Upstream Industrial Biotechnology, Volume 1: Expression Systems & Process Development & Volume 2: Equipment, Process Design, Sensing, Control, and cGMP Operations

1838 Pages·2013·34.391 MB·English

by  Michael C. Flickinger

UPSTREAM INDUSTRIAL
BIOTECHNOLOGY

UPSTREAM INDUSTRIAL
BIOTECHNOLOGY

Edited By
MICHAEL C. FLICKINGER
Golden LEAF Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC)
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
North Carolina State University, Raleigh
North Carolina, USA
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData:
Upstreamindustrialbiotechnology/editedbyMichaelC.Flickinger.
v.cm
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
Contents:volume1.ExpressionSystemsandProcessDevelopment–volume2.Equipment,ProcessDesign,Sensing,ControlandcGMPOperations.
ISBN978-1-118-13123-7(set:hardback) 1. Biotechnology. I. Flickinger,MichaelC.,editorofcompilation. II. Encyclopediaofindustrial
biotechnology.Selections.
TP248.2.U6752013
660.6–dc23
2012030697
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
10987654321
CONTENTS
VOLUME I: EXPRESSION SYSTEMS & PROCESS
DEVELOPMENT
PREFACE xi
CONTRIBUTORS xiii
PART I INTRODUCTION 3
PART II INDUSTRIAL CELL GROWTH AND GENE EXPRESSION
SYSTEMS 7
1 Animal Cells, Suspension Culture 9
JohnR.Birch
2 Baculovirus Expression Systems 19
RobertD.Possee,RichardB.Hitchman,andLindaA.King
3 Baculovirus Kinetics, Insect Culture 33
LeslieChan,SteveReid,andLarsKeldNielsen
4 Cell Culture, Aseptic Techniques 49
JohnM.DavisandKevinL.Shade
5 Cell Cycle in Bioprocesses 71
MariamNaciriandMohamedAl-rubeai
6 Cell Growth and Protein Expression Kinetics 85
DhinakarS.Kompala
v
vi CONTENTS
7 Cell Viability Measurement 97
NingWeiandBenjaminSommer
8 Contamination Detection in Animal Cell Culture 105
CarolMcleanandColinHarbour
9 Culture Collections and Biological Resource Centers (BRCs) 131
DavidSmith
10 Culture Preservation 153
RobertL.Gherna
11 Expression and Secretion of Heterologous Proteins, Bacillus
and Other Gram-Positive Bacteria 163
BoykeBunk,RebekkaBiedendieck,DieterJahn,andPatriciaS.Vary
12 Gene Expression in Human Cells 181
MarcoA.Cacciuttolo,GeneLee,JohnChon,andJohnLewis
13 Gene expression in Pichia and other methylotroph yeast 195
KotiSreekrishna
14 Gene Expression in Recombinant Animal Cells and Transgenic
Animals 213
RichardM.TwymanandBruceWhitelaw
15 Inoculum Expansion Methods, Animal Cell Lines 297
ClaudiaKloth,GlennMaclsaac,HaileGhebremariam,andAlahariArunakumari
16 Insect Cell Culture 311
SomeetNarang,ErikM.Whiteley,SunyiaHussain,andMichaelJ.Betenbaugh
17 Kinetics of Microbial Growth 331
NicolaiS.Panikov
18 Microalgae, Mass Culture Methods 371
Em´ılioMolinaGrima,JoseMar´ıaFerna´ndezSevilla,andFranciscoGabriel
Acie´nFerna´Ndez
19 Microbial Growth Measurement 399
ArthurL.Koch
20 Microbial Media Composition 413
RosalieJ.Cote
21 Microscopic Characterization of Cells 437
ErwinHuebner
22 Mycoplasma Contamination of Cell Cultures 467
CordC.UphoffandHansG.Drexler
CONTENTS vii
23 Protein Glycosylation: Analysis, Characterization, and Engineering 489
MikaelR.Andersen,JongHyunNam,andSusanT.Sharfstein
24 Secretion of Heterologous Proteins, Gram Positive Bacteria 543
EricMorello,IsabellePoquet,PhilippeLangella
25 Soluble Protein Expression in Bacteria 557
CatherineH.Schein
PARTIII MEDIA, CELL LINES AND PROCESS DEVELOPMENT 579
26 Animal Cell Culture Media 581
NatarajanVijayasankaran,JincaiLi,RobertShawley,AaronChen,
