Table Of ContentATIONAL STUDIES IN
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Universities and the
Public Sphere
Knowledge Creation
and State Building in the
Era of Globalization
EDITED BY
BRIAN PUSSER, KEN KEMPNER,
SIMON MARGINSON, IMANOL ORDORIKA
AND
Universities and the Public Sphere
Universities have been propelled into the center of the global political
economy of knowledge production by a number of factors: mass education,
academic capitalism, the globalization of knowledge, the democratization of
communication in the era of the Internet, and the emergence of the knowledge
and innovation economy. The latest book in the International Studies in Higher
Education series, Universities and the Public Sphere addresses the vital role of
research universities as global public spheres, sites where public interaction,
conversation, and deliberation take place, where the nature of the State and
private interests can be openly debated and contested. At a time of increased
privatization, open markets, and government involvement in higher education,
the book also addresses the challenges facing the university in its role as a
global public sphere.
In this volume, international contributors challenge prevalent views of the
global marketplace to create a deeper understanding of higher education’s role
in knowledge creation and nation building. In nearly every national context,
the pressures of globalization, neoliberal economic restructuring, and new
managerial imperatives challenge traditional norms of autonomy, academic
freedom, access, and affordability. The authors in Universities and the Public
Sphere argue that universities are uniquely suited to have transformative
democratic potential as global public spheres.
Brian Pusser is Associate Professor of Higher Education in the Center for the
Study of Higher Education, Curry School of Education, University of Virginia.
Ken Kempner is Professor of Education and International Studies and former
Dean of Social Sciences at Southern Oregon University.
Simon Marginson is Professor of Higher Education in the Centre for the Study
of Higher Education at the University of Melbourne.
Imanol Ordorika is a Professor at the Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas
at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
International Studies in Higher Education
Series Editors:
David Palfreyman, OxCHEPS
Ted Tapper, OxCHEPS
Scott Thomas, Claremont Graduate University
The central purpose of this series is to see how different national and regional
systems of higher education are responding to widely shared pressures
for change. The most significant of these are rapid expansion, reducing
public funding, the increasing influence of market and global forces, and
the widespread political desire to integrate higher education more closely
into the wider needs of society and, more especially, the demands of the
economic structure. The series will commence with an international
overview of structural change in systems of higher education. It will then
proceed to examine on a global front the change process in terms of topics
that are both traditional (for example, institutional management and system
governance) and emerging (for example, the growing influence of international
organizations and the blending of academic and professional roles). At its
conclusion the series will have presented, through an international perspective,
both a composite overview of contemporary systems of higher education and
the competing interpretations of the process of change.
Published titles:
Structuring Mass Higher Education
The Role of Elite Institutions
Edited by David Palfreyman and Ted Tapper
International Perspectives on the Governance of Higher Education
Steering, Policy Processes, and Outcomes
Edited by Jeroen Huisman
International Organizations and Higher Education Policy
Thinking Globally, Acting Locally?
Edited by Roberta Malee Bassett and Alma Maldonado
Academic and Professional Identities in Higher Education
The Challenges of a Diversifying Workforce
Edited by Celia Whitchurch and George Gordon
International Research Collaborations
Much to Be Gained, Many Ways to Get in Trouble
Melissa S. Anderson and Nicholas H. Steneck
Cross-border Partnerships in Higher Education
Strategies and Issues
Robin Sakamoto and David Chapman
Accountability in Higher Education
Global Perspectives on Trust and Power
Bjorn Stensaker and Lee Harvey
The Engaged University
International Perspectives on Civic Engagement
David Watson, Susan E. Stroud, Robert Hollister, and Elizabeth Babcock
Universities and the Public Sphere
Knowledge Creation and State Building in the Era of Globalization
Edited by Brian Pusser, Ken Kempner, Simon Marginson, and Imanol Ordorika
Universities and the
Public Sphere
Knowledge Creation and State Building
in the Era of Globalization
Edited by Brian Pusser, Ken Kempner,
Simon Marginson, and Imanol Ordorika
First published 2012
by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017
Simultaneously published in the UK
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2012 Taylor & Francis
The right of Brian Pusser, Ken Kempner, Simon Marginson, and Imanol
Ordorika to be identified as authors of the editorial material, and of the authors
for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77
and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or
utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now
known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in
any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing
from the publishers.
Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered
trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent
to infringe.
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Universities and the public sphere / edited by Brian Pusser … [et al.].
p. cm. — (International studies in higher education)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Education, Higher—Economic aspects—Cross-cultural studies.
2. Education and globalization—Cross-cultural studies.
3. Privatization in education—Cross-cultural studies.
4. Critical pedagogy. 5. Neoliberalism. I. Pusser, Brian.
LC67.6.U57 2011 2011003453
338.4´3378—dc22
ISBN: 978-0-415-87847-0 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-0-203-84784-8 (ebk)
Typeset in Minion
by HWA Text and Data Management, London
Printed in the USA
Contents
List of Illustrations ix
Series Editors’ Introduction xi
Acknowledgments xiv
1 Introduction and Overview of the Book 1
BRIAN PUSSER, KEN KEMPNER, SIMON MARGINSON,
AND IMANOL ORDORIKA
2 The “Public” Contribution of Universities in an
Increasingly Global World 7
SIMON MARGINSON
3 Power and Authority in the Creation of a Public Sphere
Through Higher Education 27
BRIAN PUSSER
4 The Global Sorting Machine: An Examination of Neoracism
Among International Students and Postdoctoral Researchers 47
JENNY J. LEE AND BRENDAN CANTWELL
5 Reconsidering the Realities of the International Student
Market: A Perspective from Japan and East Asia 65
AKIYOSHI YONEzAWA AND HUGO HORTA
6 University Rankings, Global Models, and Emerging Hegemony:
Critical Analysis from Japan 81
MAYUMI ISHIKAWA
vii
viii • Contents
7 The Corporatization of National Universities in Finland 101
JUSSI VäLIMAA
8 Negotiating Race and Gender Identity in the Knowledge Age:
The Case of South African Universities 121
REITUMETSE OBAKENG MABOKELA
9 The Broken Promise of Neoliberal Restructuring of
South African Higher Education 139
IVOR BAATJES, CAROL ANNE SPREEN, AND SALIM VALLY
10 Higher Education and the Public Sphere in Angola 159
KEN KEMPNER AND ANA JUREMA
11 Selling Out Academia? Higher Education, Economic Crises,
and Freire’s Generative Themes 179
GREG WILLIAM MISIASzEK, LAUREN ILA JONES,
AND CARLOS ALBERTO TORRES
12 Post-Neoliberalism: The Professional Identity of Faculty
Off the Tenure Track 197
JOHN S. LEVIN, GENEVIEVE SHAKER, AND RICHARD WAGONER
13 The Chameleon’s Agenda: Entrepreneurial Adaptation of
Private Higher Education in Mexico 219
ROBERTO RODRíGUEz GóMEz AND IMANOL ORDORIKA
List of Contributors 243
Index 247
Illustrations
Tables
5.1 Study and work experience abroad during and after
five years of study among university graduates 77
7.1 The number of the most relevant words found in the Act
and the background memos of the Universities Act 558/2009 110
12.1 University faculty in U.S. 202
13.1 Examples of private regional higher education
systems in Mexico 233
13.2 Enrollment and undergraduate programs accreditation
in selected private universities, 2008–2009 234
13.3 Enrollment and undergraduate programs
accreditation by institutional type in public and
private sectors 2008–2009 236
Figures
11.1 Generative themes 187
13.1 Higher education enrollment growth in Mexico 227
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