United Nations Agenda 21 Programme - Freedom Advocates

300 Pages·2010·6.53 MB·English

stttYr\b
gfi{
AG'ENDA
THE I'NITED NATIONI5
P RO(ERAII'IIVIE (oF ACTT(ON
FROm Rr(O
@

ACENDA 2lz
Progrommoef Actionf or
Sustion obleD evelopment
RIO DECTARAflON
on Environmeonnt d Development
Stotemenotf
FORESTP RINCIPTES
Thef inolt exto f ogreements
negotiotedb y Governments
ot theU nitedN otionsC onferencoen
Environmeonnt d Developme(nUt NCED),
3-14 June1 992,R iod eJ oneiroB, rozil
Moteriocl ontoinedin thisb ooki sn ots ubiectto copyrightl.t moyb e reproducefdo rs trictly
non<ommercioplu rposesp, rovidedo cknowledgemeinst g ivent o theU nitedN otions.
Addresse nquirietso :
ProiecMt onogerf or SustoinoblDee velopmenDt,e portmenotf PublicI nformotion,
Room9 .|032, UnitedN otionsN, ew York,N Y l00lZ, USA Fox l2l2) 963-l l86
ISBN:92-l-100509-4
UnitedN otionsP ublicotions-SolNeos . E.93.1.I1
Publishebdy theU nitedN otionsD eportmenotf PublicIn formotion
Tobleo f Contents
PARAGRAGHS PAGE
Foreword.
I
Introductio..n.. ........
Acronyms 5
RIO D:CIARATIOI{ OI{ E]IYINOililENT AIID DIVE1OPMENT
ACE]IDA 2I: PROGNAftlllE OF ACTloil ;OR SUSIAINAB]E DEYETOPffIENT...... l3
r. Preomble r.6 15
17
2. lnternotionocl ooperotiont o qccelerotes ustoinobled evelopment
in developingc ountrieso nd relotedd omesticp olicies 2.1-2 .43 l9
Combotingp overty.... 3.r-3.r2 27
4. Chongingc onsumptiopno tterns. .... 4.1- 4.27 3l
5. Demogrophidc ynomicso nd sustoinobilit.y.. 5.1- 5.66 35
6. Protectingo nd promotingh umonh eolth 6.1- 6.46 42
7. Promotings ustoinobleh umons ettlemendte velopment. .. 7.1- 7.80 52
8. Integrotinge nvironmenotn d developmenin t decision-mokin.. g. . .... 8.r - 8.54 65
Secllon 2; Conrervcllon ond ilcnngemenl of Resources for Developmenl ... 75
s. Protectioonf the otmosphere...... Y.t- v.J5 77
to Integrotedo pproocht o the plonningo nd monogement
or lond resources. r0.t-r0.'t8 84
tt Combotingd ebrestotion.. . il.t-1r.40 88
i2. Monogingf rogilee cosystems:
Combotingd esertificotioonn d drought... 12.11-2 .63 98
13. Monogingf rogilee cosystems:
Sustoni oble mountoni development. r3.1-r3.24 r09
14. Promotings ustoinobloeg ricultureo nd rurold evelopment 14.1-1 4.104 114
15. Conservotiono f biologicold iversity t5.t-15.11 131
16. Environmentolslyo undm onogemenot f biotechnology.. 16.1-1 6.46 136
17. Protectiono f the oceons,o ll kindso f seos,i ncludinqe nclosed
ond semi-enclosesde os,o nd coostolo reoso nd thJ protection,
rotionolu seo nd developmenot f their living resources 17.11- 7.137 147
PARAGRAPHS PAGE
i8 Protectioonf theq uolityo nd supplyo f fresh*oterr esources:
Applicotioror f integrotecoJp oroochesto thec jevelopmenr,
mCInogerneonntd useo f woterr esources
r8 .t - 18.90 166
t9 Environmentoslloyu ndm onoqemenotf toxicc hemicols
includingp reventioonf illego[internotiontrool ffici n
toxico nd dongerousp roducts
19.11- 9.76
24. En vir onme ntoIl y soundm- on ogemenot f hozor dousw ostes,
includingp reventioonf illegoiln ternotionotrlo ffici n
hozordousw ostes
20.1-20.46
11 Environmenioslloyu ndm onoqemenotf soiidw ostes
onol sew'oge-rretoter dt ssu. es v
21.12 1.49 206
ll Sofe ond environmentollys ound rnonogemento f rodiooctivew ostes 22.12 2.9 tt3
Section 3: Strengthening the Role of Molor Groups
217
23 Preomble
23.12_3 .4 219
)A Globolo ctionf or woment owordss ustoinobioen d
equitobled euelopment.....
24.1-24.12 220
25 Childreno nd youthi n sustoinobdlee velopment
25.1-25.17 224
26 Reco.gnizinogn d s'trengtheninthge roleo f indigenousp eople
ondt heirc ommunities^....
26.12 6.9 227
l/ Strengtheninthge r oleo f ,non,-governmeonrtoglo nizotions:
!-orfnertso r sustorn obled evelopment
27.12-7 .13 230
2B Locool uthoritiesin' itiotiveisn supporot f Agendo2 j .... 28.1-28.7 233
29. sirengthenintgh er oieo f workerso nd theirt rodeu nions 29.12-9 1 4 235
30 Strengtheninthge r oleo f businesosn d industry
30.r-30.30 237
31. Scientifoicn dt echnologiccoolm munity.......
3t.r-31.12 240
Strengtheninthge r oleo f formers......
32.1-32.14 243
Sectlon 4: Meons of lmplemenlalion
247
33 Finonciorle sourceosn d mechonisms
33.r 33.21 249
34 Tronsfeor f environmentolslyo undt echnologyc,o operotion
ondc opociry-building.......
34.1-34.29 257
35 Sciencefo r sustoinobldee velopment.
JJ. I- JJ.ZJ 257
36. Promotinegd ucctionp, ublico worenesosn d troining......
36.1 36.27 264
J/ Notionolm echonismosn d internotionocol operotiofno r
copocif-buildinign developincgo untrie.s.. .
37.13-7 .13 270
38 Internoiionoinl stitutionoorl rongements.
38.t - 38.45 274
39 internotionolel goli nstrumenotsn d mechonism.s 39t.- 39.t 0 t6 l
4a !nforrnotiofonr d ecision-moking...,..
40.r 40.30 284
SIATEMENT OF FOREST PRINCIPTES
389
Foreword
Humanity today is in the midst of a profound civilizational change.T here are signs of
it everywhere,a nd for the thousandso f dedicatedp eople who were involved in that
extraordinary event at Rio a year ago-indeed, for all the people of the globe-they
are exhilarating,u plifting signs.
While it is still too early to provide a preciselyc alibratedm easureo f the ultimate
successo f the Earth Summit, I believe it has ignited a wildfire of interesta nd support
at every level of society in every corner of the planet. Since last June,t here has been a
profusion of conferences,s eminars,s ymposiaa nd other organizedc olloquieso f
major sectoralg roups.I ndustrialists,e conomists,f inanciers,e ngineers,s cientists-
those who, in truth, hold the leverso f economicp ower and change-have joined the
constituencyo f earneste nvironmentalistsi n a commitment to the fulfilment of the
hopesa nd aspirationse ngenderedb y Rio.
In short, the movement to turn the world from its self-consumptivec ourset o one
of renewal and sustenanceh as unmistakablys preadf rom the grassr oots to the brass
roots. The Declaration of Rio and its Agenda 2l actronp rogramme are now, it seems
clear,o n everyone'sa genda.
But this discerniblei ncreasei n momentum is still only a beginning,a lbeit a highly
encouragingo ne. The economic gulfs which lie within and among the world's
peoplesa nd nationsn ot only remain, but are daily deepening.H unger and poverty-
which are both a causea nd an effect of global environmental degradation- are still
appallingly pervasivei n the developingw orld, where population growth compounds
the problems of alleviating them. Industrial countriesc ontinue to be addictedt o the
patternso f production and consumptionw hich have so largely producedt he major
risks to the global environment.
Though in the aftermath of Rio there is a heighteneda warenesso f, and debate
over, the compelling needsf or action,t here is not yet a concerteda nd decisive
responset o the magnitudea nd urgency of the task. Nor do we possessd etailed
specificationsf or the tools we will need to forge this secondi ndustrial revolution-
this eco-revolutiont hat is essentiali n order to shift the world onto a new pathway to a
more secure,s ustainablea nd equitablef uture.
There is much to be done. And I look to the new United Nations Commissiono n
SustainableD evelopmentt o be the focal point for the massivee ffort neededt o create
the new era of internationalc ooperation,t he new global partnership,t hat will make
this shift possible.
zZa;
MouriceF .S trong,S ecretory-Generol
UnitedN otionsC onferencoen Environmenotn d Development

