UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF VIRGINIA ALEXANDRIA

57 Pages·2017·0.26 MB·English

Case 1:08-cv-00827-LMB-JFA Document 639 Filed 08/18/17 Page 1 of 57 PageID# 11438
UNITEDSTATES DISTRICT COURT
FORTHE EASTERNDISTRICT OFVIRGINIA
ALEXANDRIADIVISION
SUHAIL NAJIM )
ABDULLAH AL SHIMARI et al., )
)
Plaintiffs, )
) CaseNo.1:08-cv-827(LMB/JFA)
v. )
)
CACI PREMIERTECHNOLOGY, ) PUBLICVERSION
INC. )
)
Defendant )
)
PLAINTIFFS’MEMORANDUMINOPPOSITIONTO
DEFENDANT CACI PREMIERTECHNOLOGY’S MOTIONTO
DISMISS PLAINTIFFS’THIRDAMENDEDCOMPLAINT
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TABLE OFCONTENTS
Page
INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................................1
STATEMENT OFFACTS............................................................................................................3
A. SevereMistreatment ofSalahAl Ejaili at AbuGhraib............................................3
B. SevereMistreatment of Asa’dAl-Zuba’e at Abu Ghraib........................................7
C. SevereMistreatment ofSuhail Al Shimari at AbuGhraib....................................12
I. SUFFICIENT EVIDENCE OFTORTURE,CIDT ANDWARCRIMES
RENDERS DISMISSAL UNDERTHE POLITICAL QUESTION
DOCTRINE INAPPROPRIATE.......................................................................................16
A. CACIFundamentallyMisunderstands orMisrepresents theTorture,CIDT
andWarCrimes Norms.........................................................................................16
1. TortureandCIDTMust BeAssessedBasedonCumulativeEffect,
Not TacticbyTactic...................................................................................17
2. Torture Includes BothSeverePhysical andMental Harm........................19
3. CACISeeks toRedefine TorturebyAdvancinga Discredited
Standardfor“Severe”PainorSuffering....................................................20
4. CACIMistates theDefinitionofCIDT.....................................................22
5. TortureandCIDTofDetainees AreWarCrimes......................................23
B. TheEvidenceShows EachPlaintiffSufferedTorture,CIDTandWar
Crimes or,at aMinimum,aReasonableJurorCouldso Find...............................24
C. BecauseDefendant’s Conduct Was Unlawful,There Is NoPolitical
Question.................................................................................................................29
II. PLAINTIFFS’THOROUGH ALLEGATIONS STATE APLAUSIBLE
CLAIMTHAT CACI ENGAGEDINACONSPIRACYORAIDED AND
ABETTEDTORTURE,CIDT ANDWARCRIMES.....................................................30
A. CACI’s PriorAttempts toDismiss Plaintiffs’ConspiracyClaims........................31
B. TheTAC States ValidClaims ofCACI’s ConspiracyLiability............................32
1. TheTAC AdequatelyAlleges anUnlawful Agreement............................33
2. TheTAC AdequatelyAlleges CACI’s Intentional Participationin
theConspiracy...........................................................................................34
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Page
3. TheTAC AdequatelyAlleges that theConspiracyHarmed
Plaintiffs.....................................................................................................36
4. TheTAC AdequatelyAlleges CACI’s Corporate Liability......................37
C. CACI’s MotiontoDismiss theAidingandAbettingClaims Also Fails...............40
III. CACI’S PREEMPTIONDEFENSE IS UNAVAILING.................................................41
A. Rule12(g)Waiver..................................................................................................41
B. Plaintiffs’Federal ATS Claims Cannot Be“Preempted”......................................41
1. PreemptionOnlyApplies toState LawClaims.........................................41
2. CPAOrder17Does Not BarPlaintiffs’ ATS Claims................................44
3. TVPADoes Not DisplacetheATS...........................................................44
IV. CACI HAS NO DERIVATIVE IMMUNITY..................................................................45
CONCLUSION............................................................................................................................45
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TABLE OFAUTHORITIES
Page(s)
TABLE OFAUTHORITIES
Page(s)
Cases
Abebe-Jira v.Negewo,
72F.3d844(11thCir.1996).............................................................................................18,28
