Understanding the Modern World

384 Pages·2016·57.47 MB·English

by  David Ferriby

David Ferriby et al. (2016) AQA GCSE History: Understanding
the Modern World. London: Hodder.
i7H ODDER
EDUCATION
LEARNM ORE
DYNAMIC
LEARNING
DynamLieca rniisna gno nlisnueb scrispotliuottnih aostnu ppotretasc haenrdss t udewnitthshi gh
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Uset hLee ssBouni ltdope lra ann dd elilveesrs ons
Sharlee ssaonndsr esourwcietssht udeanntdcs o lleagues
Trasctku depnrto'gsr ess
Teachcearnas l scoo mbitnheeo iwrnt rusrteesdo uracleosn gtshiodfsere o AmQ AG CSEH istory:
UnderstantdhieMn ogd erWno rlwdh ichha saw holheo sotfi nformaantdii nvtee rarcetsiovuer ces
including:
Ready-mTaodpeSi tca ratnedLr e ssHoing hlPiogwhetr Points
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Assiqgune sttiooi nnsd ivsitduudaeln ts
Improsvteu decnotnsf'o ewnicteehx aamn dr eviasdivoinc e
AQAG CSEH istoUrnyd:e rstantdhieMn ogd erWno rlidsa vailaasab W lhei teboeaTredx tbook
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Dispilnatye rapcatgietvsote h ecilra ss
Addn otaensdh ighlairgehats
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Downlaonaddv ieowna ndye viocrbe r owser
Adde,d iatn ds ynchrnoontiaescser otswsod evices
Accetshse pierr socnoapolyn t hmeo ve
Tof inodum to raen ds igunpf ofrr eter ivailsswi wtw:. hoddereducation.co.uk/dynamiclearning
AQA
GCSE
History
UNDERSTANDING
THEM ODERN
WORLD
DaviFde rriby
DavMea rtin
Ben Walsh
Appromveasls afgreo AmQ A
Thec orceo ntoefnt th diisg itteaxlt bhoaosbke eanp probvyeA dQ Af ours ew itohu r
qualifiTchaimtsei aonnts.h awteh avceh ecktehdai tbt r oacdolvye trhsse p ecifiacnadt ion
thawtea rsea tiswfiittehhd oe v erqaulall Wieth ya.v ael saop protvhepedr invteerds oifto hni s
booWke.d on ohto wevcehre cokra pproavnely i nokras n fyu nctioFnuadllelit taoyifo.l u sr
approval prboefc oeusnosdn o cuawrne bsite.
Wea ppropvreia nntdd igitteaxlt bboeockasu wseek nohwo wi mporititasf n ottr e achers
ands tudetnoht asv teh rei grhets ourtcose usp ptohretti era chainndlg e arnHionwge.v tehre,
publiissuh letri mraetseployn fsoitrbh lee editorainadql u aclooifntt thyrid osil g ibtoaolk .
Pleansoett eh awth etne achtihAneg QA G CSHEi stcooryu rysoemu,u srte fteor
AQft!.sspe cifaiscya otudireo fni nsiotuirovcfiee n formWahtiitlohendi .is g biotaohlka bse ewnr itttoe n
matcthhs ep ecaitfiiiocctna ,n nporto vciodmep lceotvee roafeg vee arsyp eocftt h ceo urse.
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Acknowledgements:
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WesteHrins toVroyl 5.4 ,N o.3 (Autum2n0 04)S;t ephen AmbroseE:x trafcrto m' CrazHyo rsaen dC uste(rA'n cho1r9,7 5)J;o hnT raynor:
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Extracftrso m' Europ1e8 90-199(0N'e lso1n9,9 1V;i ctorJi.Ba a rnetEtx:t rafcrto m' ThReo leo ft heC hurcheCso:m plianacned C onfrontation'
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Extrafcrto m' AH istoorfyM odernR ussiFar:o mN icholIaIts o P utin' (Penguin, 2003); AlexanEdxetrr Safocrltoz mh' eOnnieDt asyyi nn:
theL ifoef I vanD enisovit(cPhe'n guMiond ernC lassi2c0s0,0 ); Alam:E xtrafcrto m' tSali(nU'S A1,9 73)V;.R yabovE:x tracftrso m' The
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GreaVti ctor(yO'ff iciParle sAsg encoyf t heU SSR,1 975); LeuchtenbeErxgt:r afcrto m' ThPee riolfsP rosperi(tUyn'i versoifCt hyi cago
W.E.
