Underground space use: analysis of the past and lessons for the future. Proceedings of the 31st ITA-AITES World Tunnel Congress, 7–12 May 2005, Istanbul, Turkey

1238 Pages·2005·60.32 MB·English

by  Yücel Erdem

UNDERGROUND SPACE USE
ANALYSIS OF THE PAST AND LESSONS FOR THE FUTURE
Copyright © 2005 Taylor & Francis Group plc, London, UK
PROCEEDINGS OF THE 31ST ITA-AITES WORLD TUNNEL CONGRESS, 7–12 MAY 2005,
ISTANBUL, TURKEY
Underground Space Use
Analysis of the Past and Lessons
for the Future
Edited by
Yücel Erdem
Turkish Road Association, Turkey
Tülin Solak
General Directorate of Highways, Turkey
Volume 1 & 2

A.A. BALKEMA PUBLISHERS LEIDEN/ LONDON/ NEWYORK/ PHILADELPHIA/ SINGAPORE
Copyright © 2005 Taylor & Francis Group plc, London, UK
Copyright © 2005 Taylor & Francis Group plc, London, UK
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Published by: A.A. Balkema Publishers, a member of Taylor & Francis Group plc
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ISBN Set (consisting of 2 volumes and CD-ROM): 04 1537 452 9
ISBN Volume 1: 04 1537 453 7
ISBN Volume 2: 04 1537 458 8
ISBN CD-ROM: 04 1537 459 6
Printed in Great Britain
Copyright © 2005 Taylor & Francis Group plc, London, UK
Table of Contents
Preface xvii
Sponsors xix
Volume 1
Tunnels, environment and public
Positive impact of El Azhar road tunnels on environment, safety and tourism in Fatimid Cairo 3
A. Abd El M. Khalil
Why did the hydropower industry go underground? 9
E. Broch
Workforce competence in the United Kingdom tunnelling industry 15
R. Ibell, P.J. Jewell & D. Allenby
Microtunnelling or trench excavation: a comparison of the two alternatives 21
D. Peila & M. Bottero
Tunnels related to Metro, Highway and Sewerage schemes in Istanbul 27
M.C. Gumusoglu
Underground space use in Ancient Anatolia: the Cappadocia example 35
A. Erdem & Y. Erdem
Explosion tests in drainage pipes of long tunnels 41
V. Wetzig
A multi-level tunnel for Amsterdam Zuidas 45
L.I. Vákár, Th. S. de Wilde & E.L. Megens
Planning, research, development and design aspects on underground
structures
Design of pressure tunnels of Ermenek hydro power plant 53
M. Marence & A. Oberladstätter
Three-dimensional rock mass documentation in conventional tunnelling using JointMetriX3D 59
A. Gaich, W. Schubert & M. Pötsch
Highway D5 Pilsen highway by-pass – the Valik Tunnel 65
J. Svoboda & M. Salacˇ
A risk based methodology for optimum tunnel configuration 71
D.P. Richards, M.A. Hudson & M. Whitaker
Effect of ground water on tunnel face stability in the soft ground 77
S. Konishi, T. Ono, T. Kitagawa, H. Iida, A. Isogai & T. Matsunaga
Development of Anchor sheet segment and Push Resin Joint 85
S. Okamoto, Y. Yamamoto & T. Kunifuji
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Observational method for tunnel construction in difficult conditions considering 93
environmental impact to groundwater
H. Ohtsu, Y. Ohnishi, T. Nishioka, K. Takahashi & T. Yasuda
Research plan and construction outline of the Mizunami Underground 101
Research Laboratory (MIU) in large depth for geoscience and geological
disposal fundamental research
M. Sakamaki, T. Sato, S.-I. Mikake, T. Kanata,K. Nakamura, M. Kubo, K. Akiyoshi,
M. Noda, Y. Nishikawa & J. Nobutoh
Water-tightening design and construction of tailbay tunnels at Kannagawa Power Plant 109
F. Kawashima, M. Yamasaki, H. Ozawa, S. Ishizaki, T. Otani & N. Igarashi
Study on state and pattern analysis of Tunnel Portal Slope in Korea 117
