Understanding Movies

577 Pages·2017·76.432 MB·English

by  Louis Giannetti

U N D E R S TA N D I N G
U N D E R S TA N D I N G
M O V I E S
M O V I E S
Fourteenth Edition
L G
OUIS IANNETTI
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This Fourteenth Edition of Understanding Movies builds K
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upon the successful, visually engaging, and accessible nic
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presentation of previous editions to provide valuable insight © J
into the language of film and how meaning is conveyed to / G
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audiences. Key changes to the new edition include: p I
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• Over one hundred new photos (and accompanying captions), otog NN
most of them in full color, most from recent films.  Ph E
• Each chapter updated with recent books and important T
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websites about movies. About the Author I
• Expanded coverage of classic works like On the Town,
Louis Giannetti is a Professor Emeritus of English and Film at
Once Upon a Time in the West, and Roman Holiday, as well as
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Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland. He has also taught
respected foreign movies like Anna Karenina, Taxi, and Ida.
• More discussion of Hollywood’s golden age of big- at the University of Iowa and Emory University. He has taught N
courses in film, literature, drama, writing, and humanities. He
studio movies, like East of Eden, The Awful Truth, and The
has published many articles, both popular and scholarly, on D
Philadelphia Story.
political subjects, literature, and drama. In addition to being a
• Expanded discussion of film genres, including sci-fi professional film critic for several years, he has written about E
(Interstellar), action films (Furious Seven), animation (Spirited
movies for such scholarly journals as Literature/Film Quarterly, R
Away), and romantic comedies (Silver Linings Playbook). 
The Western Humanities Review, and Film Criticism. Dr. Giannetti
• Discussion of contemporary stars and their influence on is also the author of Godard and Others: Essays on Film Form as S
the wider culture, like Sean Penn, Jennifer Lawrence, and
well as Masters of the American Cinema. Flashback: A Brief
Melissa McCarthy.  T
History of Film (Sixth Edition, Pearson Education, 2010), written
• More coverage of ethnic films, like Straight Outta Compton, with Scott Eyman, is a history that outlines major events, trends, A
movies about sexual minorities, like transgender people (Dallas and important filmmakers and their work, with emphasis on the
Buyer’s Club), gays (Milk), and lesbians (Blue is the Warmest American Cinema. Understanding Movies is one of the most N
Color), as well as films about the physically challenged (Theory widely used film textbooks in the world. It has been translated Fourteenth Edition
D
of Everything).  into four languages, and has been adopted in colleges and
• More discussion of famous actors who revolutionized the universities in many European countries, as well as China, I U N D E R S T A N D I N G
U N D E R S T A N D I N G
profession, like Lillian Gish, Greta Garbo, Sidney Poitier, and South Korea, Australia, and Israel. Professor Giannetti is the N
Marlon Brando. father of two daughters, Christina and Francesca. He lives in
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• Expanded coverage of big box-office hits like Skyfall, Shaker Heights, where he spends an inordinate amount of time
Captain America, Argo, Jurassic World, Guardians of the tending his Japanese-style garden, to make sure it keeps that

Galaxy, and Pirates of the Caribbean. natural look. M M O V I E S
M O V I E S
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www.pearsonhighered.com
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ISBN-13: 978-0-13-449208-7
ISBN-10: 0-13-449208-0 L G
9 0 0 0 0 O U I S I A N N E T T I
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Understanding MOVIES
Fourteenth Edition
146_2016_1_A01_A001-024_FM_SE.indd i 23/07/2016 11:51
Lynn R. Jones
1939–1970
Take him and cut him out in little stars,
And he will make the face of heav’n so fine
That all the world will be in love with Night
And pay no worship to the garish Sun.
William Shakespeare
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L G
OUIS IANNETTI

Understanding MOVIES
Fourteenth Edition
146_2016_1_A01_A001-024_FM_SE.indd iii 23/07/2016 11:51
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Giannetti, Louis D. author.
Title: Understanding movies / Louis Giannetti.