Pres1s9,5 8)J;am esT .P attersEoxnt:r afcrto m' Ameriicnat heT wentieCtehn tur(yC'e ngaLgeea rnin1g9,7 6)C;r aiMga irA:d apteedx tract
fromB ritaaitWn a r( JohMnu rray1,9 82)R;i charHdo lmesE:x trafcrto m' TommyT:h eB ritiSsohl dioenrt heW esterFnr ont('H arperCollins,
2004)M;a rtiMni ddlebrooEkx:t rafcrto m' ThFei rDsaty o f tShoem me'( Pengui1n9,7 1N)i;g eJlo nesE:x trafcrto m' ThWea rW alk'( Robert
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Telephon+e4:4 ( 0)1283257 720F.a x+:4 4( 0)1243050 454E.m aile [email protected]
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ISBN9:7 81 471862946
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CONTENTS
How thibso okw ilhle lpy oui nA QA GCSEH istory iv
SectiAo:P ne riSotdu dies
1A meric1a8 40-18E9x5p:a nsiaonnd C onsolidation 1
ExpansiOopnp:o rtuniatnidce hsa llenges
1.1: 2
Conflaiccrto Asmse rica
1.2: 16
Consolid-atfioorngitnhgen ation
1.3: 30
AssessmeFnotc us 51
2 Germany1 890-19D4e5m:o cracayn dD ictatorship 53
Germanayn dt heg rowtohf d ictatorship
2.1: 54
Germanayn dt heD epression
2.2: 73
Thee xperienocfGe esr manusn detrh eN azis
2.3: 81
AssessmeFnotc us 101
3 Russi1a8 94-19T4s5a:rd oamn dC ommunism 103
Thee ndo fT sardom
3.1: 104
Leninn'esws ociety
3.2: 114
StaliUnS'SsR
3.3: 129
AssessmeFnotc us 147
4A meric1a9 20-19O7p3p:or tuniatnydI nequality 149
TheA mericpaeno plaen dt he' boom'
4.1: 150
BustA-mericaenxsp'e rieonfct ehseD epressainodnt heN ewD eal
4.2: 165
Post-wAamre rica
4.3: 182
AssessmeFnotc us 197
SectiBo:W ni deWro rlDde ptSht udies
5C onfliacntdT ensio1n8,9 4-1918 199
Thec auseosft heF irWsotr lWda r
5.1: 200
TheF irWsotr lWda rS:t alemate
5.2: 215
Endintgh ew ar
5.3: 232
AssessmeFnotc us 237
6C onfliacntdT ensio1n9,1 8-1939 239
Peacemaking,
6.1: 1919 240
TheL eaguoefN atioannsd i nternatpieoancael
6.2: 251
Theo rigiannsdo utbreoaftk h eS econWdo rlWda r
6.3: 267
AssessmeFnotc us 289
7C onfliacntdT ensiobne tweeEna satn dW est1, 945-1972 291
Theo rigionfts h eC olWda r
7.1: 292
Thed evelopmoefnt th eC olWda r,
7.2: 1949-60 307
Transformoaftt ihoeCn o lWda r
7.3: 320
AssessmeFnotc us 331
8 ConfliacntdT ensioinnA sia1,9 50-1975 333
ConfliincK to rea
8.1: 334
Escalaotfic oonn fliinVc ite tnam
8.2: 342
Thee ndinogfc onfliinVc ite tnam
8.3: 357
AssessmeFnotc us 369
Glossary 371
Index 375
HOWT HIBSO OKW ILHLE LYPO UI NA QAG CSE
HISTORY
Itw ilhle lypo ut ol eartnh ec ontent
SOUCRE
1
Is ymoauiwrno rwrhye yno u prferoap nae rxea m ytohwuao tn k'nto ewn outgoh
A Russciaarnt oTohnec. a ptiroena d'sT:h e
answtehre e sqtuiMoannspy?e opfeellteh waaty A.n di itts r yuoewu i nlele gdo od
RussiTsaanar tsh ome.'
knowloefdt ghmeea ienv enatntsdh dee ttaodi olw elilnt hsitsu Tdhyib.so owki ll
helypoa uc qubiotrhte h oev ervainetdwh d ee atil.
