Un ebreo marginale. Ripensare il Gesù storico. Compagni e antagonisti

717 Pages·2003·24.977 MB·Italian

by  John P. Meier, Flavio Dalla Vecchia (editor)

JoPh.Mn e ier
UNE BREO
MARGINALE
RipeniGslea srsùet orico
3.
Compaea gnntia gonisti
QUERINIANA
Imprimatur
+ MonsR.o beArt. B rucatV.oJ,.
NewY ork1,7m agg2i0o0 1
Titoolroi ginale
A Margi]newa.R! e thintkhHiein sgt o]riecsauls .
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RINGRAZIAMENTI
In questtoe r�ozlown de iU n ebmarregoi innanlaetn uztdite ovr oi n­
graziip aarzeil eenttctiho hera in antot esoa tlauqnnutgeoots etrapz aar ­
ted elslearR iien.g rpaozaiin oci hv ea ri deco htitrourcrihg eh im i hanno
visattot ravdeirvsemararsleea stetreiii een tervcehnheta in,cn oos tituito
un'imporratganiptoeencr eu l iac ompadriqs uae svtool uèms et actoaas ì
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parole comèo dtaumtetnolt oemr eor.i to
Compee irp ridmuive o luumnipa,a rodliria n grazièau mgeunalt­o
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peirml i poa ssadgalglCiaao t hUonliivce rAsmietryai W coaafs hington,
DC,a ll'UnivNeortsriet ynD eaolmfle ' I-nidplia asnsaaè gs gtiaot a
unal'trraa gidoenrlei tanrecdloo m pleqtuaersveto ol uTmreia. maimeii­
cail Claat hUonliivce dresvisotp ye,cr iialnig razaiipam reonfteCish sroir­i
stopT.h Beerg Jgo,s eAp.Fh i tzmJyoehPrn.G, a lvFirna,nT c.i sG ignac,
DavWi.dJ ohnsWoinl,lP i.La ome weFe r ank]. TMriaam t ieenriua o.v i
collaeN gohtiDr aem ec,hs eo nsot amtoila tcoc ogeld iiesnptoin ibili con
unp rofugcoo rdreidlde Noloi rod -sEpsetcr,ii alin grazsioandmooe ­nti
vuatipi r ofeDsasvoEir.dAiu nJeo,s eBplhe nkiJnoshoCnp.C p a,v adini,
LawrenCcuen nSi.n Jgohsaemp,Mh .iF noerM da,ry C atheHriilnkee rt,
RobeAr.Kt riBelga,Lk eey eHrilnedN,ya jmJaenr,o Hm.Ne e yrTehyo,­
maF.s O'MeaHruag,Rh . P agMei,c hAa.eS li gnGerre,g Eo.rS yt erling,
RobeEr.St u llEiuvgaenCn,.Ue l reiJ cahm Ce.sV adnerKAa lmo.vr aon ­
noa ggituuntgttliii amminbiisbtlriaoertt ioecrceiar,rcc iha deti,os riin te­
ressateat maelnvatonelo tnai mahmaennantioeu ,t iamlti olo a voTrroia.
mieeixa llei evcio llavboorrrraeitino grriia,nzp i aarrtei Mcioclahraee l
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Ho antcrhaemt otlot o pdraollpfieut btboli caez viaoo lntiec odnasil­
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6 Ringiarmomzti
molcthipe o trebesbseerroe .vcòibfttirH'ln,e nziiop nraorfeeD sasloCeri.
AlliJsaomneD,s. GD.u nnB,a rDt.E hrmaPna,u Flrae dr,i ksDeaJnn.i el
HarrinEgltiozna,Ab .e.Jt ohh nEs.oP.Sna ,n dsJe,arcqSucehsl oesN s.eTr.
WrigNhetl.l '2a0n0nh0ooa, vu tiopl r ividlise cgaimob oipairneic ooinn i
profesDsuonrnHi,a rrinJgothonnse,oS na nddeurrs aunntc eo nvegno
tenuptroe sismloa rdeiG aliilnIe sar aele.