Description: Fourteen edition. | Boston : Pearson, 2016. | Includes
   bibliographical references and index.
Identifi ers: LCCN 2016018728| ISBN 9780134492087 (pbk.) | ISBN
0134492080
Subjects:  LCSH: Motion pictures.
Classifi cation: LCC PN1994 .G47 2016 | DDC 791.43--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016018728
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Student Edition
ISBN 10: 0-13-449208-0
ISBN 13: 978-0-13-449208-7
Books a la Carte
ISBN-10: 0-13-400260-1
ISBN-13: 978-0-13400260-6
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CONTENTS
Preface xxiii
Acknowledgments xxiv
Chapter 1 Chapter 4
PHOTOGRAPHY 1 EDITING 135
Realism and Formalism 2 Continuity 136
The Shots 9 D. W. Griffith and
The Angles 12 Classical Cutting 139
Light and Dark 17 Soviet Montage and
the Formalist Tradition 162
Color 23
André Bazin and the
Lenses, Filters, and Stocks 29
Tradition of Realism 172
The Digital Revolution 34
Further Reading 192
The Cinematographer 40
Further Reading 45
Chapter 2 Chapter 5
MISE EN SCÈNE 46 SOUND 193
The Frame 47 Historical Background 194
Composition and Design 61 Sound Effects 200
Territorial Space 67 Music 205
Proxemic Patterns 81 Musicals 215
Open and Closed Forms 86 Spoken Language 220
Further Reading 94 Further Reading 231
Chapter 3 Chapter 6
MOVEMENT 95 ACTING 232
Kinetics 96 Stage and Screen Acting 233
The Moving Camera 114 The American Star System 246
Mechanical Distortions Styles of Acting 266
of Movement 124 Casting 277
Further Reading 134 Further Reading 283
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Understanding MOVIES vi
Chapter 7 Chapter 10
DRAMATIZATION 284 IDEOLOGY 406
Time, Space, and The Left-Center-Right
Language 285 Model 413
The Director 297 Culture, Religion, and
Settings and Décor 304 Ethnicity 421
Costumes and Makeup 315 Feminism 431
Further Reading 326 Queer Cinema 440
Tone 447
Further Reading 452
Chapter 8 Chapter 11
STORY 327 CRITIQUE 453
Narratology 328 Theories of Realism 456
The Spectator 333 Formalist Film Theories 463
The Classical Paradigm 337 The Auteur Theory 468
Realistic Narratives 342 Eclectic and Synthesizing
Formalistic Narratives 345 Approaches 474
Nonfictional Narratives 348 Structuralism and
Semiology 478
Genre and Myth 353
Historiography 483
Further Reading 367
Further Reading 494
Chapter 9 Chapter 12
WRITING 368 SYNTHESIS: Citizen Kane 495
The Screenwriter 369 Photography 496
The Screenplay 377 Mise en Scène 499
North by Northwest: Movement 501
the Screenplay 384 Editing 504
Figurative Comparisons 389 Sound 506
Point of View 396 Acting 508
Literary Adaptations 400 Dramatization 509
Further Reading 405 Story 513
Writing 515
Ideology 518
Critique 521
Further Reading 526
Glossary 527
Text Credits 533
Index 535
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MOVIE LISTING
Chapter 1 1–14a HOW GREEN WAS MY VALLEY (U.S.A., 1941),
cinematography by Arthur Miller, directed by John Ford.
1–1a MASTER AND COMMANDER: THE FAR SIDE OF
1–14b BEASTS OF THE SOUTHERN WILD (U.S.A., 2012),
THE WORLD (U.S.A., 2003), directed by Peter Weir.
with Quvenzhané Wallis, cinematography by Ben
1–1b GOLD DIGGERS OF 1933 (U.S.A., 1934), Richardson, directed by Benh Zeitlin.
choreographed by Busby Berkeley, directed by Mervyn 1–15a 12 ANGRY MEN (U.S.A., 1957), with E. G. Marshall,
LeRoy.
