Underground Infrastructure of Urban Areas 3

335 Pages·2014·33.34 MB·English

by  Cezary Madryas

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EDITORS: CEZARY MADRYAS, ANDRZEJ KOLONKO,
BEATA NIENARTOWICZ & ARKADIUSZ SZOT
Underground infrastructure undoubtedly constitutes one of the most
important engineering components of urbanized areas. Such infrastructure
includes energy distribution, communications and water, carry away
sewage, elements of transportation systems of goods and people, storage
facilities of articles, liquids and gases, as well as commercial, recreational
and research activities and other functions.
Underground Infrastructure of Urban Areas 3 is dedicated to the oU
research, design, implementation and maintenance of infrastructure systems, f n
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as well as communication tunnels and building structures (garages, tanks,
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etc.) in urbanized areas. The book collects contributions from several br
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countries, presenting current scientific and technical issues associated with nr
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this area of the building industry. Both theoretical issues and case studies Au
on the design, execution and testing of underground infrastructures rn
ed
(professional and academic) are included in the present work. a

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Presenting the state-of-the-art in underground infrastructure of urbanized fr
a
areas, the book aims at academics, designers and builders of structures,
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producers and suppliers of building materials, equipment, and un- r
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derground structures, and also at those managing and maintaining these
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structures. t
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an informa business
UNDERGROUND INFRASTRUCTURE OF URBAN AREAS 3
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Underground Infrastructure
of Urban Areas 3
Editors
Cezary Madryas, Andrzej Kolonko,
Beata Nienartowicz & Arkadiusz Szot
Institute of Civil Engineering, Wrocław University of Technology,
Wrocław, Poland
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CRC Press /Balkema is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2015 Taylor & Francis Group, London, UK
Typeset by V Publishing Solutions Pvt Ltd., Chennai, India
Printed and bound in Great Britain by CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon, CR0 4YY
All rights reserved. No part of this publication or the information contained herein may be
reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without written prior permission from the
publisher.
Although all care is taken to ensure integrity and the quality of this publication and the informa-
tion herein, no responsibility is assumed by the publishers nor the author for any damage to the
property or persons as a result of operation or use of this publication and/or the information
contained herein.
Published by: CRC Press/Balkema
P.O. Box 11320, 2301 EH Leiden, The Netherlands
e-mail: [email protected]
www.crcpress.com – www.taylorandfrancis.com
ISBN: 978-1-138-02652-0 (Hbk + CD-ROM)
ISBN: 978-1-315-72295-5 (eBook PDF)
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Underground Infrastructure of Urban Areas 3 – Madryas et al. (Eds)
© 2015 Taylor & Francis Group, London, ISBN 978-1-138-02652-0
Table of contents
Preface vii
Trenchless installation technologies of sea outfalls, intakes and landfalls 1
D. Petrow-Ganew, L. Zur Linde & T. Abel
Special cements and concrete durability 13
A. Garbacik, W. Drożdż & Z. Giergiczny
Durability of composites made with fly ash—slag cements with a low content
of Portland cement clinker 21
Z. Giergiczny & K. Synowiec
Trenchless pipe construction: Benefits by hard and soft evaluation criteria 29
H. Görg & A. Krüger
Image processing and analysis as a diagnostic tool for an underground
infrastructure technical condition monitoring 39
H. Kleta & A. Heyduk
Variable-diameter conduits for water grids 47
A. Kolonko & A. Kolonko
Improved road embankment loess substrate under earthquake hazards 53
J. Kozubal, A. Szot & D. Steshenko
Influence of PVC pipe deflection on the thickness of CIPP rehabilitation liners 63
E. Kuliczkowska
The effect of glazing of vitrified clay pipes to load capacity growth of them
after rehabilitation with CIPP liners 73
A. Kuliczkowski & K. Mogielski
The technical and economic conditions for the construction of the central section
of Metro Line II in Warsaw 85
J. Lejk
Deformations of corrugated steel tunnel during construction 97
C. Machelski & L. Janusz
Microtunneling as an alternative for crossing rivers during the execution
of urban network infrastructure 105
