United States Participation in the United Nations...A Report by the President to Congress for the Year 1996...United States Department of State

131 Pages·1996·9.8 MB·English

by  United States Department of State

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A Reportb y the
_ President to Congress
United States
Participation
in the United Nations
Report by the President
to the Congress
for the year 1996
we An mean «me ee |
Contents
ID GIEEP UREN TPUNEIIID coccicssseninnnnnccnnsnicsssessscensececenescnsasencescenesosseseeee vii
Part 1. Political and Security Affairs
PUNIIUINED EINE <scccccsncesescesesnessseccnssseunessensesesessenescessesceasesesocsssesseeseoeseese l
Middle Bast .........ccc0cscs0ss pustsnenennabionescenesnanansseenescassessesenseneesensssesasoses |
Seaton im the DEGdhe Bast ..........0ccccccecccccccsscsccsecsccssecscecssocsees l
eT cnccisniintnnenseennesintshennensdbubinesenctsenente l
UN Disengagement Observer Force ....0............cccccccceeeeneeeeeeeees 2
UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the
PEE EIS dtncsnesesnsnsticnennnscnseunsesctnecsenssccncscenesennenascensnssoensssesensene 2
TIT <ccassccsscsssssocsssesessnssesnsosssenssessenssssesessssossossessesssecsosssooossocoosoese 2
GREEEED ccccnssccccccscsensessennsessstssnnsansnscncensonsssnaneccescescoeseeseesescnesoessensosssees 3
FARIIOEB 2n<c0.cccecsessessreseseessessnssnesssoccsonsoceescosssossscssocssosesesoosssoesossess 3
HPUIIIINIEE ceccocssscccecnsnesncosencncsnsocsensnssseascencsnnssseseuceneesenenstecnesensasess 4
EATEIINEED cxcesceccccsennsvesessencsnsnenensesessnncenneensnceessesonesensenesessessseenceoses 5
GATED cecocsscesssescsosesneseesssesssussocnessescesencesceencasesssscoessnsasossenssoonsecese 6
SUMED <eccsctccncecnsencsnnsesecsenessensessssenesenesescesscsennenecseccscsocoeessnesonts 6
SPUIIEEEN SEMEN ccncstecrcsecencscssencssesnssenseenecensecsnscncesessncnscsusnesionsse 7
TEU) ccnsccesdecenssccsesensseece. cesnssennnnscsscssssanececseenscesnseenscocsosocoesecceseete &
WORREEE BEOUEIIIOID occcsscscssscssscsccesssscnsccecsescocnsccesnesesscocsosscsesoeseosses 8
SRUIIIEED GUEIEEEIND cncsicscnsenscncsensnnssscnesscnemecennesecesbencenesenensensentessenn’ &
RATIO cnsccccocssessesscnsssoscescnesvesesessessssssesnccesscecocsecncnssssncssesnssoeseese )
TUUIEED cescncencsennsscssansesssussnecsocnnsnsesessetessesnesssensescssecsnecocnccsecessaeeese 10
GEIIED GRIUIED ccccrscncncsccnsncsosncnnccsnsscsssscsnsescesesenesnnscencscsecoescncencesenetes 11
GFURETEEINTED cccccsscscescetscssnccsnscenccsceessescenesesenscseencseqnenenesoosessenesse 1]
CPIIITED cccsasecescessscoscesesessssnesnescconecsenscessecsessecessssescssosssocsssossesssee 1]
CEB TIIID cceccsccscsccesosscssesssesocsenssnesnescssccessescecsssnssncsesouscocsssoesssseese 12
UUM SEEEINEEEINND cossescossnecensensscsnssensnessenseseencssssseseesencesessnesesen 13
TRIED coccccccsccccscs, cosvcvessccecessesseses ssnoceneseosenssnessesenscooccssecesse 13
PUUEEEED WUNOEEIIUED cocccssscczcescccsecscesensnssnescnsesesnescsesosnenecossesseee 13
POCIEE FORRES BRBIGB osccccsesccsscsscscccccsccessecscnssesnessecessesesssscssossossessese 15
International Peace and Security .............cccccccccscseeeeseeeeneeeeennnvees 15
EN SOTONETY GEGRBITE cccecccscsscsesssscessseseesescesescseccessencsnscsccssesseseecsse 17
PEEEININS MIDUIOD cccccecccsasscocsensssscnecenensesnssssecssnetsescnecsnssesssessesqunsseess 17