Henry Fonda, and Lee J. Cobb, directed by Sidney
1–3 HEARTS & MINDS (U.S.A., 1975), directed by Peter Lumet.
Davis. 1–15b FURIOUS SEVEN (U.S.A., 2015), with Jason Statham,
1–4 PARADISE NOW (Palestinian Territories, 2005), directed by James Wan.
with Kais Nashef and Ali Suliman, directed by Hany 1–16a 12 YEARS A SLAVE (Britain/U.S.A., 2013), with
Abu-Assad.
Lupita Nyong’o and Chiwetel Ejiofor, directed by Steve
1–5 MR. DEEDS GOES TO TOWN (U.S.A., 1936), with McQueen.
Gary Cooper, directed by Frank Capra. 1–16b RED (France/Poland/Switzerland, 1994), with Irène Jacob
1–6 THE SEVENTH SEAL (Sweden, 1957), with Bengt and Jean-Louis Trintignant, cinematography by Piotr
Ekerot and Max von Sydow, cinematography by Gunnar Sobocinski, directed by Krzysztof Kieslowski.
Fischer, directed by Ingmar Bergman. 1–16c MR. BROOKS (U.S.A., 2007), with Kevin Costner,
1–7 ALLURES (U.S.A., 1961), directed by Jordan Belson. directed by Bruce A. Evans.
1–8a RAGING BULL (U.S.A., 1980), with Robert De Niro, 1–16d CRIES & WHISPERS (Sweden, 1972), with Liv
directed by Martin Scorsese. Ullmann, directed by Ingmar Bergman.
1–8b LIFE OF PI (U.S.A., 2012), with Suraj Sharma and a 1–17a DOUBLE INDEMNITY (U.S.A., 1944), with Barbara
Bengal tiger, directed by Ang Lee. Stanwyck and Fred MacMurray, directed by Billy Wilder.
1–9a INTERSTELLAR (U.S.A./Britain/Canada, 2014), directed 1–17b KISS KISS BANG BANG (U.S.A., 2005), with Robert
by Christopher Nolan. Downey Jr. and Val Kilmer, written and directed by
Shane Black.
1–9b MARY SHELLEY’S FRANKENSTEIN (U.S.A., 1994),
with Robert De Niro and Kenneth Branagh, directed by 1–18 THE RETURN OF THE JEDI SPECIAL EDITION
Branagh. (U.S.A., 1997), directed by Richard Marquand.
1–10 JUNO (U.S.A./Canada, 2007), with Ellen Page and 1–19 COACH CARTER (U.S.A., 2005), with Samuel L.
Michael Cera, directed by Jason Reitman. Jackson, directed by Thomas Carter.
1–11a BLOOD & CHOCOLATE (U.S.A., 2006), directed by 1–20a BRAVEHEART (U.S.A., 1995), with Sophie Marceau
Katja von Garnier. and Mel Gibson, directed by Gibson.
1–11b WAR OF THE WORLDS (U.S.A., 2005), with Tom 1–20b THE BEST YEARS OF OUR LIVES (U.S.A., 1946),
Cruise, directed by Steven Spielberg. with Teresa Wright, Michael Hall, Myrna Loy, and
Fredric March, directed by William Wyler.
1–12a BONNIE AND CLYDE (U.S.A., 1967), with Faye
Dunaway and Warren Beatty, directed by Arthur Penn. 1–21a AMERICAN BEAUTY (U.S.A., 1999), with Kevin
Spacey and Mena Suvari, directed by Sam Mendes.
1–12b THE LIVES OF OTHERS (Germany, 2006), with
Sebastian Koch and Martina Gedeck, directed by 1–21b SAVAGE NIGHTS (France, 1993), with Cyril Collard
Florian Henckel von Donnersmark. and Romane Bohringer, directed by Collard.
1–12c UNBROKEN (U.S.A., 2014), with Domhnall Gleeson and 1–22a THE AGE OF INNOCENCE (U.S.A., 1993), with
Jack O’Connell, directed by Angelina Jolie. Michelle Pfeiff er and Daniel Day-Lewis, directed by
Martin Scorsese.