Thtee extxa pilanlstl hk ee cyo ntcelneltyaa rncdo mprevheelInyhts.e i lyposu
undersetaacpnherd i oadn,d each tthtoehp iecmt ehascan otdn necttoi pc.ts he
ThFea ctfialnPedrs o fialrepesa ckweidtf hca tasn edx amptloue sse y oiunor w n
wortkos uppyooruatrr gum.e nts
Weu se olfdo itasg raanmtdsi melTihnseeehs e.l p toyv oius uaulnidseer,s tand
anrde memtboeiprc.W s ea lesnoc ouyroatugo de r aywo uorw nd igara-mtsh iats
ane vebne twtaeytr ol earn.
Itf'ulsol fb riialsnlotu rTcheiscs.o urdseeaw lists ho mbei igs sbuuestso urccaens
helppit nh oisses duowensH. i stioasrti y tb se wshte yno u sceawenh arte paelo ple
siadd,i wdr,o tseag,nw, a tchleadu,g hedc raiboeovduea trn,,gd o utp saebto ut.
Sourccaens rheealylpolt uyou nderstthsaetn odbr eyt atnerdrme embiebtrec uase
they hetlosp ew ehy aoetua cdhe velooprme evenmntet a ntp etoopa ltteh t ei me.
Thinqku estdiioryneoscu tt thtoeh gisyn ou shboenu oltdi ocrti hnign gak bionut.
IWI�iiji
They parlasctoth ikesi en da noyaftl isckailtl hlyasot nu e etdoi mporvienh iosrty.
Whadto S oruce5as n6ds ugsgtae bout
Activairtiein ecsl audsme odr e craepaptriovatecol h eeasr tnhiceno gn tent.
changlfiienslgte fysom ra niynt h e iUnS A
th1e9 02s?
Kewyo rd-esv esruyb jaenctdto phiacis t s voowcna byu.Ily fao duro nk'nto wwh at
KEYW ORDS
these mweoayrnod wuso nb'eat b tloew riatbeo tuhtse bu ejcStof. ro e acchh apter
Maeks uery ouk nwo whatth ewsoer dmse an weh avper oviakd eewydo rldi Tshte.as rete h kei nodfw orodrst ertmhsca otu bled
anader a blteod enfeit hecmo nfildye: nt useidns ourocrae nes x aqmu eswtiitohnao nueytx plansaoyt oinuoe net dob ea ble
AmeriDceraanm tou nderstthaeanmnd ud s teh ecmo nfidienyno tuwlrry i tTihneagyr.a e ld le fined
•
• Blapcokw emrove ment int hgel ossoanpr ayg3 e7 B1u.wt e a lwsaon yto tuo c reyaotuoerw nk ey wloirsdt .
CivRiihlgt s
• Inan otebooonyk o uorr pwhroidntoeew, en a cwho rwdi th oywondu erif ntoiins.
Finyat lhleiraseT o pSiucm maarty etnhodefe acohft hteh rpeaero tfs each
TOPISCU MMARY
chapTtheicrso. n deanltslhec eso ntienntatf o e pwo inwthsi,sc hho uhledly pot uo
Pos-twarA merica
get byeoaurrii nen vgestn hm eo scto mpliccoantteSedon mtpe.e opslaieyit gs o otdo
TehU ASe merfgreotdmh S ee cond
• reatdh sautm amrbyeo fryeo euv esnt atrhtteo ptiokc n owwh eyroeau r hee ading!
Worldb yfW aatrrhs et rownogrelsdt
power.
Itw ilhle lypo ut oa pplwyh aty oul earn
FOCUTSA KS
Thsece onbdi g oafti hmbi oso ikts o h elypo aup pwlhyay to lue awrhni,mc he ans
How ditdh Dee presisoanf fcet
toh elypot uh idneke plyt hacebo onutaten nddte veylooupr jouwdng ements
theLe aguoef N aito?n s
abouti stshauene mdsa ,ek s uyroecu a snu pptohrotjs ued gemweintethvs i dence
anrde lekvnaonwtl eTdhgiiesns. o a tn etaassYyko .wu inlolst u ddednelvye lop Lokob akc tahtFe o cTuaksos np ag2e5. 6
thsiksi Ylolnu.e etdop racsttiusdeya inns giud ese,c igwd hianyto tuh iannkd, 1 Usitnhige n foromnap taigoens
thesne lefcrtoiamnlt glh yaotku n otwh peoi ntsa rtrehe aartle llye tvoya onutr 285-5,9a dadn otshpeereb cubhlb e
argumOenneot ft. h meo sitm porstkainiltnhl iss tiotsrh ayeb itlois teylt ,e c foera cohft htew doi plomsamut s to
oragniasnedd e pl(ouysk en)o wlteoda gnes wape rat riuclqaure sotni. upt heviireo wfts h Lee uaegn ow
thtta hweo rhladbs e eanf febcyt ed
Thmea iwna wy e hyeolwupi tthh iitssh rotuhgFeho cTuass kTshs.eea re btihge thDee pression.
