Table Of ContentCopyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-202
Council on Social Work Education Educational Policy
and Accreditation Standards by Chapter
The Council on Social Work Education’s Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards requires all social
work students to develop nine competencies and recommends teaching and assessing 31 related component
behaviors, listed as Educational Policy (EP) Competencies 1–9 below. The multicolor icons (see figure at right)
and end of chapter “Competency Notes” connect these important standards to class work in the chapters
identified below with bold blue type.
The 9 Competencies and 31 Component Behaviors (EPAS, 2015) Chapter(s)
Where Referenced
Competency 1—Demonstrate Ethical and Professional Behavior: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,
10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16
a. Make ethical decisions by applying the standards of the NASW Code of Ethics, relevant 1
laws and regulations, models for ethical decision making, ethical conduct of research, and
additional codes of ethics as appropriate to context
b. Use reflection and self-regulation to manage personal values and maintain professionalism 1
in practice situations
c. Demonstrate professional demeanor in behavior; appearance; and oral, written, and elec- 1
tronic communication
d. Use technology ethically and appropriately to facilitate practice outcomes 1
e. Use supervision and consultation to guide professional judgment and behavior 1
Competency 2—Engage Diversity and Difference in Practice: 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 13
a. Apply and communicate understanding of the importance of diversity and difference in shaping 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 13
life experiences in practice at the micro, mezzo, and macro levels
b. Present themselves as learners and engage clients and constituencies as experts of their 1, 5, 13
own experiences
c. Apply self-awareness and self-regulation to manage the influence of personal biases and 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 13
values in working with diverse clients and constituencies
Competency 3—Advance Human Rights and Social, Economic, and Environmental Justice: 1, 5, 9, 13
a. Apply their understanding of social, economic, and environmental justice to advocate for 1, 5, 9, 13
human rights at the individual and system levels
b. Engage in practices that advance social, economic, and environmental justice 1, 5, 9, 13
Competency 4—Engage in Practice-informed Research and Research-informed Practice: 1
a. Use practice experience and theory to inform scientific inquiry and research 1
b. Apply critical thinking to engage in analysis of quantitative and qualitative research meth- 1
ods and research findings
c. Use and translate research evidence to inform and improve practice, policy, and service 1
delivery
Competency 5—Engage in Policy Practice: 1, 16
a. Identify social policy at the local, state, and federal level that impacts well-being, service 1, 16
delivery, and access to social services
b. Assess how social welfare and economic policies impact the delivery of and access to social 1
services
Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-202
Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
The 9 Competencies and 31 Component Behaviors (EPAS, 2015) Chapter(s)
Where Referenced
c. Apply critical thinking to analyze, formulate, and advocate for policies that advance human 1, 16
rights and social, economic, and environmental justice
Competency 6—Engage with Individuals, Families, Groups, Organizations, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,
and Communities: 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16
a. Apply knowledge of human behavior and the social environment, person-in-environment, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,
and other multidisciplinary theoretical frameworks to engage with clients and constituen- 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,
cies 15, 16
b. Use empathy, reflection, and interpersonal skills to effectively engage diverse clients and 1
constituencies
Competency 7—Assess Individuals, Families, Groups, Organizations, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,
and Communities: 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16
a. Collect and organize data, and apply critical thinking to interpret information from clients 1
and constituencies
b. Apply knowledge of human behavior and the social environment, person-in-environment, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,
and other multidisciplinary theoretical frameworks in the analysis of assessment data from 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16
clients and constituencies
c. Develop mutually agreed-on intervention goals and objectives based on the critical assess- 1
ment of strengths, needs, and challenges within clients and constituencies
d. Select appropriate intervention strategies based on the assessment, research knowledge, 1
and values and preferences of clients and constituencies
Competency 8—Intervene with Individuals, Families, Groups, Organizations, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,
and Communities: 10, 11, 12, 13, 14
a. Critically choose and implement interventions to achieve practice goals and enhance capaci- 1
ties of clients and constituencies
b. Apply knowledge of human behavior and the social environment, person-in-environment, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,
and other multidisciplinary theoretical frameworks in interventions with clients and con- 10, 11, 12, 13, 14
stituencies
c. Use inter-professional collaboration as appropriate to achieve beneficial practice outcomes 1
d. Negotiate, mediate, and advocate with and on behalf of diverse clients and constituencies 1
e. Facilitate effective transitions and endings that advance mutually agreed-on goals 1
Competency 9—Evaluate Practice with Individuals, Families, Groups, Organizations, and Com- 1
munities:
a. Select and use appropriate methods for evaluation of outcomes 1
b. Apply knowledge of human behavior and the social environment, person-in-environment, 1
and other multidisciplinary theoretical frameworks in the evaluation of outcomes
c. Critically analyze, monitor, and evaluate intervention and program processes and outcomes 1
d. Apply evaluation findings to improve practice effectiveness at the micro, mezzo, and macro 1
levels
Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-202
Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Fit your coursework
into your hectic life.