SIS CRIIIIOD cccccocscccsccsccscscnccsescsscevssescsseneccnscseeneseste 17
CSEIIOED GE BRUNEI ccccececsscccsccnccscssscssessssesesssssssssosesseoeses 18
PEs CTMEINDD ccscescsccesessssssecnsescsescesssseocsecsesssessessesssesssnssoesssoessses 18
SIE BITES ccccncsscscocscssssssasssccssessesccnnessesnnsenesnasescsscnessteensssezccseneesessees 19
Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space ........................ 19
TT GE GD TI ccncecescccscsscsesscccssccccssssscssseccsssccszecnsssesnseseccnoenssseseses 20
Non-Self-Goverming Territories 2..............ccccccccecsecsseeeeeeeeeeeeeneeees 20
Part 2. Reform of the UN System
23
STNETY GRBTUIE ccccscescesssssssssssscscseesessescnscecnscsesessescssceeesescsssocosssessees 23
UII dusiutensunensaensecnsvenssnsesinseunssensensennnsntucensnenecanensntensassacscnicnenestense 24
PII ccecocsscccsrcscsscssrscesscesescensecce<esnessencescvensessssossoesseccssesese-cones 24
Sinn IID ss cnesesnneinsnehansnnenneneinednsannsenskenetneseneesenes 25
Specialized Agencies and Programs ..0.0.................c0ccecceeseseeseneneeeneees 26
MII GENIE cccensccnssscscnscenseccenssscszscsnesoceuecencnssccsscstoesecoenee 27
Part 3. Economic and Development Affairs
Economic and Development Activities ..0............ccccccccccceeseeeeeeeneeeeees 29
Regional Economic CommMissions ................ccccccccceeceeseesseeeeseeseeneerenee 30
Economic Commission for Burope ..................cccccccesseeeeeeeeenennenes 3
Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific ....... 31
Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean .... 32
Economic and Development Bodies and Programs .......................... 32
SIS COED FUUIIOED ceccccsscecescccsenesesessnsesssescsncnecnssesssnesesseces 32
UN Children’s Fund ................. senduinneasennnneneeannnetensenenenesensennnentaten 33
UN FOUIRIIOR FIRS occcccccsccscsscscsccscccccecesccsscvecsccsscssescsocossoeossesoeees Ad
UN Commission on Human Settlements .0000.0............0...ccccccccceees 35
UN Commission on Sustainable Development .......................... %6
UN Conference on Trade and Development .00..0...........c.cccccceee0es 37
Part 4. Human Rights and Social Issues
SENG GERAIS ccccccccecscsesnsscenecccscnscescsssssecocscsscnessesessescssesenessssessescseseeese 39
Subcommission on the Prevention of Discrimination and
PUCRUIIIO GE TGIOIIOD cccccccssccccsccscscseccccsescssesescsscscssensevesescssenes 40
I I cecnecesnesanscsscsssnsscsscncescnnserecsenscssecssceserenessencsenenees 40
UTED GE TD cccccsecesensecsecesccssescsccscssesesenssessscsssssssnssscsssococnsecenesceses 4)
Commisosn tiheo Stnat us Of Women .0..0...........ccccccccccceeeesseeenees 41
Economic and Social Council Consideration ................cccccceeeees 42
General Assembly Consideration ..............cccccccccceceeesensseesennnnnes 42
Crime Prevention afd COmtr0l ........0:.cccccoscsssssssessesssesessesessessssssssosees 43
DG ABBR CCRIIGE cccccsccesssceccsssscsssccssccscccsscocnscvecseseocsssnecseosscsscseeseees 43
Coordinating UN Disaster Relief and Humanitarian Assistance ...... 44
Economic and Social Council Consideration ..0............ccccccccceees 45
General Assembly Consideration ...............0..cccccccccceeeeesseneeeeeeenees 45
EREERED CUED cccnccseccsscsssecsssscscsnsscsssscesssessnesoenessessssesssessssensesesssscosteeees 46
WETS FCG FUCG IEE ccccccsccsescsscsessssssesescccsesccneseenessessocsscssensscsssseseeseoes 47