Ahmedv.Keisler,
504F.3d1183(9thCir.2007).................................................................................................21
Al Shimari v.CACIPremier Tech.,Inc.,
657F.Supp.2d700(E.D.Va.2009),appeal dismissedfor lackof
jurisdiction,679F.3d205(4thCir.2012)...............................................................................41
Al Shimari v.CACIPremier Tech.,Inc.,
758F.3d516(4thCir.2014).........................................................................................1,24,43
Al Shimari v.CACIPremier Tech.,Inc.,
840F.3d147(4thCir.2016)...........................................................................................passim
Al Shimari v.CACIPremier Tech.,Inc.,
No.15-1831(4thCir.Sept.28,2015).....................................................................................18
Al-Quraishi v.Nakhla,
728F.Supp.2d702(D. Md. 2010)...................................................................................23,45
Al-Saher v.INS,
268F.3d1143(9thCir.2001)...........................................................................................18,28
InreAmerican HondaMotor Co.,
958F.Supp.1045(D.Md.1997)............................................................................................40
InreAppleiPhoneAntitrust Litig.,
846F.3d313(9thCir.2017)...................................................................................................41
Ashcroft v.Iqbal,
556U.S.662(2009)...........................................................................................................32,34
Aydinv.Turkey,
No.57/1996/676/866(E.Ct.H.R.Judgment ofSept.25,1997)...............................................28
Aziz v.Alcolac,
658F.3d388(4thCir.2011)...................................................................................................40
iii
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TABLE OFAUTHORITIES
(continued)
Page(s)
Boylev.UnitedTechnologies Corp.,
487U.S.500(1988).................................................................................................................42
Brownv.Gilner,
No.1:10-cv-00980,2012 U.S.Dist. LEXIS 138662(E.D.Va.Sept.25,2012).....................36
Cabellov.Fernandez-Larios,
402F.3d1148(11thCir. 2005)...............................................................................................33
Cai LuanChenv.Ashcroft,
381F.3d221(3dCir.2004).....................................................................................................21
Campbell-EwaldCo.vGomez,
136S.Ct.663(2016)...............................................................................................................45
InreChiquitaBrands Int'l,Inc.AlienTort Statute&S'holder DerivativeLitig.,
792F.Supp.2d1301(S.D.Fla.2011)....................................................................................36
Commercial Business Sys. v.BellsouthServs.,
453S.E.2d261(Va.1995).................................................................................................38,39
Daliberti v.Republicof Iraq,
97F.Supp.2d38(D.D.C.2000).............................................................................................28
Dayv.DBCapital Group,LLC,
No.DKC 10-1658,2011 U.S.Dist. LEXIS 25303 (D.Md. Mar.11,2011)...........................39
Djondav.UnitedStates AG,
514F.3d1168(11thCir. 2008)...............................................................................................21
Doev.DrummondCo.,Inc.,
2010WL9450019(N.D. Ala.Apr.30,2010).........................................................................23
El-Masri v.Former YugoslavRepublicof Macedonia,
E.Ct.H.R,Judgment,Dec.13,2002.........................................................................................23
Goodmanv.PraxAir, Inc.,
494F.3d458(4thCir.2007)...................................................................................................43
Halberstamv. Welch,
705F.2d472(D.C.Cir. 1983).................................................................................................36
Hamdanv.Rumsfeld,
548U.S.557(2006).................................................................................................................23
Heckenlaiblev.Va.PeninsulaReg'l Jail Auth.,
491F.Supp.2d544(E.D.Va.2007)......................................................................................38
iv
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(continued)
Page(s)
Hill v.LockheedMartin Logistics Mgmt.,