Comep eirp ridmuiev oluhmoia ,p porfititmamteon samdeengtlei
screid tetclio nsigilinos isdgtinu id eiborsseiip ,e cialipm reonftees sori
Shay.eDC].o heLno,u isF eHl.d meaJancno Nbe usnoelrta,rim e i ediu e
colleebgrhaeili Fl aac otletoàl odgiNi octeaDr ameip, r ofeNsasjomrai n
eS ignIenru.td iilrceeh em iier ii ngraznioanmd eenvtoin o ienstseerr­e
pretcaotmile ' earmfafziocnhee quaelststrtiiu dciiotspairt iinm eac es­
o
sariamceonntceo rcdoainnm oi epiu ndtivi i sDteav.o assluapm ieernea
responsdaeblpilolasi itzàai doonteqt uacito,am deit utgtleiir rdoirf ia tto
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Comes emphroeu ,n os pecdieabliedt igo r atitcoundi idlni er etteo­re
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tervea erir rimobrair azzTarniart eid.a tdtiDo oruib levdoaryrs,ea il eu tar
specialMmaernFktr ee tAzn der eCwo rbPienilr.l orsoe mplmiaci em ­
portasnotset egno perrsiognnraalzeii,asl ri egd neeov rosl iagn ora Ro­
berMtc Quie.
Ung rartioc onoscèid moevuntptoeo ir pl e rmedsirs ios tamgpraarne
partem adteelro irailgei naplumbebnltinece alstleoeg uernitvii« Ts htee:
Ciroclfte hT ew elvDei:ld tE xidsutir nJge sPuusb'li Mci nistinr JyB?L»,
161( 19976)3 5-«6T7h2De;e baotnet hRee surrectthiDeoe na dAo:nf
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INTRODUZIONE AL TERZO VOLUME
LER ELAZIDOENLIL' EBRGEEOS Ù
CONA LTREIB REI
l.L' argomentoa ldceee tlne trrvzool ume:
Ler elazioni deGlels'ùceo nba rletiorn id iveigru dpupii e braici
Il ettpoarzii deenpitr ii dmuiev oludmiUi ne brmeaogr insaisl oen o
imbarcianut niv iagagcicou rattarmaecnctdieaqa uteos tpiroenlii minari
genersaulli Gesù storicpoi pùaa r tciocnocclolanurcsiris eouten e i
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quesetnoi gmaetbirc.eo o 'Cuonnp asismop ertursboanpboai slseda at i
unn'iiziraalses edgimn eat oedf ino tait,t ragvleiirn sidoze ilv liate da e l
minisdtiGe ersoaù i,p rincdiepteata lizi i odneils luaa vipcuebnbdlai ca.
Dopcoh iepl r ivmool udim Uen e brmeaor gianvaeldveea l inleosa ftoon ­
dol,ac r onoleo pgiri iaam nind iiG esilùs ,e covnodlou mmeet taef vuao ­
co deit cthii aev feia tdtiGi e slùas: upar oclamaziroengedn ioDd ieol,
futureop reseenl tase u,ra e alizzdaifz taitsoion rep rencdheeeng teli i i
suodii scecpoonlsii demriarvaacnQooul eis.ct oan centrsauzmlie osn­e
saggesi uomi i radcioG leisè ùs taitnat emnasl ai miCtoantl a'n.ui ceac ce­
ziodneeml e ntodriGe e sGùi,o vaBnantit iislse tcao,vn odlou pmuen tava
ilr ifleitnt oprieeG neoss ùts eus Gseoss,ùo lGoe,s rùi flensesslou o mes­
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Quesltiam imteastsafa u oapc or elimnienslae rceo ndo evroualn u me
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Dioè'd ibatet upteor scuhpép omisi tria cdoiGl eis ù spoincùoo nit ro­
verdsiti u tist uiof tiat Mia. oèrt ae mpdio a llarlg'aorbei ientttoiarv noo
Gesù. Neesssseuurmnea nèoa deguatacmoemnptrseee ès co o nsiderato
ini solamdeaan ltteors isu emrain Uine. s seurmea ndoi vepnitean amente
'.]P.M EIERe,breo Umna rglei.Rn iapenislGa eres sùt orivcoo,l1 .:Le raddeilcip roblemeade lla
persoQuneari,n ianBares,c i2a00 1;U ne breo maRrigpiennaislelGa. er sesù t orvicoo,l2 .:M ent,o re
messaeggm iior aQcuoelrii,n iBanresac,i2 a0 02.
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umani'.