UN High Commissioner for Refugees ..............cccccccccseeseeeeseeeeneenenee 48
BASSIV S CORMIIED ATER cccccccsescccecscccssccscsscscsessessssescssccsscstooes 48
General Assembly Comsideration .................cccccccccccecseeeeeeeeneenenes 49
WONG III |c eccnascescocescnesncessssnessssnessssesnesensesssessssccsessseenece 49
Part 5. Science, Technology and Research
SIS URTUIEIIES FURIE ccccscccssasssccessesccscssescessesnsssessescneensscnscnescsseses 51
UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation ......... 53
Part 6. Legal Developments
SET IEEE GE GREET ccnccesscnccnccnsncscanenedocnosesseecnsonsscnsenemensson SO
IIIT IY CIID‘ cccnscncsssnnesneuncsonssnnanenenseseusccenadeeneenenséns 57
UN Commission on International Trade Law 20.0.0..00......cccccccceseeees 57
UN ModeLawl o n Electronic Commerce .0.............ccccccceceseneeeees 58
UNCTTRAL “Notes” on Organizing Arbitral Proceedings ......... 58
Draft UN Model Law on Cross-Border Insoivency .................... 58
Draft Convention on Accounts Receivable Financing ................ 58
POD WE cenasencscscsnnscssencecsscesennsesstennsccescescsesncsenneccntenencsentensenesee 59
DURPUGEEEEEID TAINS cossceccsessscssnsssscenssensssnceecnnntenssescesnsecsecnsees 59
Be Ge ED IED cccncsccscnsncsscccnscossccscsunsenenccnensneccenetsenscecsse 60
SUOSS COSUITY TOGEIIOMD ccccccscecsscssseccecssccssssssessesenessesseessessescecsessssseceses 61
SRETEIOIITS WOUUIEEED coscscccsnsensescesscsscsesesccnscecessecsssscsecncsecnsessenosecese 61
Strengthening the Role of the United Natioms 20...0............ccccccceeees 62
International Criminal Tribunals for Rwanda and the Former
WETTIG ccsccssescesssesessssssosssssensssescecnescnesvsscssesescescsessensecssessesesssececnes 62
Part 7. Administration and Budget
Current Financial Crisis of the United Nations 2.000.000.0000... 65
IES BIUIIIIS coccccccsccccsescscesnsssnscresesnssssnscessenesseosescscnecsonecessessonescesesesseceese 66
PGR TRAEIIGTEB ceccsceccesssssceseesecesscnecsscscecnsevenscvessensocesceseecscseceesesecoossceeses 67
Financing Peacekeeping Operations ................cccccccceseeseeseeseseeeeneenenes 68
ED GE GRID ccrenesesncnnnsesssssssnesscssnncccensecscssescssceesncocecnscnenseneees 69
C.. mmittee for Program and Coordination ...0............ccccccccccsecseeeeeees 70
DORE TREOCTIOR TIMER ccccccescsccscscsecscscescssccesncccssessscnsescesessssencecssesesseseces 71
International Civil Service COMMISSION 2.0..0..0........ccccccececeeeeeeeeeeenees 72
Human Resources Management ..............00ccssersesesseeeesererenseneeeeenes 72
Bamployement Of AmRGTiCORS .....0..10.0c.cccsscsscscessesssescsseseosessecscosessnessoosre s7 3
Part 8. Specialized Agencies and Other Bodies
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAQ) .............ccccccccesseeeeeeeeees 77
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) ...0.............cccccccceeeeees 78
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) ..0...............00000 79
International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) ............... 80
International Labor Organization (ILO) .............ccccccccccecseseesereeneennees 81
International Maritime Organization (IMO) 20.0..............cccccccceeeseeees 83
International Monetary Fund (IMP) ...................cccccccceeseesseeseeeeeeeevees R4