1–13a THE TEXAS CHAINSAW MASSACRE: THE
BEGINNING (U.S.A., 2006), with R. Lee Ermey, directed 1–22b THE GOD FATHER (U.S.A., 1972), with Marlon Brando,
by Jonathan Liebesman. directed by Francis Ford Coppola.
1–13b BATMAN BEGINS (U.S.A., 2005), with Christian Bale, 1–22c LIFE IS BEAUTIFUL (Italy, 1998), with Roberto
directed by Christopher Nolan. Benigni, directed by Benigni.
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Understanding MOVIES viii
1–22d LETTERS FROM IWO JIMA (U.S.A., 2006), with Ken 1–33a THE EMIGRANTS (Sweden, 1972), with Liv Ullmann
Watanabe, directed by Clint Eastwood. and Max von Sydow, photographed and directed by Jan
Troell.
1–23a FOUR WEDDINGS AND A FUNERAL (Britain, 1994),
with Andie MacDowell and Hugh Grant, directed by 1–33b SKYFALL (Britain/U.S.A., 2012), with Daniel Craig,
Mike Newell. cinematography by Roger Deakins, directed by Sam
Mendes.
1–23b DARK VICTORY (U.S.A., 1939), with Bette Davis and
George Brent, directed by Edmund Goulding. 1–34a THIS IS ELVIS (U.S.A., 1981), with Elvis Presley,
directed by Malcolm Leo and others.
1–24 STARMAN (U.S.A., 1984), with Karen Allen and Jeff
1–34b TRAFFIC (U.S.A., 2000), directed by Steven Soderbergh.
Bridges, directed by John Carpenter.
1–25a ALIENS (U.S.A., 1986), with Sigourney Weaver and 1–35a MURIEL’S WEDDING (Australia, 1995), with Toni
Collette, directed by P. J. Hogan.
Carrie Henn, directed by James Cameron.
1–35b SOLDIER (U.S.A., 1998), with Jason Scott Lee and Kurt
1–25b BIUTIFUL (Spain, 2010), with Javier Bardem, directed
Russell, cinematography by David Tattersall, directed
by Alejandro González Iñárritu.
by Paul Anderson.
1–26a RUNNING SCARED (U.S.A./Canada/Germany, 2006),
1–35c DAYS OF HEAVEN (U.S.A., 1978), written and
with Paul Walker, directed by Wayne Kramer.
directed by Terrence Malick.
1–26b CINDERELLA MAN (U.S.A., 2005), with Russell Crowe
and Renée Zellweger, directed by Ron Howard. Chapter 2

1–26c DARK BLUE (U.S.A., 2003), with Michael Michele and
Ving Rhames, directed by Ron Shelton. 2–1a MANHATTAN (U.S.A., 1979), with Woody Allen and
Diane Keaton, written and directed by Allen.
1–26d SCHINDLER’S LIST (U.S.A., 1993), with Liam Neeson,
directed by Steven Spielberg. 2–1b THE NAVIGATOR (U.S.A., 1924), with Buster Keaton,
directed by Keaton and Donald Crisp.
1–26e RUMBLE IN THE BRONX (U.S.A., 1996), with Jackie
Chan, directed by Stanley Tong. 2–2a INDIANA JONES AND THE KINGDOM OF THE
CRYSTAL SKULL (U.S.A., 2008), directed by Stephen
1–26f A CINDERELLA STORY (U.S.A., 2004), with Hilary
Spielberg.
Duff and Chad Michael Murray, directed by Mark
Rosman. 2–2b NOTORIOUS (U.S.A., 1946), with Leopoldine
Konstantine, Ingrid Bergman, and Claude Rains,
1–27 THE BATTLE OF ALGIERS (Italy/Algeria, 1967),
directed by Alfred Hitchcock.
directed by Gillo Pontecorvo.