Seq uestop eègr le vise srueomr aiin ngi e nerèca elret,a pmievùne treo
peurn l eardeelri cgairoissom ilac tusiit caoet i uclsu iim pastotndooe ­
termidnaalstluiree e lazio.nÈ is pseocciiaallmipeenurtn pe a rvteiroc ola­
ree brdeeosl e Icc,. h iamGaetsoùN adiz alrae tvc,iu atida u èla tmap ia­
mendteemf itat enremii nsiu rede ellalzceoi anol ntiirn id ivegi rduupip i
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Attraaelncduon i ddaiq suceesptool bige rpnur pepGsoet,so pù a rtì in
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preseunnt em,e srsiavgogatli utoto It sor aPealses.a ncdioti tncdà ii t tà in
unm inisitteinreor antaet,t rtGaresass ùeg, li c ierbrcrioelisi te,ra emtptii
dis eguEagclciio. n vainlmseena ol ccuhnei agvueavrlaiel t oorm oa lattie
ed esipl uolrdsoeo m oSniii m.p eignnd òi spruetlei cgoianol ster i ebrei
devoept rie tde'sien seagisn uaocrioe r relicgoimooesn saerrvipa rroe­
priamlealn etgemg oes aiNceals.lu aca e rchia aiis nusodeiig sncòe poli
specfioramledi ip reghpireartai,cc rheed ecenh lzecie o ntraddistingue­
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Il msiunoi setresaro or prenandcehpneet rec ahtét ruanein vuas uale
segutirdtaoo n ndiea letb aa scsoan diszoicoineae l ceo mprunean deva
condivdiims einocsnoaetn i spoic ialemr eenltieg io'ssaepmgreenv'to,el i
comees atdteolirlmiep oes' tpee ccTauttotrainvi'oa.n, itu tctoin tatti di
Geseùb beersoip toos iAtlilvao .l fesin uere,e lazpiinoùen gia stidi iv­e
mostralreotL'naaoliri .s toscarcaezridaio nGt earulsea lecmampee,g giata
daC aidfeac,ci hseeeg elripa e riceoP loonszPoii tolo ai,pl r efreotmtao­
nod,e ccihseeeg elripa e ricaoblboassopt eancrzr ao cifiggerlo.
'Q uest'indoenèa a ffatto esdcellriulcsaei rvscaua Gl e ssùt orÈicun ol.u ogcoo munpee,esemr ­
pioin, f enomenovleodgpii.es,a . ;E, . S TEIN, On tPhreob ol/eEmmp atIhyC,,SW a shingDtCo 1n9,8 9
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chG,l aziWeirl,m ingDtEo 1n9,8 380,9-3D1a4t.la an atulriam ietf artamam entdaerlinlaoe s tfronet i,
tenncionmie 'greu' pmpoov'i m�e,an ptpoliaic saetgiu daicG ie sùd,e voninoe vitabilrmesetnatree
vaghPie.ri p lr oblpemear endneeld leanf iizidoin' es etvteadl'ia, 1n2i. n r/a.
Ler eladezlilo'neGibre esùcoo na letbrrie i 9
L'obietdit qiuvestoi c oncdiessac rizdieomlni en isptuebrbol diiGc eo­
sùè s ottoluinnase earmep lviecreiR taàc.c onltasa troedr iiGa e ssùi gnifi­
car acconltasa troerd ieals lueve a rrieel azliaso unraie :l azcioonin ned i­
viducio mPei etorG oi udcao,ng rupops ie gucaocmiie d isceop odilo i­
diceci o nm ovimeenbtriac iocmiie f aries seiai d duÈcqe uie.s tteos suto
determindainr teel azcihoeens ia minenreetlme or vzool umuent, e ssuto
dir elazcihofeni tinr opsppoe sèss ot ato trnaeslcolupere arrteeo c esnult i
Gessùt orPircoob.a bilgmlaeimn etrei acmaannilo as todriiua ne roseo ­
litacrhieco o mbactotnet lrefo o rmzalieg ned iu nas ociFeotràsi.me e zzi
dic omunicaszeimopnlei cenmoenpn otses ooncoc updairt suitl tece o m­
plesdseiGlte às sùt orOi,cfo o.r lsose p irrietloi gioso ampeorpioclaanroe
nona ppreWlz zGae ssùt orcihceco r esat rutetmubrrei ocnoamlleia c er­
chidae dio diQcuial.il llques ilaar agioln'ei,ng taemrmada e lrleel azioni
diG escùo ng rupepi in diveibdruneioi nh ac ostiutnui inttoe rceesns­e
trapleeir tl i pdoir icesrucG ae spùr opugniana tnonr ie cednatmiie zzi
dic omunicaazmieorniecI altn eirv.zo ol ucmeer dciac orreglgose qruei li­
brio.