Introduction
Agenda 2I-a programmeo f action for sustainabled evelopmentw orldwide, the Rio
Declarationo n Environment and Development,a nd the statemento f principlesf or the
sustainablem anagemento f forestsw ere adoptedb y more than 178 Governmentsa t
the United Nations Conferenceo n Environment and Development,k nown as the
Earth Summit,h eld in Rio de Janeiro,Brazil,f rom 3 to l4 June 1992.
Togethert hey fulfil the mandateg iven to the Conferenceb y the United Nations
GeneralA ssembly when, in 1989,i t called for a global meetingt o devisei ntegrated
strategiest hat would halt and reverset he negativei mpact of human behaviouro n the
physical environmenta nd promote environmentallys ustainablee conomic develop-
rnenti n all countries.
The agreementsw, hich were negotiatedo ver two and a half yearsl eading up to
the Surnmit and finalized in Rio, are presentedh ere in final form. While they lack the
force of internationall aw. the adoptiono f the texts carriesw ith it a strong moral
obligation to ensuret heir full implementation.
Agenda 21 standsa s a comprehensiveb lueprint for action to be taken globally-
from now into the twenty-first century-by Governments,U nited Nations organiza-
tions, developmenta gencies,n on-governmentalo rganizationsa nd independent-sector
groups,i n every areai n which human activity impacts on the environment.
The Agenda shouldb e studiedi n conjunction with both the Rio Declaration-
which provides a context for its specific proposals-and the statemento f forest prin-
ciples. It is hoped that the forest principles will form the basisf or a f-uturei nternation-
al-levela greement.
Underlying the Earth Summit agreementsis the idea that humanity has reacheda
turning point. We can continue with presentp olicies which are deepeninge conomic
divisionsw ithin and betweenc ountries-which increasep overty,h unger,s ickness
and illiteracy and causet he continuing deteriorationo f the ecosystemo n which life
on E,arthd epends.
Or we can changec ourse.W e can act to improve the living standardso f those
who are in need.W e can better managea nd protect the ecosystema nd bring about a
rnore prosperousf uture for us all. No nation can achievet his on its own. Togetherw e
can-in a global partnershipf or sustainabled evelopment.
Central to that partnershipw ill be the United Nations Commissiono n Sustainable
Development,e stablishedb y the GeneralA ssembly in responset o a requesto f the
Conference.M ade up of Governmentr epresentativesi,t will examinep rogressm ade
in implementingA genda 2l globally.T he Commission will first meet in June 1993-
the first anniversarvo f the Earth Summit.