Y. Baek, O.I. Kwon, H.B. Koo & G.J. Bae
Desilting chambers of Nathpa Jhakri hydroelectric project – case study of problems during 123
construction and remedial measures
S.P.S. Chauhan & R. Jeyaseelan
Oporto light train. Bolhão station design 129
R.S. Pistone & M.C. Costa
A design case study of the very wide 3-arch tunnel under the railroad station building 135
S.B. Chang, S. Kwon, S.J. Moon & S.D. Lee
Rock mass characterization and primary support design for the Boztepe Tunnel, Turkey 141
E. Sopaci, H. Akgün & M. Akinci
Tunnel and portal stability assessment in weak rock 149
M.K. Koçkar & H. Akgün
Three-dimensional regions in tunnels 157
H. Gercek
Surface settlement prediction for Istanbul Metro tunnels via 3D FE and empirical methods 163
S.G. Ercelebi, H. Copur, N. Bilgin & C. Feridunoglu
Transportation demands in Istanbul and New York 171
A. Gursoy
Experimental study for shear behavior of pseudo rock joint under constant normal stiffness 175
condition
H.-R. Rim, H.-J. Choi, B.-K. Son, C.-I. Lee & J.-J. Song
The effect of spatial distribution in geotechnical design parameters on tunnel deformation 183
K.I. Song, G.C. Cho, I.M. Lee & S.W. Lee
Behaviour of a large cross-section tunnel in a large-scale model test 191
C.J. Lee, J.S. Kim, N.Y. Ryu, S.D. Lee, K.H. Jeong & J.W. Yang
GIS-based application and intelligent management of geotechnical information and 197
construction data in tunnelling
C.Y. Kim, S.W. Hong, K.Y. Kim, S.H. Baek, G.J. Bae, B.H. Han & K.S. Jue
A new approach to estimate plastic region near tunnel considering excavation induced 205
damage and in situ rock mass condition
M. Sagong & J.S. Lee
The influence of the round length on the stability of tunnel face and unsupported span 211
Y. Zoo, Lee, W. Schubert & C.-Y. Kim
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Effect of tunnelling and groundwater interaction on ground and lining responses 217
C. Yoo, S.B. Kim, H.C. Shin & S.C. Baek
Application of the multiple-layer supporting method to a tunnel in squeezing argillaceous rocks 225
S. Kemmochi, E. Taketsu, A. Ogawa, T. Aoki, M. Koike, R. Morita, H. Shirahata,
N. Koya & M. Matsubara
On design analyses of NATM-tunnels 233
S.C. Möller & P.A. Vermeer
Case study of 3D fracture aperture density distribution technique on the assessment of 239
tunnel safety at new constructing road
B.-J. Lee, J.-Y. Kim & Y.-S. Kim
A study on the reinforcement effect of Umbrella Arch Method and prediction of 245
tunnel crown and surface settlement
S.-H. Kim, S.-H. Baek & H.-K. Moon
Numerical analysis of geotechnical parameters on subsidence due to underground mining 253
D.S. Cheon, S.O. Choi, Y.S. Jeon & C. Ryu
Model testing of perpendicularly spaced tunnels 259
S.-H. Kim
Design and construction of NATM underground station tunnel by using the forepoling 265
method in difficult conditions for Athens Metro
P. Kontothanassis, N. Koronakis, A. Karinas & S. Massinas
Design of water isolation grouting for reducing high water inflows in urban shallow tunnels 271
N. Koronakis, P. Kontothanassis, D. Katsaris & J. Bournazos
Gotthard Base Tunnel – Sedrun section 277
Mastering squeezing rock zones
H. Ehrbar
Engineering geology and design of primary support of road tunnels. Cases 283
from the Egnatia roadway
N. Kazilis & G. Aggistalis
Rock reinforcement design for unstable tunnels originally excavated in very poor rock mass 291
R. Osgoui & E. Ünal