tastkhsaa ppt eaarvt aripooiunsit nes a cchh apter. 2 Adad spbeubelcbfeho era ch
dipltooem xaptl tahievnii reo wns
Most FToacshukassvt ei tphsha etl ypo u sgteatr- ftoeerdx amphlieg,h liag hting
thfeu touftr heLe e ague.
coupolfke ep yo titsnh yaotu cainny ouuasrne s w.e rs
Itw ilhle lypo up reparfeo ry ouerx amination
Iyfo rue aadlt lht ee axnttd a ckalltelhdF e o cTuass iknts h bioso wkea rseu yroeu
wouladl fsiony dow ue rwee lplr epafortreh dce h algleoesfPn pae1ro ft heex am,P RATCICQEU ESTION
buyto wui plrlo baabllwsyao n sto emthmionrgee x aomc-fusSeood n.t hnee xttw o Whiocfth h feo llwoawsin mtgoh ree
pagweese pxlahionwt hceo ntientn htbi oso wki blela sseasnshdeo dwy ocua n imporrteaanwstoh tnyh Meo rmons
prepyaoruer fsroet lhafes ssemsent. tarveltloSe adLlk ateC ity:
Rleigpieoeruucssit on
•
Adidtionally: Thlee adeorfBs rhiigpYh oaumn g?
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Dotttehdr ougthhcoehu atp tewrisfil nlyPd or ua cQtuiecset biooxn-e s
• Explyoauairn ns wweirtr he ferteon ce
ofefripnrga cqtuisecteis o.n
borteha sons.
Att heen odfe acchh apitse Aras ns essFmoecnsutps e ctiotf hitacot p wihci ch
•
anasledysif rfeeqnut esttyipoaenns ud s esmsap laen swteohr esly pot uos ee
howt oi mporvyeo uorw np eorrfmance.
Howt hep eriosdt udiweisl ble a ssessed
ScetiAoo nft hbioso ikn clauldfluoe rsp erisotdu dfireotsmh e spteicoYinof.ui ca
Howd oeIsn terpredtiaftfieorn
onlhya vteoa nswqeure stoinoo nnTesh. i wsib lele xamiinnSe edc tAio ofPn a p1e.r B
froImn terprAea tbaot.ui?to n
Thqeu estciooubnlsed aonnpy a tor fth ceo ntseoyno tnu e etdok noiwat l Ilwt.i ll ..
(m4a rks)
test otfth hraees ess emseonbtej tcives:
Whym ighttha eu thoofr s
AO1 - knowlaendugdne d erstanding
• InterpreAta antdhi aovnaes
A02- explanaantadina olny sis
B
• diffeirnetnetr praebtoa.ut.ti. o n?
A04- interpretations
• (m4a rks)
Quest1i-ow3ni sfl oclu osn i ntertpirofenrotse a,x apmle:
Whicihn terprdeoty aotfuii onnd
compairnitnegr praentedax tapiilonnwishn ytg h edyif rfe
morceo nvinacbion.ug.t . ?
•
askyiontugo e valeuaactihen terpr-efroti anttsainoscnae y hiongwc onvincing
(8m arks)
•
thien terpriesTt.hia mste iaoynnos hu a vteoc ompwahraett h ien terpretation
sayasg aiynosuotrw nk nowledge.
Descrtiwbpoer oblems
Quest4iw oinal slyk o tuo d escribef aettwuoor reck she ayr actoefar ipsetriicosd . facbeyd. ..
Thiisasp ur'ek nowlqeudegsebt'ui to nwy ionluel e tdos eelct ktnhoew ltehdagte
(m4a rks)
irse letvota hnqetu estwiroiintnc,e l elaarn guaangiden clpuldeeon ftry e levant
dettaosi ulp pyooruatrn swer.
Inw hawta ywsa s
X
affebcyt. e?.d .
Questiioasnb ocuhta nge. nYeoetudou swyeio luklrn owlteode gpxel ahionwa
5 (8m arks)
patricugrloaourrpp eoplweer aefe fctbeyad n e veonratd evelopment.