International Telecommunication Union (TTU) .0...........cccccccceeeseeees R4
BW GUIEED ceccesecsessnsssssnessensnsssensnsnsenstenensssersenssesnenensensecnscseenecenee 85
World Telecommunications Standardization Conference ........... 85
World Telecommunication Policy Forum 20............0.cccccccecceeeeees 85
SID GUD ctsensensssccesnensntsnnncnsenstsnnsnenseseanenesscscnennenesnescnecnencsssscsseneest 86
UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) . 86
UN industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) ...................... 88
TURIN CINE Gindecscssnneseenmensecenesscscnseentoenescesnvennenenet &8
Ps GD CIUTIIITS cccncecsercnscccnsesccessesssscsscassssessencesesccseseset 88
IED Ge GRRIEIIIOED cccccccescsccncossessnsenssnessanenescsstsossnssensessnense 89
UU CIID cxtncissccoceconscscnsoconsnczsnsensensssnsnessoonsesensonscosnsnscseiosnes 89
World Health Organization (WHO) 2.0..0.0..0..0...ccccccccccccccceesseesneennennes 90
Pan American Health Orgamization 000.00.0.............ccccccccccesseeeeneeens 92
International Agency for Research on Cancer .00..........cccccccceees 92
PUNUEEIED cscensscncsssccesccascenscesessencssnssenceeseasensenenstsctenassecesnescsnsnenetets 92
World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) ....................... 93
FEEIOO GEIIIOED |c ccnccccescncnszcescsscccssessnsnssnessesceccnenenncees 94
SEEIEED CABEUOUINID <ceccscsssscsncocsccncccsnesnsnessnsnsensesenesceneseeseteneets 44
WORTB OP CIEE ccczsssccncocsecscecsscsecsesensesssesnsccnscsessescseeneees 94
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) 0.00....0.......cccccccceeeeees 94
World Trade Organization (WTO) ...........ccccccssseeeeseenensesenenennnnnes 95
Appendices
1. Address by President William J. CUI 0000... ccccccscseceneennenes 97
2. Principal Organs of the United Nations .0.0.00.0.....0..cccccccccceseeeeneenens 103
GUNS RGR |c ccsncccsscnecscscsccsccescenceccscncencssssccsccesesensesessensenesensnecs 103
ODI COSTES ccocecnccsesscsececssecsecscsssnseccscocncsscncesessssessnsceessenenecenesses 106
TIRED CBUIIITE cccccccecccsscesscrscrececesscnsssesecenseccsssenescescecsssscssenssenees 106
TD Ge I GIT ccsnsscnccnscecsccensccesscscnssvescescnsescccsscscsennes 106
OTITIS CRUE GE FETED ccccsccccccocescscesscescssccescsencescsenscnensenesenees 106
hs CRIS ERIRED TRTIUIITIITIGUD ccccnscsssccccsscsescesessessesscesescsssecnssscsscscsennee 109
Fee CRUMIIES RGGI ccsccccsccsccccecessscsesscsccesecsesseseseesescssensssecessenesesnes 109
I GIG GERIOE TIGTIGD ccsccsccsscccccsesescccesssececssssescescsssocscssescnseten 109
OUTII COTTE ceccscsscsssssecescecsscscecsssenscecescenesssscnsnsssessescssnsessssesenentes 119
TRIN RTD COURRTE ccccecsececsecscssrssessvesssnescsenscsensesesnenesessenessssesecsesesses 110
Economic and Social Council and Related Bodies ...................... 110
PU GIUEEEEOEIND ceccsecsssscssssesscensccssessssssessessecsecnersencseetts 110
Regional Economic COMMISSIONS ...0..0.....0ccccccceceeeceeseneererenenes 11
GIN cocsccsccsssazscsseennensesnscsencesesesseeenscssssenenenesstins 111
Specialized Agencies and Other Bodies senesnecessonsnossenessonenscocsnesesssses 112
U.S. Permanent Representatives to the United Nations
SIDER BIUD OD BODO cocccsccsssesscecsesecsscscsscscscscenessescsnesenesssnsssenesscnenseeee 113
III cxssecosscsncnsmnsstncnnsonsnnananenssnnssssesustncensnennennsamsssentnentnamemmensetiiities 115
Acronyms and Short Forms