Estimation of subsidence due to mining using artificial neural network – preliminary study 297
Y.B. Jung, D.S. Cheon & S.O. Choi
Model tests on shotcrete to analyze early age behavior of tunnel support 303

T.B. Celestino & D.A. Ferreira
Design aspects of the Bangkok Blue Line Extension 309
C. Photayanuvat, N. Phien-wej & S. Suwansawat
Teaching tunnels: knowledge management and on-line databases 315
R.-M. Faure, J.-F. Thimus, G. Hemond, N. Faure & B. Lecomte
The 9 km long Kallidromo Tunnel of the New Highspeed Railway Line Athens-Thessaloniki, 321
Greece, Tunnel sections in squeezing ground
W. Wittke, B. Wittke-Schmitt & D. Schmitt
New high-speed railway lines Stuttgart 21 and Wendlingen-Ulm – approximately 100 km of tunnels 327
W. Wittke & C. Erichsen
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Status of Japanese underground research laboratory design and construction of 335
1000 m-deep shafts and research tunnels
T. Sato, M. Imazu, S. Mikake, T. Tamai, M. Yamamoto & M. Sakamaki
Tunnel portal problems in landslide areas – Black Sea Highway Project, Turkey 343
M. Vardar, B. Koçak & H. Karaog(cid:1)lan
Jet-Grout application at Sarayköy Tunnel interval portals 347
M. Vardar, H. Karaoglan, K. Kaya & R. Mucukgil
Case study – deformations and remedial measures for Nefise Akçelik and Asarkayasi 353
tunnels on Black Sea Costal Road Project
M. Vardar, H. Karaoglan, Z. Etkesen & E. Akis
Metsovitikos river north alignment of Egnatia Motorway. The concept and the tunnel designs 357
N. Kazilis, Ch. Georganopoulos & G. Aggistalis
New developments in excavation and construction technology for rock
and soft ground tunnelling
New tunnel construction technique of pipe-roof method in saturated soft soil 365
J.k. Ge
Tunnelling in difficult ground and groundwater conditions 371
H. Quick & S. Meissner
Visualizing excavated soil flow in the cutter chamber of a large earth pressure balanced shield 377
H. Dobashi, Y. Sakurai, Y. Konishi, S. Ouchi, K. Matsubara, A. Kitayama & H. Takahashi
Planning and construction of Keelung River Yuanshantzu Flood-Diversion Tunnel Project 385
H. Shimizu, H. Hamada, T. Yasunaga, K. Taira & M. Kuniya
Application of the tunnel face reinforcement and fore-piling 391
T. Yamamoto, K. Murakami, S. Shirasagi, K. Negishi, K. Nishioka & T. Kobayashi
Tunnel excavation penetrating active landslide area – second-TOMEI Expressway Inasa 397
No. 2 Tunnel
S. Tayama, K. Kanzawa, H. Hirano & S. Isoda
A deep open-cut excavation with three types of continuous retaining walls 405
H. Tsunoda, Y. Endo, I. Kamegaya, H. Kawakami, K. Fukumoto & A. Ueda
Application of the multiple-layer supporting method to a tunnel in squeezing argillaceous rocks 413
S. Kemmochi, E. Taketsu, A. Ogawa, T. Aoki, M. Koike, R. Morita, H. Shirahata, N. Koya & M. Matsubara

Support structure for tunneling in squeezing ground and secondary lining design 421
J. Yorita, M. Hanita, H. Takahara, K. Kawahara, H. Takahashi & M. Mitarashi
Ground reinforcement by the Pre-Supporting System Arch (PSS-Arch) method 427
K. Miyashita, H. Takahashi, M. Teranishi, S. Iwanaga, M. Inada, T. Matsuo & A. Nakakita
From research to practice “Development of Rapid Excavation Technologies” 435
S. Eskikaya, N. Bilgin, C. Balci & H. Tuncdemir
Jacked box tunnelling, a non-intrusive technique for constructing underbridges 443
J.W.T. Ropkins & D. Allenby
Ground borne vibration on the East Side Access Project Manhattan segment: issues and impacts 449
A. Benslimane, D.A. Anderson, N. Munfakh & S. Zlatanic