Quest6i,wo hni ccha rrtihheeis g hmeasrtki sas,n e sysq auesitinbo unlt l-epoint
fromaTth.te w bou ltlwsei ll givteo ys otuarrnu scwYteournur.e e e tdoc onsider
eacohft heamn rde aac hc ounsciYloonnu.e etdok noywo utro pwielctl ow rite
ane sysb auetq uailmlpyo rtyaonautl lnsyeo e tdot hicnlke abrecluayst eh bee st
Whicwha tsh meo riem portant
answweirblselt hotsheda etv ealc olp,ec aorhearenrndet l eavragnutm fernotm
reaswohny. .. ?
thset aarntcd a rirttyh rotuhgwehh oelseys .a
(1m2a rks)
Yowu iglelpt l teyon fp ractthiicneak biontught e isses aunepdsr actdiifsrfeienngt
questtyipoens thtrhoseut guhTdohyue.ttn h earrese o msea mpqluee stainodn s
answweirttshe acheedrb aafcnekad n yaslaitts h een odfe acphe risotudd y:
Howt hew idewro rldde ptsht udiweisl l
bea ssessed
Thseew iblele xamiinnSe cedt iBoo nfP pae1rT. h eex awmi ll intchldeue dpet ha ll
studbiuretes m emyboeourn lnye etdoa nswqeure stoinoo nnems-a eks uriiets
thoen teh yaotu haacvteus atdluil!ye d
Thqeu estcioounlsod na bney opfta hrcteo ntseoyn otnu e etdok noiwat l Ilwt.i ll
test otfth hraees es estos bmejetcnives:
AO1 k-nowlaendudgne d erstanding
SourAco ep poseHso wd o •
X. A02- explanaantadin oanl ysis
yokun owE?x plyaoiunar n swer •
A03- souracnea lysis
byu sitnhgse o uracnedy our •
contexktnuoawll .e dge Thewrieal llbs eom arfkross pienlgl, punacntgduar amtmia(orSAn PG .)
(m4a rks) Quest1ia onn2dsa rteh seo cuera-sbeqdu esntsi:o
Howu sefaurtleh tew soo urtcoe s The wfiirplsrlte sae nsto furroctmeh p ee ri(owdr iotrvt iesn.u U aslte)h seo urce
•
anh istorian. ?.s .t udyiangny do ukrn owlteobd agecu kpt hset atetmheyanottau r gei ven tahsbeoo uurtc e.
(1m2a rks) Thsee ocnqdu eswtiialoslnyk o tuo c omptawrsoeo ur(cwersi vtitseounra, l
•
botahn)ed v alhuoawut seu eltf heayrf eo arg iviennv etsitoing.a
Quest3ia osnk s yworiuat nate co c ooufan nte vefnrtot mh dee pstthu dy.
Wriatnea ccooufn. t
..
(8m arks) Quest4ii oasnn otehseysrq a utesioYno.wu iblelp resewnittaehs d t ateamnedn t
yonue etdow rite clceoahrelryae bnaotnhuldotyw f ayro u awgirtiehtTe h.i s
is sltersusc tthuatrnhep ede risotuded syys b autth eex pectaartseii omanirsl.
'Thmea irne asfoo.nr. w .a s. .. '
Top reptaoar nes wtehre seo fqk uiensdt yioonune set dor evtihsceeo ntbeuntt
Howf adroy oaug ree?
altshoi anbko uatn ldie tah ronwt op resaenan rtg umaennsdtu ppiotTr.hte
(1m6a rks)
best answtehrosts hewda iottl hlaa tnbd dee vealc olp,ec aorheraenrndet l evant
argumTehinstt .hi qesu eswthiioccnah rreixetmrsaa r fkrosc orruesocefst pegl,l in
punctuaantgdiar omnma r.
Yowui glelpt l enotfpy r actthiicngeak biontuhte isses aunepdsr aicsgtid nifrfeent
qusetitoyenpst hrougthhdoeeu ptt h Tshteund yta.hr seeo rmese a mpqluees tions
anadn swweirttshe acfheeedrb aacnkad na lsyiastt heen d ofd eepastcthhu dy.
Keytso s uccess
Asl onagsy okun otwh ceo ntaennhdta vlee arhnoewtd ot hi,tn hkeesxea ms
shounlobdte t oos caTrhyke.e ytsos uccaer:se s
Reatdh qeu estciaorne fAunlslwyte.hrq e u estseintoo,ntt h oen yeo wui shed
•
froI!d enitfi fyay robeue iansgk teodd e creipxblea,ci onm,p are, etc.