Inollt'reen,df eatlse ir vzool usmuel rleel azdiiGo ensièù n ecessaria­
mentceo nnessuon 'caoslnot trtai lifnoenadtaumreanu tgaulael,mt ernat­e
scurataal cuirnnei c elnatvios ruGiles ùs torliacn oa:t uersas enzialmente
ebradiicq au esrteel azSitornaiand. oi risnai n,n rie cennutmie,r aoustio ri
impegnnaetltile ar rziac edrecGlae ssùt orsiisc oon doi stpienrlta mi a n­
candzaif ocalizszulalzeaib ornaeid ciGi etsàeù s ulsluere e lazcioonan li­
treib reQiu.e sète os tremasmienngtoecl oanrsei,d elreao nrdiogd ienlil a
terrziac enrecgaal nin sie ttaeon tttaa Qnutaan.d loat errziac efur acva­
viautnaad, e lplrei ncciapraaltit ercihsleta di icshtei,n dgauleplvraai ma ri­
cerdceapl r otestatnetdeesdsiecmslooe XcI.Xe d alsleac onrdiac e(recsai ­
stenzidaelgialslitl aid)ei Rv uid oBlufl tmannenga lin ncii nquaens teas ­
santear,la a s uad eterminaac zoinosnied ceornaa rses olsuetrai eet­à la
braidciiG teàs eù cao llocianpr ileone on tilrg oi udaipsalmeos tidneels e
secId. . CS.i Gae zVae rmiensI nghilstieEar. rPSa.an, d ernse ll'America
settenthrainonnsoalo et tolqiuneesacttoooni t itdoelliio rloi bDriif .a tto,
lat rildoigV iear mseuso n-ad etlu tctoor retta-mceonmtueen m anel­
lantceo reob re]oe:st uh]see w],e saunsd Wtohreol /]d u daiesT mhe R e­fi
giaon/] estuhJsee wD'ap. a rstueaE ,. P.S anderrise pilioslgu ainovt ae ro
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ae sseorneo radtaaa l cusntiu dicoosmieD alCe. Al lisoBna,rD t. E hr­
manP,a uFlrae driekB sreuncC eh iltsouqn u,e svteor sadnetlel 'Atlantico,
eJ i.irgen NB.Te .cW kreirg,ehJ ta cquSecsh losser, Tsuutltla'vailat,r o•.
specialtmreaanl tceua nuit oorrioa,p recedentceomnennetcseos,nii l }e­
suSse minla'ra,t teanlzlieabo rnaei dciGi etsàrù a ramente costituisce un
interceesnster Saesl ieg .u aradlaol pee rpei sùc ientdiifs itcuhdeic oos­i
meJ ohDno minCirco sseaB nu rtLo.nM acko, a lloep erdei vulgative
sensaziondaila iusttocirocimh ee RoWb.eF rtu nks,it roivlGa e sù filo­
sofcoi nioci ogl,e neriGceos cùo ntadmiendoi terori aGlne esoù, rivolu­
zionasroicoi oa lileG ,e siùc onocrlealsitgami eotstoe,ni dnoo m brsae
nonc ancelllaosn pdeoc iefbircepooa lestdienslee scIe d. i n omeG esù'.
Certpoa,r ocloem 'ee bree' og'i udsepoe'sa sdoo rntaintooo s loit totitoli
dit allaiv oers iif anncoo mmenptoil iticcamoernrtseeut llt'ii mportanza
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GHTJ, esaundst hVei ctoo/Gry o dF,o rtrMeisnsn,e ap1o9l9iJ6s.;ScHl. O SSER,j ésusN adzaer eNtoe­h,
siPsa,r 1i9s9 I9n.m idlierc eh eq uesatuit odriiff erisacmopnioa metnrtlaeo rnoe dle termincahrteei ·
po edbirf eoos Gessùe. Peri ld ibatstuic thoet ipdoie brefoo sGseseù ,v edlieo sservazdiiMo .nAi.
PoWELL,f esausasF iguirenH istWoerys,t minsteKrn!JooxhL,no uisv1i9l9l81e,6 9-1il7 l2i;b drio
Poweolfflr uen 'utrialses edgenlapl oes izidoina il cuinmip ortasnttuid iiomspie gnnaetlitl earz riace r·
ca.U nar assepginbùa r evèeo ffedratC a. AE.vA NS,T heT hiQrude os/tt hHer stoJreiscAua Bsli: b lio­
graphEiscsiaanlCy h,ri stSùcmh oRlaerv'is2e 8(w 1 99593)2 -5v4e3da;in chleeri flessimoentio dologi·
ched i} .BG.R EENI,nQ ueos/tt hHei stoJreisctuahslGe, o 'fJaenhHd,i stor0i/Jli asnmNdsew ,i bid.,
544-560.