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An experimental study on the development of high performance shotcrete for permanent tunnel support 455
S.P. Lee, D.H. Kim, J.H. Ryu, J.Y. Yu, S.D. Lee, S.H. Han, M.S. Choi & C. Park
Successful application of the observational design method to difficult tunnel 463
conditions – Driskos tunnel
P. Grasso, G. Scotti, G. Blasini, M. Pescara, V. Floria & N. Kazilis
Ground freezing improvement for TBM maintenance in Singapore 471
J. Itoh, Y.-S. Lee, S.-W. Yoo & S.-D. Lee
High pressure jet grouting in tunnels – a case study 477
A. Da Vià, M. Marotta & G. Peach
Gotthard Base Tunnel: special aspects and state of the works 485
M. Rehbock-Sander & Y. Boissonnas
Dobrovskeho Tunnels in Brno, CZ 491
V. Horak, J. Pechman & J. Rozek
New method of underground structures using multi elements which are jointed with the 497
specific junctions
M. Shimizu, A. Watanabe, K. Nishijima, M. Kurisu, K. Kuwabara, T. Genjun & E. Arakawa
Contract management, financing and risk analysis
The control of heavy squeezing phenomena in an Austrian road tunnel 505
N. Ayaydin & G. Huber
A study on the development of MI (Multiple Index) System for risk assessment of 509
tunnelling in urban subway
Y.G. Wye, J.K. Park, D.U. You, C.R. Choi, Y.G. Kim & D.H. Lee
Determination of construction method for Young Dong Tunnel by risk assessment 515
Y.-II. Kim, Y.-H. Yoon, S.-K. Cho, J.-S. Kim & N.-Y. Lee
Managing the construction contract for the tunnels of the Bilbao Metro 521
J. Madinaveitia
Constr.uction of highway tunnel financed by B.O.T. model management of risks in financing 527
Ünal Ilker
Cost estimating and risk – management for underground projects 533
J.J. Reilly
A Tunneling Game Model for good tunneling practice 539
L. Rosas-Sanchez
Operation, maintenance, drainage, water proofing, rehabilitation, renovation
and repair of underground structures
New waterproof structure for New Austrian Tunneling Method 549
T. Komatsu, T. Nakamura, H. Kanda & M. Takada
Behavior of support structure of existing tunnels during enlargement of cross section 555
H. Mashimo, T. Ishimura, N. Isago & S. Morimoto
The underground drainage system using New Tubular Roof Method 563
P. Inn-Joon, K. Jeong-Yoon, Y. Kwang-Ho, K. Chang-Won & K. Kyong-Gon
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Waterproofing of an emergency escape tunnel by employing an innovative sprayable 571
membrane: the Giswil highway tunnel project, Switzerland
W. Meier, K.G. Holter & S. Haeusermann
BioSealing: how micro-organisms become our little allies in repairing leaks in 575
underground constructions
V. Veenbergen, J.W.M. Lambert, E.E. van der Hoek, A.F. van Tol & S.I. Weersma
Tunnel automation systems 581
M. Barut
Quantitative assessment of structural fire endurance of concrete and shotcrete tunnel liners 585
A. Caner, S. Zlatanic & N. Munfah
Consolidation and excavation works for the upgrading of Frejus tunnel 591
M. Pescara, G. Russo, F. Valdemarin & P. Grasso
Rehabilitation of Malatya-Narlı No: 7 Railroad Tunnel 599
B. Divleli & E. Unal
Safety aspects of railway tunnel: Example of the Lötschberg railway tunnel 605
B. Crausaz, A. Weatherill & P. Gerber
Tunnel refurbishment under railway operations 613
A. W. Ackermann & F. Modetta
Renewal of the Alpine San Bernardino tunnel with traffic flowing 619
P. Wenger & L. Schönenberger
Energy-saving lighting system for road tunnel 625
S. Nagai, S. Ishida, M. Shinji & K. Nakagawa