C. Madryas, L. Wysocki, J. Ośmiałowski & M. Ośmiałowski
The FEM back-analysis of earth pressure coefficient at rest in Brno clay
K with the homogenization of steel/shotcrete lining 113
0
J. Rott & D. Mašín
Risk assessment for infrastructures of urban areas 125
P.M. Mayer, A.S. Corriols, P. Hartkorn & M. Messing
Influence of experience acquired in the construction of the Warsaw Metro on current
designs of underground structures 137
H. Michalak
Modern devices for detecting leakages in water supply networks 149
K. Miszta-Kruk, M. Kwietniewski, A. Malesińska & J. Chudzicki
v
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Evaluation of deep excavation impact on surrounding structures—a case study 161
M. Mitew-Czajewska
Vertical drilling depths in solid rock with the flame melting drilling technique 173
D.P.F. Moeller & R. Bielecki
Analysis of selected aspects of the operation of pipelines renewed with the relining
method on the basis of laboratory testing results 181
B. Nienartowicz
Impact of pressure control on water loses in distribution net 191
F.G. Piechurski
Key factors of success in pipe jacking, explained by means of a project realized
in the Atacama desert—the first jacking project in Chile after almost 20 years:
Preparation is the key! 201
B. Prommegger
Trenchless technologies for the construction of small diameter water supply
and sewer networks—selected issues 211
B. Przybyła
Realistic classification of stoneware sewerage network technical condition 223
A. Raganowicz, J. Dziopak & D. Słyś
Models of level diversification assessment of Water Supply Subsystem 237
J.R. Rak & A. Włoch
Construction of metro station underneath the existing road tunnel 245
A. Siemińska-Lewandowska
Hydraulic analysis of functioning of the Przemyśl town sewage system 253
D. Słyś, J. Dziopak & A. Raganowicz
Buried steel structures in urban infrastructure—underpass on the Kapitulna street
in Włocławek 261
P. Tomala, A. Marecki, M. Woch & K. Mikołajczak
Application of prestressed concrete pipes to deep pipelines 267
R. Wróblewski & A. Kmita
The specificity of construction of eco civil engineering objects in transport
infrastructure using trenchless technology 275
A. Wysokowski & C. Madryas
Subway in Wroclaw 285
M. Żabiński, M. Gallas, K. Herma-Lempart, M. Kozłowska-Święconek,
M. Majka, P. Matyja, A. Rygała & B. Stopka
The Wrocław metro: Geology, hydrogeology and tunneling perspective 297
A. Żelaźniewicz & PAN-METRO Group
Analysis and evaluation of progress in the implementation of a road tunnel under
the Martwa Wisła River in Gdańsk, Poland 309
I. Żygowska, P. Czech, S. Gapiński, A. Łosiński, K. Smolibowska & A. Templin
Author index 325
vi
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Underground Infrastructure of Urban Areas 3 – Madryas et al. (Eds)
© 2015 Taylor & Francis Group, London, ISBN 978-1-138-02652-0
Preface
The development of modern urban areas increasingly requires the use of underground space.
Research in the underground infrastructure of cities should be primarily devoted to studies aimed
at developing integration models of underground transportation systems with network systems
for media transportation in the newly developed underground space. This requires primarily the
identification and description of the technical condition of the underground infrastructure in cit-
ies. Failure to undertake or delay in research work—both theoretical and in laboratories and on
existing structures—will prevent improvement of the standard of living and sustainable city devel-
opment which is closely related to improved quality of freight and passenger transportation.
In order to meet contemporary expectations, it is necessary to build transportation tunnels,
underground parking lots, underground rail in cities which results in a need to construct, recon-
struct and modernise many elements of network infrastructure. As the international experiences
shows, the scale of the issue is gigantic and adjustment of cities to the expectations of their inhabit-
ants with respect to living standards requires enormous intensification of efforts not only in terms
of science (theoretical) but also practical, concerning modernised operation programs of under-
ground infrastructure facilities and modern designs with respect to modernisation and expansion
thereof. The situation is similar in the large cities in Poland where the researches in this direction
are intensified. The results of these studies are already visible. Examples are:
– the construction of a road tunnel in Gdansk,
– the completion of the tunnels of the second line of the subway tunnels in Warsaw,
– the construction of utility tunnel under the Vistula river in Warsaw,
– analysis towards the construction of underground railways in other cities, such as Kraków and
Wrocław,
– renovation and construction of many of sewerage collectors using trenchless technology.