Make the most of your time by learning
your way. Access the resources you need to
succeed wherever, whenever.
Study with digital flashcards, listen to audio
textbooks, and take quizzes.
Review your current course grade and compare
your progress with your peers.
Get the free MindTap Mobile App and learn
wherever you are.
Break Limitations. Create your
own potential, and be unstoppable
with MindTap.
MINDTAP. POWERED BY YOU.
cengage.com/mindtap
Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-202
Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
ElEvEnth EDItIOn
Empowerment Series
Understanding
Human Behavior
and the Social
Environment
Charles H. Zastrow
Professor Emeritus
University of Wisconsin-Whitewater
Karen K. Kirst-Ashman
Professor Emeritus
University of Wisconsin-Whitewater
Sarah L. Hessenauer
Associate Professor
University of Wisconsin-Whitewater
Australia ● Brazil ● Mexico ● Singapore ● United Kingdom ● United States
Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-202
Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
This is an electronic version of the print textbook. Due to electronic rights restrictions,
some third party content may be suppressed. Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed
content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. The publisher reserves the right
to remove content from this title at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. For
valuable information on pricing, previous editions, changes to current editions, and alternate
formats, please visit www.cengage.com/highered to search by ISBN#, author, title, or keyword for
materials in your areas of interest.
Important Notice: Media content referenced within the product description or the product
text may not be available in the eBook version.
Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-202
Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Empowerment Series: Understanding © 2019, 2016 Cengage Learning, Inc.
Human Behavior and the Social
Environment, 11th edition Unless otherwise noted, all content is © Cengage.
Charles H. Zastrow, Karen K.
Kirst-Ashman, and Sarah L. Hessenauer ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright
herein may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means,
except as permitted by U.S. copyright law, without the prior written
Product Director: Marta Lee-Perriard
permission of the copyright owner.
Product Manager: Julie A. Martinez
Content Developer: Nicky Montalvo
For product information and technology assistance, contact us at
Product Assistant: Allison Balchunas Cengage Customer & Sales Support, 1-800-354-9706.
Media Developer: Bonnie Yee
For permission to use material from this text or product,
Marketing Manager: Zina Craft submit all requests online at www.cengage.com/permissions.
Further permissions questions can be e-mailed to
Manufacturing Planner: Karen Hunt [email protected].
Production Management and Composition:
MPS Limited
Library of Congress Control Number: 2017942823
Text and Cover Designer: Lisa Buckley
Cover Image: Afif Julio/EyeEm/Getty Images Student Edition:
ISBN: 978-1-337-55647-7
Cengage
20 Channel Center Street
Boston, MA 02210
USA
Cengage is a leading provider of customized learning solutions with
employees residing in nearly 40 different countries and sales in more
than 125 countries around the world. Find your local representative at
www.cengage.com.
Cengage products are represented in Canada by Nelson Education, Ltd.
To learn more about Cengage platforms and services, visit
www.cengage.com. To register or access your online learning solution
or purchase materials for your course, visit www.cengagebrain.com.
Printed in the United States of America
Print Number: 01 Print Year: 2017
Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-202
Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
To Taylor Grayson, Sydney Harper, and Aiden Joel Pauley
and Kathy Zastrow
Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-202
Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-202
Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
BBrriieeff CCoonntteennttss
1 Introduction to Human Behavior and the Social Environment 1
PART I Infancy and Childhood
2 Biological Development in Infancy and Childhood 45
3 Psychological Development in Infancy and Childhood 95
4 Social Development in Infancy and Childhood 159
5 Ethnocentrism and Racism 233
PART II Adolescence
6 Biological Development in Adolescence 282
7 Psychological Development in Adolescence 320
8 Social Development in Adolescence 361
9 Gender, Gender Identity, Gender Expression, and Sexism 410
PART III Young and Middle Adulthood
10 Biological Aspects of Young and Middle Adulthood 455
11 Psychological Aspects of Young and Middle Adulthood 485
12 Sociological Aspects of Young and Middle Adulthood 536
13 Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity 604
PART IV Later Adulthood
14 Biological Aspects of Later Adulthood 640
15 Psychological Aspects of Later Adulthood 672
16 Sociological Aspects of Later Adulthood 703
v
Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-202
Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