Note mtahreka sv ail.Ta hbahltee lyposu worhko wmo uuctth i mteos pend
•
ona p artiqcueuslta.ir o n
Playno uarn swbeerf oyroesu t awrrti tTihniigsi.s m oprtfarone ts ysssa ot hat
•
yoaur aeb tloe writwee lsle-vaeprragarulape ghd.rs a
Thipse risotdu fdoyc uosnet sh dee velopomfAe mnetr ica
durgia nt urbuhlaelcnfet n toufrc yha gen.I wta sa p erioofd
expansainodcn o nsoli-dtahteeix opna nstioto hnWe e st
andt hceo nsoliodfta htUein oint Setda taesas n ation.
Youw iblels tudgyt ihndee velopomfte hnUetn itSetda tes
frovma ripoeurss pectives:
Polidteivceallo psmuecnahtst s h ger owtohft hUen ited
•
Stattehspe,o weorft hfee degroavle rnmveenrtst uhse
poweorfi ndivsitdautaaenlsd t htee nsitohnanste arly
brotkheUe n ion.
Econodmeivce lopsmuecnahtst s h sep reoafcd a ttle
•
rancgho intn ot hGer ePalta ainndst hber giidgno ft he
contibnyet nhtne e wr ailroads.
Sociaanldc ultduervaell opsmuecnahtst s h e
•
destruocftt hiPeol na iInnsd iwaanyo fl iafnedc ulture.
Ther oloefi deianis n flugec nhcagienns ucahsM anifest
•
Destdiinfyf,ge p reirnspecotnli avneadsn ds lavaenrdy
three gliioubse lioefaf g sr oulpi tkheMe o rmons.
Threo loefk eiyn diviadnudgra olusip nss hapgci hnagen
•
andt hiem patchtde e velophmaedon ntt sh esmu cahs
AbrahLaimn cBorlghina,m Y oug,nJ effeDrasvoiJnso ,h n
BrowGne,og erA rmstgrC ounstaenrdR edC louadn;d
AfriAcmaenr ichaonmse,s teatdheMero sr,m oannsdt he
PlaiInnsd ians.
1862 1869
1854 HomesteaAdcetr Transcontinental
KansaNseb rasAkcat railrcooamdp leted
1860
1865 1877
Compromise Thirteenth Endo fr econstruction 1887
of1 850 Amendment int heSo uth DaweAsc t
I
I I _I
1850 1870 1880 1890
1861-1865
1851 1868 1876
CivWialr
ForLta rmaieT reaty ForLta ramie BattolfLe i ttle
Treaty Bighorn
1.E1x panOspipoonr:t uannidt ies
challenges
SORUCE
1
MajoSrt ephen oLfto hnAegr ,m Cyo rposf
Enigneedress,c ritbhGeerd e aPtal inasf ter
crosstihnegim n 1 82H0si.e xpedition was
fotrh Uen itSetda tgeosv ernmwehnitc h FOUCS
wase xploirtibsno gu ndawriiteShsp anish
In1 84t0hU en iStteadot fAe mse rwiacmsaa duepo f2 7st amtoessot,ft heema osftt h e
CalifoarnndBi irat iOsrhe gon.
MissiRsisviTeporp .it hwee rwteehG sert e Palta Tiotn hsne.o madic Pltahiensse Indians
Inr egtaort dhe ixst ensseicvtoeif o n
werheo me.t hceTiz ote ionfst hUen iStteadtt hewesey r 'et Ghree Aamte riDceastn;e' r
coturnIy,d on ohte siitgnai tveti hneg
butc hanwgaecs o ming.
opintiahotint a mliossw thol luyni ffto r
cultiavnaodtfc i oounur,ns ien habbyi tabIln1e1 . y ouw isltlu tdhyec shea nagneidsnp , a rticular:
ap epoldee penudpoinan ggr icfuolrt ure
The geoogfNr oarAptmhhey r ainchdao awt ttiduetso watrhdGesr eAamte rican
thesiurb si[sptreondceuenc goihunf oogd •
Descehratn ged.
toli ovneL] a.gr ea reoaffsre tlinaldae r e
Whyt heea rslelyte twrestnw esatnt dh ceh llaentghefesay c ed.
occasliyt oobn efa uoln,bd utth secr aciotfy •
Howth Peal inIsn daiadnaspt theeldii rvt eots hG er ePaltaa innhdso wt heciutrlu re
wooda nwda tweirl l apnir mopvoes sibl•e
was atw iotAdhmd esr iccutalunr e.
obstiantc hlweea oysf e ltittnhgce o turny.
FIUGRE
2
Theg eograopfNh yor tAhm erica.