThrivinginSpiteofDisasters:AStagesofChange
Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383
Norbert Mundorf, Colleen A. Redding, James O. Prochaska,
Andrea L. Paiva and Pamela Rubinoff
23 Foresight in Sight: How to Improve Urban Resilience with
Collaboration Among Public Authorities?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397
Riitta Molarius,NinaWessberg,Jaana Keränen andMervi Murtonen
24 How to Demarcate Resilience? A Reflection on Reviews in
Disaster Resilience Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413
Maike Vollmer and Gerald Walther
25 Challenges in Establishing Cross-Border Resilience . . . . . . . . . . . . 429
Anouck Adrot, Frank Fiedrich, Andreas Lotter, Thomas Münzberg,
Eric Rigaud, Marcus Wiens, Wolfgang Raskob
and Frank Schultmann
Part VI Perspectives from the Science-Policy Nexus
26 Resilience—A Useful Approach for Climate Adaptation? . . . . . . . . 461
Thomas Abeling, Achim Daschkeit, Petra Mahrenholz
and Inke Schauser
x Contents
27 Urban Resilience and Crisis Management: Perspectives from
France and Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473
Juergen Weichselgartner, Bernard Guézo, Irmtraud Beerlage,
Christian Després, Alexander Fekete, Gabriele Hufschmidt,
Orsola Lussignoli, Stefanie Mey-Richters, Jens Naumann
and Ina Wienand
28 Considerations About Urban Disaster Resilience and
Security—Two Concepts in Tandem?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495
Alexander Fekete and Janos J. Bogardi
29 Synthesis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503
Alexander Fekete and Frank Fiedrich