MasaruShiratori,MartinGawlitzek,FengLi,RobertKiss,
andAshrafAmanullah
27 Animal Cell Culture, Effects of Osmolality and Temperature 599
JamesC.WarrenandShyamsundarSubramanian
28 Animal Cell Stability 617
MartinS.Sinacore,TimothyS.Charlebois,DenisDrapeau,MarkLeonard,
ScottHarrison,andS.RobertAdamson
29 Animal Cell Types, Hybridomas 635
K.HeilmannandB.Micheel
30 Antibody Production, Human Recombinant 645
StefanDu¨bel
31 Antifoams and Pluronic Polyols, Cell Protection 663
DavidW.Murhammer
32 Biominiaturization of Bioreactors 669
MichaelA.HansonandGovindRao
33 Inoculum Preparation 699
CraigJ.L.Gershater
34 Microcarrier Culture 711
SusanT.SharfsteinandChristianKaisermayer
35 Monoclonal Antibody Production, Cell Lines 733
JuliaF.MarkusenandDavidK.Robinson
36 Plant Cell Culture, Laboratory Techniques 747
MarkRichardFowler
37 Scale-Up of Biotechnological Processes 759
MarkoZlokarnik
viii CONTENTS
VOLUME II: EQUIPMENT, PROCESS DESIGN, SENSING,
CONTROL, AND cGMP OPERATIONS
PREFACE ix
CONTRIBUTORS xi
PARTIV BIOREACTOR DESIGN, ENGINEERING,
PROCESS SENSING AND CONTROL 789
38 Aeration, Mixing, and Hydrodynamics in Animal Cell Bioreactors 791
RubenGodoy-Silva,ClaudiaBerdugo,andJeffreyJ.Chalmers
39 Biocatalytic Membrane Reactors 821
LidiettaGiornoandEnricoDrioli
40 Bioreactor Scale-Down 847
LauraA.Palomares,AlvaroR.Lara,andOctavioT.Ram´ırez
41 Bioreactor Scale-Up 863
LauraA.PalomaresandOctavioT.Ram´ırez
42 Bioreactors: Airlift Reactors 887
J.C.MerchukandF.GarciaCamacho
43 Bioreactors, Continuous Culture of Plant Cells 955
H.J.G.TenHoopen
44 Bioreactors, Fluidized-Bed 963
WinfriedStorhas
45 Bioreactors, Gas-Treatment 979
GrahamAndrewsandWilliamApel
46 Bioreactors, Perfusion 995
WeiWenSu
47 Bioreactors: Rotating Biological Contactors 1013
SusanaCortez,PilarTeixeira,Rosa´rioOliveira,andManuelMota
48 Bioreactors, Stirred Tank for Culture of Plant Cells 1031
PaulineM.Doran
49 Cell Immobilization, Engineering Aspects 1069
RonnieWillaert
50 Fermenter/Bioreactor Design 1101
MarvinCharlesandJackWilson
51 Gas-Holdup in Bioreactors 1137
ChristianSieblistandAndreasLu¨bbert
CONTENTS ix
52 Immobilization of Proteins and Enzymes, Mesoporous Supports 1147
MartinHartmannandDirkJung
53 Immobilized Cells 1179
Manojlovic´ Verica,BugarskiBranko,andNedovic´ Viktor
54 Immobilized Enzymes 1201
JoseM.Guisan,LorenaBetancor,andGloriaFernandez-Lorente
55 Impeller Selection, Animal Cell Culture 1219
AlvinW.Nienow
56 Mammalian Cell Bioreactors 1233
WeichangZhou,GargiSeth,MariaJ.Guardia,andWei-ShouHu
57 Mammalian Cell Culture Reactors, Scale-Up 1245
J.BryanGriffiths
58 Mass Transfer 1261
YusufChisti
59 Oxygen Transfer Rate Determination Methods 1303
FelixGarcia-OchoaandEmilioGomez
60 Photobioreactors 1327
MarioR.Tredici,GraziellaChiniZittelliandLilianaRodolfi
61 Rheological Behavior of Fermentation Fluids 1347
ColinR.ThomasandGrainneL.Riley
62 Rheology of Filamentous Microorganisms, Submerged Culture 1359
MariaPapagianni
63 Sampling and Sample Handling for Process Control 1377
BoMattiassonandMartinHedstro¨m
64 Solid State Fermentation, Kinetics 1387
DavidA.Mitchell,DeidreM.Stuart,andRobertD.Tanner
65 Solid Substrate Fermentation, Automation 1413
MarioFerna´ndez-ferna´ndezandJ.RicardoPe´rez-correa
66 Stainless Steels 1427
C.P.Dillon
67 Static Mixing, Fermentation Processes 1435
RaduZ.TudoseandMariaGavrilescu
68 Transfer Phenomena in Multiphase Systems 1451
Rodica-VioricaRoman