Special attention should be focused on the strategy to adjust the sewage network to municipal
needs which is due to the fact that combined sewers in the structure—contrary to other pipelines—
very often have very large diameters, often similar to the diameter of underground transportation
tunnels. Further, it is a system that occupies the largest part of underground structures in cities
(without a developed underground rail system) if we include inspection chambers, pumping sta-
tions, holding tanks and other facilities. Therefore, in order to adjust cities to intensified under-
ground developments it is necessary first to undertake research work to improve the processes of
operation, modernisation and potential reconstruction of sewage systems. Without such efforts,
sustainable development of urban agglomerations will not be possible.
The monography is a compilation of work by many authors who presented the results of their
analytical work of many years concerning designing, construction and operation of underground
facilities. Many authors also identified the development directions required for an optimum use of
underground space in the studied cities. Thanking the authors for their intellectual contribution to
the monography, I trust that it will be of interest to people interested in underground infrastruc-
ture in urban agglomerations and will be helpful to their work.
Cezary Madryas
Main Editor
vii
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Underground Infrastructure of Urban Areas 3 – Madryas et al. (Eds)
© 2015 Taylor & Francis Group, London, ISBN 978-1-138-02652-0
Trenchless installation technologies of sea outfalls, intakes
and landfalls
D. Petrow-Ganew & L. Zur Linde
Herrenknecht AG, Schwanau, Germany
T. Abel
Wroclaw University of Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
ABSTRACT: This paper is a technical description of the technologies for trenchless instal-
lation of sea outfalls, seawater intakes and lanfalls. Trenchless installation technologies have
less impact on the environment and the existing infrastructure than other methods applying
open cut trenching. Additionally, the pipeline is better protected against damage and there-
fore has a higher life expectancy. For the installation of sea outfalls and seawater intakes,
Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD), Pipe Jacking (Microtunnelling) and Segment Lin-
ing methods may be applied depending on the site and ground conditions, pipe diameter
and length to be installed as well as on constructability and economic factors. Herrenknecht
manufactures and supplies all types of tunnelling machines and ancillary equipment to facili-
tate different installation concepts for landfall seawater intakes outfalls. For these concepts,
the following trenchless installation techniques can be applied:
• Pipe Jacking, Microtunnelling
• Segment Lining
• Direct Pipe/Easy Pipe
• Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD).
For the installation technologies mentioned above project examples are given and the
mode of installation described by the help of figures. The advantages and disadvantages are
given for each of the installation methods.
1 INTRODUCTION
The situation in coastal areas is becoming critical. More and more people are moving to the
world´s urban centers. Big cities are turning into megacities with more than 5 million inhabit-
ants. Most of these megacities grow up in coastal areas. Cities like Jakarta, Lagos, Manila,
Mumbai, Bangkok, New York, Osaka-Kobe, Rio de Janeiro and Shanghai have one thing in
common: they are all located on narrow stretches of coast line. More than 40 percent of the
world´s population already live within 100 kilometres of the sea, another 40 percent live in
cities along the rivers. Thus, the majority of the world population lives close to waters. The
challenge to match in these places is to provide people with sufficient potable water and to
handle sewage disposal to assure health and quality of life.
In the construction of utility infrastructures in coastal areas or in river regions, tunneled
Outfalls, Intakes and Landfalls are en effective and sustainable method. With the help of
sea outfalls (including river outfalls in the following) wastewater can be transported away
from the coastline or river bank and discharged at locations where diffusion, dispersion and
decomposition are enhanced. The municipal wastewater may be fully treated, pre-treated or
untreated.
1
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