University of Groningen The anatomy of antonymy Lobanova, Ganna Volodymyrivna

261 Pages·2012·1.25 MB·English

University of Groningen

The anatomy of antonymy
Lobanova, Ganna Volodymyrivna
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Lobanova, G. V. (2012). The anatomy of antonymy: a corpus-driven approach. s.n.
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Download date: 17-03-2023
The Anatomy of Antonymy:
a Corpus-driven Approach
Anna Lobanova
(cid:13)c 2012,AnnaLobanova
ISBN:978-90-367-5875-8(printed)/978-90-367-5874-1(electronic)
Coverimage: TheEyebyYanaFrank
Coverdesign: ElenaMerlo
PrintedbyOffPage
RIJKSUNIVERSITEITGRONINGEN
The Anatomy of Antonymy:
a Corpus-driven Approach
Proefschrift
terverkrijgingvanhetdoctoraatinde
WiskundeenNatuurwetenschappen
aandeRijksuniversiteitGroningen
opgezagvande
RectorMagnificus,dr. E.Sterken,
inhetopenbaarteverdedigenop
vrijdag30november2012
om11:00uur
door
GannaVolodymyrivnaLobanova
geborenop1april1982
teOdessa,Oekraïne
Promotor: Prof. dr. L.C.Verbrugge
Copromotor: Dr. J.K.Spenader
Beoordelingscommissie: Prof. dr. A.Copestake
Prof. dr. A.vandenBosch
Prof. dr. P.Blackburn
Posv(cid:31)waets(cid:31) deduxke Mite i babuxke Ane

Contents
Contents iii
1 Findingoppositesautomatically: introduction 1
1.1 Yinandyang,cucumbersandchillies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Whyisautomaticextractionofoppositesuseful? . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.3 Researchquestions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.4 Dissertationoverview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2 Introducingopposites 9
2.1 Confusionaboutantonymy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.2 Theoreticalviewonantonymy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.3 Corpus-basedapproachestoantonymy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.4 Corpus-drivenresearchinrelationextraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3 Meansofevaluationoffoundpairs 35
3.1 Evaluationmethodsusedinrelationextraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
4 Performanceoftextualpatternsforfindingopposites 47
4.1 Inspirationsforthepresentstudy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
iii
iv CONTENTS
4.2 Assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
4.3 Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
4.4 Resultsforthecorpusofnewspapertexts-TwNC . . . . . . . . . . . 61
4.5 Resultsforthecorpusofencyclopaediatexts-Wikipedia . . . . . . . 109
4.6 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
5 Performanceofpart-of-speechpatternsforfindingopposites 121
5.1 Inspirationsforthepresentstudy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
5.2 Assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
5.3 Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
5.4 Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
5.5 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
6 Performanceofdependencypatternsforfindingopposites 171
6.1 Inspirationsforthepresentstudy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
6.2 Assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
6.3 Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
6.4 Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
6.5 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
7 Discussion 215
7.1 Thebestperformingmethod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
7.2 Automaticallyfoundopposites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
7.3 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
Publications 229
Bibliography 231
EnglishSummary 239
NederlandseSamenvatting 245
Acknowledgements 253
1
CHAPTER
Finding opposites automatically: introduction
1.1 Yin and yang, cucumbers and chillies
In the first episode of the TV-show Chinese Food Made Easy presenter Ching-He
HuangexplainsthephilosophyofyinandyanginrelationtoChinesecultureingeneral
and Chinese cooking in particular. “In Chinese philosophy”, says Huang, “there are
two opposing forces, yin and yang, and the Chinese try to live by a balance of these
forces”. Sheillustratesyinandyangbymeansofexampleslikelight-dark,male-fe-
male,cold-hot. InrelationtocookingHuangexplainsthatallingredientshaveeither
yinoryangqualitiesandtheunderlyingideaistobalancethetwoinone’sdiet. Wa-
termelons,cucumbersandradishesareallinstancesofcoolingyinfoodswhileginger,
garlic and chillies are all instances of heating yang foods and a proper Chinese dish
wouldcontainaperfectbalanceofthetwo.
Wewillrefertowordslikecold-hot,dark-light,large-small,man-woman,buy-
sellandotherpairsthatexpresstheoppositeofeachotherasopposites. Theopposites
willbethemainfocusofthisdissertation.
The goal of the work presented in this dissertation is three-fold. First of all, we
propose and test three pattern-based methods for finding opposites automatically.
1