354F.2d277(4th Cir.2004) ...................................................................................................39
Kadić v. Karadžić,
70F.3d232(2dCir.1995).......................................................................................................45
Kazemzadehv.UnitedStates AG,
577F.3d1341(11thCir. 2009)...............................................................................................21
InreKBR,Inc.,BurnPit Litig.,
744F.3d326(4thCir.2014).............................................................................................42,43
Kiobel v.Royal DutchPetroleumCo.,
133S.Ct.1659(2013).......................................................................................................32,42
Larsonv.Domestic &ForeignCommerceCorp.,
337U.S.682(1949).................................................................................................................45
LorenDataCorp. v.GXS,Inc.,
No.11-2062,2012U.S.App. LEXIS 26471(4th Cir.Dec.26,2012)....................................35
McGeev.Arkel Int'l,LLC,
671F.3d539(5thCir.2012)...................................................................................................44
Mehinovicv. Vuckovic,
198F.Supp.2d1322(N.D.Ga.2002)....................................................................................29
NorfolkSouthern RyCo.v.Cityof Alexandria,
608F.3d150(4thCir.2010)...................................................................................................41
Oki Semiconductor Co.v. Wells FargoBank,N.A.,
298F.3d768(9thCir.2002)...................................................................................................39
Padillav.Yoo,
678F.3d748(9th Cir.2012) ...................................................................................................21
ThePaqueteHabana,
175U.S.677(1900).................................................................................................................42
Pricev.Socialist People’s LibyanArabJamahiriya,
274F.Supp.2d20(D.D.C.2003)...........................................................................................21
Pricev.Socialist People’s LibyanArabJamahiriya,
384F.Supp.2d120(D.D.C.2005).........................................................................................21
Pricev.Socialist People’s LibyanArabJamahirya,
294F.3d82(D.C.Cir.2002).............................................................................................20,21
v
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TABLE OFAUTHORITIES
(continued)
Page(s)
Prosecutor v.Furundžija,
No. IT-95-17/1-T, Trial Chamber,Dec.10,1998...................................................................28
Prosecutor v.Krnojelac,
CaseNo. IT-97-25-T,Trial Judgment,Mar.15,2002.......................................................18,28
Prosecutor v.Kunarac,
CaseNo. IT-96-23-A,Appeal Judgment,June12,2002.........................................................19
Prosecutor v.Kvocka.,
No. IT-98-30/1-T, Trial Judgment,Nov.2,2001....................................................................18
Robertson v.SeaPines Real EstateCos.,
679F.3d278(4thCir.2012)...................................................................................................32
Salehv.TitanCorp.,
580F.3d1,16(D.C.Cir. 2009) ..............................................................................3,42,43,44
S.AppalachianMt.Stewards v.PennVa.OperatingCo.LLC,
No.2:12CV00020,2013U.S.Dist. LEXIS 457(W.D.Va.Jan.3,2013)...............................34
Smithv.Integral ConsultingServ.,
No.14-cv-3094,2015U.S.Dist.LEXIS 102376(D.Md. July27,2015)........................40,41
Sosa v.Alvarez-Machain,
542U.S.692(2004).....................................................................................................42,43,44
Starr v.SonyBMGMusicEntm't,
592F.3d314(2dCir.2010)...............................................................................................35,36
Stithv.Thorne,
488F.Supp.2d534(E.D.Va.2007)......................................................................................39
Surettev.IslamicRepublicof Iran,
231F.Supp.2d260(D.D.C.2002)...................................................................................18,29
Tatev.Smith,
No.1:14-cv-125,2016U.S.Dist.LEXIS 112102(M.D.N.C.Aug.23,2016).......................41
Tysons Toyotav.GlobeLifeIns. Co.,
Nos. 93-1359,93-1443, 93-1444,1994U.S.App. LEXIS 36692 (4thCir.Dec.
