Understanding development: issues and debates

345 Pages·2014·2.007 MB·English

by  Hopper, Paul

Understanding Development
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For Mum, Dad, Shaun, Tracey, Emma and Anna
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Understanding
Development
Issues and Debates
paul hopper
polity
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Copyright © Paul Hopper 2012
The right of Paul Hopper to be identifi ed as Author of this Work has been
asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act
1988.
First published in 2012 by Polity Press
Polity Press
65 Bridge Street
Cambridge CB2 1UR, UK
Polity Press
350 Main Street
Malden, MA 02148, USA
All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the
purpose of criticism and review, no part of this publication may be
reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by
any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise,
without the prior permission of the publisher.
ISBN-13: 978-0-7456-3894-2
ISBN-13: 978-0-7456-3895-9(pb)
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Typeset in 9.5 on 13 pt Swift Light
by Servis Filmsetting Ltd, Stockport, Cheshire
Printed and bound by MPG Books Group, UK
The publisher has used its best endeavours to ensure that the URLs for
external websites referred to in this book are correct and active at the time
of going to press. However, the publisher has no responsibility for the
websites and can make no guarantee that a site will remain live or that the
content is or will remain appropriate.
Every effort has been made to trace all copyright holders, but if any have
been inadvertently overlooked the publisher will be pleased to include any
necessary credits in any subsequent reprint or edition.
For further information on Polity, visit our website: www.politybooks.com
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Contents
Acknowledgements vi
Acronyms and Abbreviations vii
List of Boxes xii
Introduction: Understanding Development 1
1 Theorizing Development 25
2 Approaching Development 46
3 Health, Education and Population 64
4 Gender and Development 93
5 Confl ict, Security and Development 116
6 Trade and Development 138
7 Participation and Representation in Development 159
8 Financing Development: Foreign Aid and Debt 182
9 Sustainable Development 205
10 Globalization and Development 227
Conclusion: Development – Future Trajectories 248
Notes 261
References and Bibliography 267
Index 316
v
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Acknowledgements
I am extremely grateful to Dr Louise Knight, Emma Hutchinson and David
Winters, and their colleagues at Polity Press, for their extremely helpful advice
and professional assistance at every stage in the production of this book. I
would also like to thank my three anonymous reviewers who provided me
with extensive notes on my manuscript and much to think about. This book
has been enhanced because of their contribution. Of course, it goes without
saying that the errors that remain are my own.
In their different ways, the following colleagues in the Faculty of Arts at the
University of Brighton enabled me to write this book: Anne Boddington, Paddy
Maguire, Jonathan Woodham, Anne Galliot, Mark Devenney, Vicky Margree,
Lucy Noakes and Peter Jackson. Without their support this book may not have
seen the light of day. Thanks must also go to Andrea Cornwall and Tobias
Denskus at the Institute of Development Studies at the University of Sussex.
My ‘Race and Racism’ undergraduate students on the BA Humanities and
Cultural and Historical Studies degrees at the University of Brighton deserve
special mention. both for allowing me to course- test this book and for their
enthusiasm. Likewise, my undergraduate students on our BA Globalization:
History, Politics, Culture degree enabled me to fi ne- tune the book. I thoroughly
enjoyed teaching and working with you all.
Finally, I would like to thank my brother, Shaun Hopper, for sorting out my
never- ending computer and internet access problems. As with my previous
books, I dedicate this book to my family.
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Acronyms and Abbreviations
AAPPG Africa All Party Parliamentary Group
ACP Africa, the Caribbean and the Pacifi c region
ADB African Development Bank
ADF African Development Fund
AERC African Economic Research Consortium
AFTA ASEAN Free Trade Area initiative
AIDS Acquired Immune Defi ciency Syndrome
ART anti- retroviral therapy
ARV anti- retroviral
ASEAN South- East Asian Nations
ASI Adam Smith Institute
ATPC African Trade Policy Centre
AU African Union
BNA Basic Needs Approach
BWIs Bretton Woods Institutions
CAP Common Agricultural Policy
CBDR ‘common but differentiated responsibilities’
CBOs community- based organizations
CFCs chlorofl uorocarbons
CGD Commission on Growth and Development
CHS Commission on Human Security
CSD Commission on Sustainable Development
CSOs civil society organizations
DAC Development Assistance Committee
DAWN Development Alternatives for Women in a New Era
DDR disarmament, demobilization and reintegration
DFID UK Department for International Development
DPKO UN Department for Peacekeeping Operations
ECLA Economic Commission for Latin America
ECLAC Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean
ECOSOC United Nations Economic and Social Council
EFA Education for All
EHIPC Enhanced Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative
EJM Environmental Justice Movement
EPAs Economic Partnership Agreements
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viii Acronyms and Abbreviations
ESAF Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility
EU European Union
FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
FDI foreign direct investment
FIDES Fonds d’Investissement pour le Développement Economique et
Social
FLO Fairtrade Labelling Organizations International
FTAs free trade agreements
G- 77 Group of 77 countries
G8 Group of 8 countries (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan,
Russia, the UK and the USA)
GAD Gender and Development
GATS General Agreement on Trade in Services
GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
GDI Gender- related Development Index
GDP gross domestic product
GEF Global Environment Facility
GEG Global Environmental Governance
GEO Global Environment Outlook
GHI Global Hunger Index
GII Gender Inequality Index
GNI gross national income
GNP gross national product
GOARN Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network (part of the
WHO)
GROs grassroots organizations
HDI United Nations Human Development Index
HDR Human Development Report
HIPC Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative
HPI Human Poverty Index
HSRP Human Security Report Project
HSU UN Human Security Unit
ICANN Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers
ICC International Criminal Court
ICPD International Conference on Population and Development
ICTs information and communication technologies
IDA International Development Association
IDC International Development Committee (UK)
IDS Institute of Development Studies (Brighton, UK)
IFIs international fi nancial institutions
IFPRI International Food Policy Research Institute
IGO international intergovernmental organization
ILO International Labour Organization
IMF International Monetary Fund
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Acronyms and Abbreviations ix
INGOs international non- governmental organizations
IPA International Peace Academy
IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
IPDs infectious and parasitic diseases
IPFA Information Project for Africa
IPRs intellectual property rights
ISI import substitution industrialization
ITU International Telecommunication Union
KRIBP Kribhco Indo- British Farming Project
LA21 Local Agenda 21
LDCs least developed countries
LEDCs less economically developed countries
LICUS low income under stress
MDGs Millennium Development Goals
MDRI Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative
MEAs multilateral environmental agreements
MEDCs more economically developed countries
MMR maternal mortality rate
MNCs multinational corporations
MSF Médecins Sans Frontières (Doctors Without Borders)
MERCOSUR Southern Cone Common Market
NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement
NAM Non- Aligned Movement
NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization
NGOs non- governmental organizations
NICs newly industrializing countries
NIEs newly industrializing economies
NIEO New International Economic Order
NNGOs northern non- governmental organizations
NPA New Policy Agenda
NSDS national sustainable development strategy
OAU Organisation of African Unity
ODA Offi cial Development Assistance
ODI UK Overseas Development Institute
OECD Organization for Economic Co- operation and Development
OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
P5 Permanent Five members of the UN Security Council (China,
France,Russia, the UK and the USA)
PAR Participatory Action Research
PEPFAR US President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief
PPA Participatory Poverty Assessments
PRA participatory rural appraisal
PRGF Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility
PRSs Poverty Reduction Strategies
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