2–3a & b THE GOOD THIEF (Britain/Ireland/France/Canada,
1–28a THE GREEN WAVE (Germany/Iran, 2011), directed by
2003), with Nick Nolte and Gerard Darmon, written and
Ali Samadi Ahadi.
directed by Neil Jordan.
1–28b AVATAR (U.S.A., 2009), written and directed by James 2–3c & d FINDING NEVERLAND (U.S.A./Britain, 2004), with
Cameron.
Johnny Depp and Freddie Highmore, directed by Marc
1–29 THE MATRIX (U.S.A., 1999), with Keanu Reeves and Forster.
Hugo Weaving, written and directed by Andy and Larry 2–4a LAWRENCE OF ARABIA (Britain, 1962), with Peter
Wachowski. O’Toole and Omar Sharif, directed by David Lean.
1–30a MULTIPLICITY (U.S.A., 1996), with Michael Keaton, 2–4b THE HONEYMOONERS (1955), with Jackie Gleason
Michael Keaton, Michael Keaton, and Michael Keaton, and Art Carney, produced by CBS Television.
directed by Harold Ramis.
2–5a & b HOUSE OF SAND AND FOG (U.S.A., 2003),
1–30b TANGERINE (U.S.A., 2015), with Kitana Kiki Rodriguez with Ben Kingsley, Ron Eldard, and Jonathan Ahdout,
and Mya Taylor, cinematography by Radium Cheung, directed by Vadim Perelman.
directed by Sean Baker.
2–6a NAPOLEON (France, 1927), directed by Abel Gance.
1–31a STAR WARS (U.S.A., 1977), written and directed by
2–6b UNLEASHED (France/U.S.A./Britain, 2005), with Jet Li,
George Lucas.
martial arts choreography by Yuan Wo Ping, directed by
1–31b STAR WARS SPECIAL EDITION (U.S.A., 1997). Louis Leterrier.
1–31c STAR WARS: EPISODE II ATTACK OF THE 2–6c STILL ALICE (U.S.A./France, 2014), with Julianne
CLONES (U.S.A., 2002), written and directed by George Moore, directed by Richard Glatzer and Wash
Lucas. Westmoreland.
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MOVIE LISTING ix
2–7a, b, & c 2001: A SPACE ODYSSEY (U.S.A./Britain, 2–21 THE 400 BLOWS (France, 1959), with Jean-Pierre
1968), directed by Stanley Kubrick. Léaud, directed by François Truff aut.
2–8 THE INDIAN IN THE CUPBOARD (U.S.A., 1995), with 2–22a & b BROKEN FLOWERS (U.S.A., 2005), with Bill
Litefoot, directed by Frank Oz. Murray and Sharon Stone, written and directed by Jim
2–9 YOU THINK YOU’RE THE PRETTIEST…(BUT Jarmusch.
YOU’RE THE SLUTTIEST) (Chile, 2009), with Francisco 2–23 BIBLIOTHÈQUE PASCAL (Hungary/Germany, 2010),
Braithwaite, written and directed by Che Sandoval. directed by Szabolcs Hajdu.
2–10a GREED (U.S.A., 1924), with Gibson Gowland and Jean 2–24a THE BLUE ANGEL (Germany, 1930), with Marlene
Hersholt, directed by Erich von Stroheim. Dietrich, directed by Josef von Sternberg.
2–10b DREAMGIRLS (U.S.A., 2006), with Anika Noni Rose, 2–24b THX 1138 (U.S.A., 1971), directed by George Lucas.
Beyoncé Knowles, and Jennifer Hudson, directed by Bill
2–24c GRAND ILLUSION (France, 1937), with Erich von
Condon.
Stroheim, Pierre Fresnay, and Jean Gabin, written and
2–11a CUCHERA (Philippines, 2011), with Maria Isabel Lopez, directed by Jean Renoir.
directed by Joseph Israel Laban.
2–25a AMERICAN HUSTLE (U.S.A., 2013), with Jennifer
2–11b THE END OF AUGUST AT THE HOTEL OZONE
Lawrence and Amy Adams, written and directed by
(Czechoslovakia, 1969), directed by Jan Schmidt. David O. Russell.