Advisory Committee on Administrative and
Budgetary Questions
ACC Administrative Committee on Coordination
ASEAN Association of South East Asian Nations
Special Committee on the Situation with
Regard to the Implementation of the
Declaration on the Granting of
Independence to Colonial Countries
and Peoples
Conference on Disarmament
Committee on the Elimination of
Discrimination Against Women
Commonwealth of Independent States
Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer
Space
Commission on Sustainable Development
Commission on the Status of Women
Economic Commission for Africa
Economic Commission for Europe
Economic Commission for Latin America
and the Caribbean
Economic and Social Council
Economic and Social Commission for Asia
and the Pacific
Economic and Social Commission for
Western Asia
European Union
Food and Agriculture Organization
Group of 7
Group of 77
UN Center for Human Settlements
International Atomic Energy Agency
International Bank for Reconstruction
and Development
International Civil Aviation Organization
International Court of Justice
International Committee of the Red Cross
International Civil Service Commission
International Development Association
International Fund for Agricultural
Development
International Pinance Corporation
International Law Commission
International Labor Organization
International Monetary Fund
International Maritime Organization
International Research and Training Institute
for the Advancement of Women
Intergovernmental Organization for
Migration
International Telecommunication Union
Joint Inspection Unit
UN Mission for the Ref -rendum in
Western Sahara
Non-Aligned Movement
North Aiantic Treaty Organization
Nongovernmental Organization
Organization of American States
Organization of African Unity
Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Development
Office of Internal Oversight Services
UN Observer Mission in El Salvador
Organization on Security and Cooperation in
Europe
Palestine Liberation Organization
UN Angola Verification Mission III
UN Conference on Environment and
Development
UN Commission on International Trade Law
UN Conference on Trade and Development
UN Disarmament Commission
UN International Drug Control Program
UN Disengagement Observer Force
UN Development Program
UN Environment Program
UN Educational, Scientific and
Cultural Organization
UN Force in Cyprus
UN Population Fund
Office of the UN High Commissioner
for Refugees
UN Human Rights Commission
UN Children's Fund
UN Industria!) Development Organization
UN Development Fund for Women
UN Interim Force in Lebanon
UN Irag-Kuwait Observation Mission
UN Institute for Training and Research
UN Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina
UN Mission in Haiti
UN Military Observer Group in India
and Pakistan
UN Mission of Observers in Previaka
UN Mission of Observe:s 19 Tajikistan
UN Observer Mission in Georgia
UN Observer Mission in Liberia
UN Preventive Deployment Force
UN Relief and Works Agency for
Palestine Refugees in the Near East
UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of
Atomic Radiation
UN Transitional Admini«<cation for Eastern
Slavonia, Baranja anc’ Western Sirmium
UN Truce Supervision Organization
Universal Postal Union
U.S. Agency for International Development
World Food Program
World Health Organization
World Intellectual Property Organization
World Meteorological Organization
World Trade Organization