Earthquake hazards and seismic design of underground structures
Seismic design method of immersed tunnel and effects of flexible joints 635
O. Kiyomiya
Seismic microzonation of Küçükçekmece-Halkalı region in Istanbul 641
H. Kılıç, P. T. Özener, M. Yıldırım, S. Adatepe & H. Demir
Seismic behaviour of tunnels in soft soil: parametric numerical study and investigation 649
on the causes of failure of the Bolu tunnel (Düzce, Turkey, 1999)
A. Giannakou, P. Nomikos, I. Anastasopoulos, A. Sofianos, G. Gazetas & P. Yiouta-Mitra
Seismic assessment results and actual application in the complex ground conditions of 657
Bolu tunnels after the 1999 Duzce earthquake
M. Ozben, F. Tokgozoglu & S. Isik

Volume 2
Geological and geotechnical investigations
Geotechnical & tunnelling conditions below buried valleys in Sydney, Australia. 669
Robert J. Whiteley
Geological risk assessment at the design stage in tunnel construction using GIS 675
technique: the case of the A1 Highway Base Tunnel in the Apennines (Italy)
D. Furesi, M. Coli & G. Pini
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The study on the geotechnical factors effecting the excavation performance in Istanbul 681
Metro Tunnels
Ö. Selimoglu
Geotechnical investigation program for the No. 7 subway line extension project, New York 687
E.C. Wang, R.B. Roberts, L.M. Hsia, C.M. Osborne, R. Jeremic & C.C. Chang
Some aspects for geotechnical investigations for TBM and NATM tunneling in rock 694
W. Wittke, J.H. Gattermann & P. Wittke-Gattermann
Rock mass classification and support design of the Kuskunkiran Tunnel in Van 701
E. Karahan, S. Cosar, S. Sözer & K. Kaya
Tunnel machines and mechanical excavations
The development and application of shield posture automatic measuring system 709
X. Yue
Research on shield tunneling technology in urgent curve metro tunnels 715
Y. Chen. J. Yang & J. Zhu
Geotechnical and mechanical interactions using the earth-pressure balanced shield 723
technology in difficult mixed face and hard rock conditions
U. Maidl
Soil conditioning for EPB machines: balance of functional and ecological properties 729
L. Langmaack & Q. Feng
Clogging of TBM drives in clay – identification and mitigation of risks 737
M. Thewes & W. Burger
Tunnel support by fully grouted rock bolts for fast TBM advance 743
M. Alber & S. Rühl
Geodetic instrumentation for use on machine bored tunnels 749
N. Clarke-Hackston, M. Messing & E. Ullrich
Development of divergence construction technology for deep road tunnels 759
H. Shikata & T. Aso
Application of ‘casting support tunneling system using TBM’to unconsolidated soil 765
with high groundwater level
H. Iida, T. Kitagawa, K. Chishiro, T. Ono, Yu. Koyama & A. Koizumi
Shield tunneling technologies in Japan 773
T. Goto, T. Masaka, K. Miki & S. Takaku
Compact shield tunneling method 779
M. Matsuura, S. Takaku, Y. Nagashima & Y. Moriya
Continuous tight curved belt conveyor of R30m did a TBM drift excavation a lot of 785
good-Shimizu No.4 tunnel on 2nd Tomei Expressway
M. Noda, Y. Inoue, T. Fujita & K. Akiyoshi
Study on the deformation and load bearing capacity of TBM shield tunnel lining in fire 793
H. Tajima, M. Kishida, T. Kanda & T. Morita
The design and construction of a shield tunnel which have a non-excavating extension 801
part in the middle by the Japan longest distance class
M. Takahashi, T. Tsunekawa, T. Kamei, T. Tsuji & K. Takimoto
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