2–12a MYSTIC RIVER (U.S.A., 2003), with Sean Penn, 2–25b CITIZENFOUR (U.S.A., 2014), with Edward Snowden,
directed by Clint Eastwood.
directed by Laura Poitras.
2–12b WORLD TRADE CENTER (U.S.A., 2006), directed by 2–26a SONS OF THE DESERT (U.S.A., 1933), with Stan
Oliver Stone.
Laurel and Oliver Hardy, directed by William Seiter.
2–13a OF GODS AND MEN (France, 2010), directed by 2–26b THE MANCHURIAN CANDIDATE (U.S.A., 2005), with
Xavier Beauvois.
Liev Schreiber and Meryl Streep, directed by Jonathan
2–13b CRY WOLF (U.S.A., 2005), directed by Jeff Wadlow. Demme.
2–14a MACBETH (U.S.A./Britain, 1971), with Francesca Annis 2–26c SELMA (Britain/U.S.A., 2015), with Colman Domingo,
and Jon Finch, directed by Roman Polanski. David Oyelowo, Andre Holland, and Stephan James,
directed by Ava DuVernay.
2–14b MACBETH (U.S.A., 1948), with Peggy Webber, directed
by Orson Welles. 2–26d THE ARTIST (France/Belgium, 2011), with Jean
2–15 THE DECLINE OF THE AMERICAN EMPIRE Dujardin and Bérénice Bejo, directed by Michel
Hazanavicius.
(Canada, 1986), with Louise Portal, Dominique Michel,
Dorothée Berryman, and Geneviève Rioux, directed by 2–27 THE GIRL WITH THE DRAGON TATTOO (U.S.A.,
Denys Arcand. 2011), with Rooney Mara and Daniel Craig, directed by
2–16 RUSH HOUR 3 (U.S.A., 2007), with Chris Tucker and David Fincher.
Jackie Chan, directed by Brett Ratner. 2–28 ALL OR NOTHING (Britain, 2002), with Timothy Spall,
2–17a SUPERMAN (U.S.A./Britain, 1978), with Glenn Ford, directed by Mike Leigh.
directed by Richard Donner. 2–29 RED DESERT (Italy, 1964), with Carlo Chionetti and
2–17b DISTRICT 9 (U.S.A./New Zealand, 2009), with Sharlto Monica Vitti, directed by Michelangelo Antonioni.
Copley, directed by Neill Blomkamp. 2–30 MUCH ADO ABOUT NOTHING (Britain, 1993), with
2–18 HUGO (U.S.A., 2011), with Asa Butterfi eld, directed by Michael Keaton, Keanu Reeves, Robert Sean Leonard,
Martin Scorsese. Kate Beckinsale, Emma Thompson, Kenneth Branagh,
and Denzel Washington, directed by Branagh.
2–19a THE GRADUATE (U.S.A., 1967), with Anne Bancroft
and Dustin Hoff man, directed by Mike Nichols. 2–31a HUSTLE & FLOW (U.S.A., 2005), with Taryn Manning
and Terrence Howard, directed by Craig Brewer.
2–19b THE GRIFTERS (U.S.A., 1990), with John Cusack and
Anjelica Huston, directed by Stephen Frears. 2–31b GARDEN STATE (U.S.A., 2004), with Natalie Portman
and Zach Braff , written and directed by Braff .
2–20a MICHAEL CLAYTON (U.S.A., 2007), with George
Clooney and Tom Wilkinson, directed by Tony Gilroy. 2–31c AWAY FROM HER (Canada, 2007), with Julie Christie
and Gordon Pinsent, directed by Sarah Polley.
2–20b A HISTORY OF VIOLENCE (U.S.A., 2005), with
Ashton Holmes and Viggo Mortensen, directed by David 2–31d ZABRISKIE POINT (U.S.A., 1970), with Daria Halprin
Cronenberg. and Rod Taylor, directed by Michelangelo Antonioni.
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