29,1994)............................................................................................................................33,34
Ungar v.IslamicRepublicof Iran,
211F.Supp.2d91(D.D.C.2002)...........................................................................................37
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TABLE OFAUTHORITIES
(continued)
Page(s)
UnitedStates v.Oliver,
No.12-4047,No.12-4052,2013U.S.App. LEXIS 4741(4thCir.Mar.8,
2013)........................................................................................................................................36
UnitedStates v.Stevens,
909F.2d431(11thCir.1990).................................................................................................39
Wag MoreDogs, LLC v.Cozart,
680F.3d359(4thCir.2012)...................................................................................................35
InreXeServs. AlienTort Litig.,
665F.Supp.2d569(E.D.Va.2009)......................................................................................23
Xuncaxv.Gramajo,
886F.Supp.162(D.Mass.1995).....................................................................................18,19
Yearsleyv. W.A.Ross Const.Co.,
309U.S.18(1940)...................................................................................................................45
Yousuf v.Smantar,
2012U.S.Dist. LEXIS 122403(E.D.Va.2012)......................................................................18
Statutes
18U.S.C.§2340......................................................................................................................19,22
18U.S.C.§§2340A.......................................................................................................................22
18U.S.C.§2441(d)(2)(D).............................................................................................................22
2002WarCrimes Act, 18U.S.C.§2441(d)(1)(A)...........................................................19,22,23
Federal Tort Claims Act.....................................................................................................42,43,44
ForeignClaims Act,10 U.S.C.§2734..........................................................................................44
TortureVictim ProtectionAct,28U.S.C.§1350.............................................3,19,20,23,44,45
OtherAuthorities
Adam Liptak,Legal Scholars CriticizeMemos onTorture,
NYTimes, June25,2004........................................................................................................22
Conclusions andRecommendations of theCommitteeAgainst Torture-Israel,
18thSess.,U.N.Doc.A/52/44(Sept.10,1997)................................................................18,26
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(continued)
Page(s)
ConventionAgainst Torture,Art.1(1)(enteredintoforceJune26,1987).............................19,23
CordulaDroege,“’InTruththe Leitmotiv’: TheProhibitionofTortureand Other
Forms of Ill-Treatment in International Humanitarian Law,”
867Int’l Rev.of theRed Cross 515(Sept.2007)..............................................................17-18
CPAOrder17............................................................................................................................3,44
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Law,100Geo. L.J.823(2012)................................................................................................20
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R.Gonzales, Counsel tothePresident Re; Standards ofConduct for
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UseofEnhanced InterrogationTechniques onSuspectedTerrorists, July29,
2009..........................................................................................................................................22
Fed.R.Civ.P.12(g)(2)............................................................................................................40,41
H.R.Rep.No.102-367(1991)......................................................................................................45
H.R.Res. 627,108thCong.(2004)..................................................................................................1
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867Int’l Rev.of theRed Cross 591(Sept.2007)....................................................................20
InterpretativeGuidanceontheNotionofDirect ParticipationinHostilitiesunder
International Humanitarian Law,Nils Melzer, ICRC,May2009...........................................23
JaneMayer, WhoKilledGul Rahman?,NewYorker,Mar.31,2010...........................................27
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Prevention,https://www.cdc.gov/disasters/winter/staysafe/hypothermia.html
(last visitedAug.17,2017)......................................................................................................27
Nigel Rodley,TheTreatment ofPrisoners Under International Law(3ded. 2009).....................19
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E/CN.4/2006/120,¶¶51-52(Feb.27,2006)............................................................................23
Report oftheSpecial RapporteurontheQuestionofTorture,ManfredNowak,
Civil andPolitical Rights,IncludingtheQuestions of TortureandDetention,
U.N.Doc.E.CN.4/2006/6 (Dec.23,2005)...............................................................................24
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(continued)
Page(s)
Restatement (Second)of Torts §876.............................................................................................40
Sheri Fink,Settlement ReachedinC.I.A.TortureCase,
NYTimes, Aug.17,2017........................................................................................................27
S.Rep.No.102-249(1991)...........................................................................................................45
Trial ofTanakaChuici,11 LRTWC 62(AustralianMilitaryCourt,Rabaul, July
12,1946),excerptedin60 International LawStudies, Documents onPrisoners
ofWar344(1979)....................................................................................................................28
U.N.Report onSituationofDetainees at GuantánamoBay,62ndSess.,U.N.Doc.
E/CN.4/2006/120(Feb.27,2006)............................................................................................23
U.N.Special Rapporteur onTortureand OtherCruel InhumanorDegrading
Treatment orPunishment,Manfred Nowak,StudyonthePhenomenonof
Torture,Cruel, Inhuman orDegradingTreatment orPunishment intheWorld,
IncludinganAssessment ofConditions ofDetention,
U.N.Doc.A/HRC/13/39/Add.5(Feb.5,2010)........................................................................19
U.S.DEP’TOFARMY,FIELDMANUAL34-52,INTELLIGENCEINTERROGATION
(Sept.28,1992) .................................................................................................................26,27
WhiteHouse,Press Release,President Bush Meets withAl Arabiya Television
(May5,2004).............................................................................................................................1
WorldWeather InformationService—Baghdad,availableat
http://worldweather.wmo.int/en/city.html?cityId=1464(last visitedAugust 17,
2017)..........................................................................................................................................6
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