'V edui,ai m oltvio lupmrio dodtatgial tit uoap lais smaetmib rid eJle suSse minlaesr e,g ueon·t i
perer appresentJa.tDCi.Rv OeS:S ATNh,He i stoJresiucTsah.lLe i o//ae M editenrrJ aewniesPahe asant,
HarpeSra,nF ranci1s9c9o1I ;D. J,e sAu Rse.v olutBioiognraaryp1-l hayrp,Se arn,F ranci1s9c9o4
[traidtG.. e, sù.b iUongarr iavfoilau zPioonntaleal enG roa,z iFei,r en1z9e9 4B].;LM .A CKA, M ytoh/
lnnocFeonncree,Pshs i,l ade1l9p8h8iR;a.W . F UNKH,o netso}t e sHausre,pr S,an Franci1s9c9o8 ;
R.W .F UNEKT ATLh,Fe i vGeo spMealcsm,i lNlean,wY or1k9 93.
Le relazdeiloln'ieG berscoeùnao l etbrir ei 11
delelbar aicdiiGt eàs ùM.a n ella mapgagridtoieqr u estlii bsricei r canoi ­
nutilmternattet adzeitotnaigs luviiaa rmtioe v imernetlii gcihsoei ds ii spu­
tavaln'oi nfluePnazlae sndteeilslnle aacI ( .p e.s i.f ,a riiss eaid,d uecg elii
esseend ie)mi o diin cuGie slù' ebreo icnotnee srsoari ge iavgaqi uvana­
dod ibatteva dqipu reastteiif coeandgi ieu daicShive e.d deu,n qupee,r ­
chéid lu plinitceer edsestlee rzo v-ollevu amreri eel azcihodene if iniva­
noG eseùl an atuersas enziaglimuednadtiiqec u ae srteel az-inoencie ssi­
tad iun 'approfoensdpiotsai zione'.
2.U na mappperaiv li agagtitor avietlre srovz ool ume
Ip ridmuie v olumdii U ne brmeaor gihnaanlnteoe ntdaitg oe ttlaer e
fondamepneqtrua e st'impeosratmdaeen ltle' eGbesreùed oe lsluere e la­
zioniil m coonnd eob raiLcaPo a.r te Sedcepolrn imdoa vol«uLmere a,­
dicdie lplear so(nla1,»9 4141-)o,ff ruinvada e scripzrieolniem iein a­re,
nevitabilsmcehnetmea dteilcilame,m ediraetlea zionid ifG aemsilùi,a ri
noncdheécl o ntelsitnog uicsutlitcuoer,p a ollei tiinc occ urie bnbeel la
basGsaal inleepiar iamnin die sle cId. . Cll. s econvdool upmoen elvaa
questdieolnrleee l aznieomlni in isptuebrboli fcooc,a liz(zlal)nar d eol a­
ziodnieG escùo nils umoe ntoGrieo,v aBnantit (is2t,a21 7)(-,22l )8as ua
relazione Icsorna ietnlqu eut,at nogt losi ip resenctoamvileap rofee­ta
scatolcohgepi rcooc lalm'aivmam inente-eppruergend-oiDp iroe sente
(2,28e3( -35l)a9s u2ra)e lazcioounn neg ransdiem boelbor aiilpc roo,f e­
taE lioap eradtiom rier acsoulqliu ,as leem braavveara eb,b astcaonnzsaa ­
pevolmemnotdee,l luantabo u onpaa rdteesl u moi nis(t2er,-o52 19335).
Tuttanvoinao,s tqaunetsietn ii ziinadlidizir i e lazcihoean iiu taad neo­
finire laGm easgùg,i or pparritdmeui e vd oeliu smici o ncentsruGa ev­a
sùs teslseso u:oe r igfianmii leic aurlit uirsla ulmoie, s sagcgeinot rale del
AP robabilmseipn utòce o,n gettduaru anrace e rrteag odlipa r oporziinovneer sa lpase precchiéfi �
cae braidciiG teàs ùel es usep ecifrieclhaez cioonan lit irnid iveibJrueeig i r upepbir asiicaisn toa te
trascuirnaa ltceu rneec eonpteir nee:U mai suirnac uqiu esdtuop liacsep eèti tgon orGaersoùd, i ven­
tau nac onvenifeingtuierd ae olougnim coad,e llo socuinoa lrocghiectjoiu,pn og hioau nnoam, e rcai ­
frsau c usiip uòp roietqtuaarlesp iraosgir amoma ag ensdiad esidIelmr lioi. n terpersismea irnit oal e
questioèn,ce o mes emprine q uestlol brsot,o rincoont, e ologPiecrbo r.e vrii flesssuilloceno in se­
guentzeeo logdieclheleba r aidciiG teàs ùv,e diilm ioa rticoTlhoeP, r esSetnatot /teh 'eT hiQrude st'
/urH itfhte JoersiuLcsoa:as. lnr Gd a iinnB .i BbO ( 1949599)- 487.