Table Of ContentUpdate On Hearing Loss
Edited by Fayez Bahmad Jr.
Update On Hearing Loss
Edited by Fayez Bahmad Jr.
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Published December 11, 2015
ISBN-10: 953-51-2195-2
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C ontents
Preface
Chapter 1 Cochlear Model for Hearing Loss
by Miriam Furst
Chapter 2 Classification of Hearing Loss
by Waleed B. Alshuaib, Jasem M. Al-Kandari and Sonia M.
Hasan
Chapter 3 Up to Date on Etiology and Epidemiology of Hearing Loss
by Larissa Vilela Pereira and Fayez Bahmad Jr.
Chapter 4 Advances in Genetic Diagnosis and Treatment of Hearing
Loss — A Thirst for Revolution
by Sidheshwar Pandey and Mukeshwar Pandey
Chapter 5 Hearing Loss in Infectious and Contagious Diseases
by Luiz Alberto Alves Mota, Paula Cristina Alves Leitão, Paulo
Marcelo Freitas de Barros and Ana Maria dos Anjos Carneiro Leão
Chapter 6 Hearing Loss and the Voice
by Ana Cristina Coelho, Daniela Malta Medved and Alcione
Ghedini Brasolotto
Chapter 7 Hearing Impairment in Professional Musicians and
Industrial Workers — Profession-Specific Auditory Stimuli Used to
Evoke Event-Related Brain Potentials and to Show Different Auditory
Perception and Processing
by Edeltraut Emmerich, Marcus Engelmann, Melanie Rohmann
and Frank Richter
VI Contents
Chapter 8 A Combination of EGb 761 and Soft Laser Therapy in Chronic
Tinnitus
by Klára Procházková, Ivan Šejna, Petr Schalek, Jozef Rosina and
Aleš Hahn
Chapter 9 Technological Advances in Universal Neonatal Hearing
Screening (UNHS)
by Stavros Hatzopoulos, Henryk Skarzynski and Piotr H
Skarzynski
Chapter 10 Bilateral Cochlear Implants, Minimizing Auditory
Rehabilitation
by Miguel A. Hyppolito and Eduardo T. Massuda
Preface
"Update on Hearing Loss" encompasses both the theoretical
background on the different forms of hearing loss and a detailed
knowledge on state-of-the-art treatment for hearing loss, written for
clinicians by specialists and researchers. Realizing the complexity of
hearing loss has highlighted the importance of interdisciplinary
research.
Therefore, all the authors contributing to this book were chosen from
many different specialties of medicine, including surgery, psychology,
and neuroscience, and came from diverse areas of expertise, such as
neurology, otolaryngology, psychiatry, and clinical and experimental
audiology.
Chapter 1
Cochlear Model for Hearing Loss
Miriam Furst
Additional information is available at the end of the chapter
http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/61189
Abstract
In many psychoacoustical tasks, hearing-impaired subjects display abnormal audiograms
and poor understanding of speech compared to normal listeners. Existing models that ex‐
plain the performance of the hearing impaired indicate that possible sources for cochlear
hearing loss may be the dysfunction of the outer and inner hair cells. In this study, a
model of the auditory system is introduced. It includes two stages: (1) a nonlinear time
domain cochlear model with active outer hair cells that are driven by the tectorial mem‐
brane motion and (2) a synaptic model that generates the auditory nerve instantaneous
rate as a response to the basilar membrane motion and is affected by the inner hair cell
transduction efficiency. The model can fit both a normal auditory system and an abnor‐
mal auditory system with easily induced pathologies.
In typical psychoacoustical detection experiments, the ability of subjects to perceive a
minimum difference in a physical property is measured. We use the model presented
here to predict these performances by assuming that the brain behaves as an optimal pro‐
cessor that estimates a particular physical parameter. The performance of the optimal
processor is derived by calculating its lower bound. Since neural activity is described as a
nonhomogeneous Poisson process whose instantaneous rate was derived, the Cramer–
Rao lower bound can be analytically obtained for both rate coding and all information
coding.
We compared the model predictions of normal and abnormal cochleae to human thresh‐
olds of pure tones in quiet and in the presence of background noise.
Keywords: Cochlear model, outer hair cell, audiogram, hearing impairment, auditory
nerve
1.Introduction
When sound waves enter the ear, they cause the basilar membrane (BM) that is located in the
inner ear to vibrate. Since each place on the BM is tuned to a specific characteristic frequency
